{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "nyc-311",
  "title": "NYC311 Service Requests & Open Data",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/nyc-311/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-source-dates",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-20-claim-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T11:55:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 6 claims and 10 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:964caaec40aa9aef712d9dab96989ba4b4d6c5140bf2619f3206cd30eb3ecfb0",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-26",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:49ad4905a7a31df13b181f5a03440ec6f4db431aa749d2789e5937092b0047ea",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2003,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "NYC311 (City of New York)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-731f190129f1debb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "New York City opened 311 at 12:01 a.m. on 9 March 2003, folding more than 40 agency hotlines into one non-emergency number",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-419a0433b0996d03",
       "src-04f66e4ab455ddbc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator page dates the launch to 12:01 a.m. on 9 March 2003 and records the first call. The tenth-anniversary account gives the origin — announced in the mayor's 2002 State of the City address — and the scope of the consolidation: more than 40 call centres and hotlines and 12 pages of phone-book listings.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "It was telephone-only until a web channel arrived in 2009 and texting in 2011; in fiscal 2024 the website carried more contacts than the phone line",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-777044bf15b9f9c9",
       "src-419a0433b0996d03",
       "src-ac75ea94548c03c6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The channel chronology is telephone-only from 2003, an online channel added in 2009, and text and social media in 2011; the operator page dates the text channel to 2011 as well. The fiscal 2024 management report puts roughly 18.2 million contacts through the website against nearly 17.5 million calls — the first year the web channel is the larger of the two.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 2010 the city publishes every request daily as open data, with type, agency, location and both opening and closing timestamps, which is why outsiders can audit it",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a943bb47635dc8f5",
       "src-bb7b147ed854e716",
       "src-5a9eb65533c8a5ec"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The dataset updates daily with one row per request carrying complaint type, responding agency, location, and created and closed timestamps, and no personally identifying information. Two outside uses show what those timestamps allow: a newsroom analysed 26 million requests and found roughly 8,000 driver-misconduct complaints closed in under five minutes during 2020, with only 11 per cent of such complaints producing a summons since 2010; and the state comptroller built a public neighbourhood-level monitoring tool directly on the daily feed.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-72919cb045b9c12d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The City Council's own dashboard warns that vague resolution descriptions make it nearly impossible to tell whether an issue was actually fixed",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9c1c0d7ab16e0e07"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Council's dashboard carries the agency shares — police 29.0 per cent, housing 23.0 per cent, sanitation 15.4 per cent — and its own finding that vague, misleading or inaccurate resolution descriptions make it nearly impossible to track whether an issue was resolved.",
      "caveat": "This is the legislature auditing the executive's own dataset, which is why it is the entry's accountability counterweight rather than an outside critique.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5f7cebb101353eb5",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "38.2 million contacts in fiscal 2024 (Mayor's Management Report): about 18.2 million through the website, 17.5 million calls, and 2.5 million by app, text or social media",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-ac75ea94548c03c6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The management report gives 38.2 million contacts in fiscal 2024, of which roughly 18.2 million via the website — up 21 per cent on the previous year — nearly 17.5 million calls and almost 2.5 million by app, text and social media.",
      "caveat": "A city self-report. It counts contacts, not distinct residents or resolved problems.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9e4b6a2c509d9dd6",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Peer-reviewed work on New York's heating and hot-water requests finds neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics predict underreporting, so allocating service by complaint counts can widen the gap it appears to close",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9fc82934ca1fc2be",
       "src-40a6d0dd711ac4d7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The peer-reviewed model of heating and hot-water complaints finds that neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics predict which buildings underreport. A second, independent study comparing more than 20 million requests with building violation records finds the propensity to complain varies with socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and internet-access differences.",
      "caveat": "The consequence — that allocating service by complaint counts can widen the gap — is the entry's own inference from two findings about reporting, not a claim either study makes about service allocation.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-419a0433b0996d03",
      "title": "NYC311 — About",
      "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/about-nyc-311/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "portal.311.nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-731f190129f1debb",
       "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator page: launch at 12:01 a.m. on 9 March 2003, the first call, the 311-692 text channel added in 2011, and open datasets published from 2010 onward.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-04f66e4ab455ddbc",
      "title": "Office of the Mayor — Ten years of NYC311 (2013)",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/089-13/mayor-bloomberg-commemorates-ten-years-nyc311-nation-s-largest-most-comprehensive-311",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-731f190129f1debb"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the origin: announced in Bloomberg's 2002 State of the City, consolidating more than 40 call centres and hotlines and 12 pages of phone-book listings.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-ac75ea94548c03c6",
      "title": "Mayor's Management Report FY2024 — 311 Customer Service Center",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/operations/downloads/pdf/mmr2024/311.pdf",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "pdf",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e",
       "clm-5f7cebb101353eb5"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Source of the impact figures: 38.2 million contacts in fiscal 2024, of which roughly 18.2 million via the website (up 21% on FY2023), nearly 17.5 million calls and almost 2.5 million by app, text and social media.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-777044bf15b9f9c9",
      "title": "Gotham Gazette — Inside 311, the City's Front Door to Government",
      "url": "https://www.gothamgazette.com/6524-inside-311-the-city-s-front-door-to-",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "gothamgazette.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the channel chronology: telephone-only from 2003, 311 Online added in 2009, text and social media in 2011.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-a943bb47635dc8f5",
      "title": "NYC Open Data — 311 Service Requests from 2010 to Present",
      "url": "https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Social-Services/311-Service-Requests-from-2020-to-Present/erm2-nwe9",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "data.cityofnewyork.us",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The dataset itself: daily updates, one row per request with complaint type, responding agency, location, and created and closed timestamps, no personally identifying information.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9c1c0d7ab16e0e07",
      "title": "New York City Council — 311 by agency",
      "url": "https://council.nyc.gov/data/311-agency/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "council.nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-72919cb045b9c12d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The accountability counterweight: agency shares (NYPD 29.0%, HPD 23.0%, Sanitation 15.4%) and the Council's finding that vague, misleading or inaccurate resolution descriptions make it nearly impossible to track whether an issue was resolved.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-bb7b147ed854e716",
      "title": "Streetsblog NYC — Ignored, Dismissed (21 Oct 2021)",
      "url": "https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2021/10/21/ignored-dismissed-how-the-nypd-neglects-311-complaints-about-driver-misconduct",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nyc.streetsblog.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2021-10-21",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Worked example of journalism built on the closing timestamps: 26 million requests analysed, roughly 8,000 driver-misconduct complaints closed in under five minutes during 2020, and only 11% of such complaints producing a summons since 2010.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5a9eb65533c8a5ec",
      "title": "NY State Comptroller — NYC311 Monitoring Tool (May 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/osdc/nyc311-monitoring-tool",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "osc.ny.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent oversight body built a public neighbourhood-level monitoring tool directly on the daily open-data feed; also confirms the dataset and service are active in 2025.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9fc82934ca1fc2be",
      "title": "Boxer, Hong, Kontokosta & Neill, Annals of Applied Statistics 19(2), 2025",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1214/24-AOAS2003",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "doi.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9e4b6a2c509d9dd6"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Peer-reviewed basis for the lesson: modelling heating and hot-water complaints finds neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics predict which buildings underreport to 311.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-40a6d0dd711ac4d7",
      "title": "Kontokosta, Hong & Korsberg — Equity in 311 Reporting (NYU, 2017)",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02452",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "arxiv.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9e4b6a2c509d9dd6"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Second, independent equity finding: 20 million-plus requests compared with building violation records show the propensity to complain varies with socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and internet-access differences.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 6,
     "claimsMapped": 6,
     "sourcesTotal": 10,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 10,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-source-dates",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T02:30:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "update",
   "summary": "Record the publication date of each source that states one; a source that publishes no date is marked null, and one that shows only a revision carries `updated` instead.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:45cb0f4d72ac9e3be85cba3a76b036dea35672ab309c90b0e124b5d4f556655d",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-26",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:ed5d0ea095194db191d6d07beda8343cfe8cdb48fa358d6f7e8219410d1c67de",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2003,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "NYC311 (City of New York)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-731f190129f1debb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "New York City opened 311 at 12:01 a.m. on 9 March 2003, folding more than 40 agency hotlines into one non-emergency number",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-419a0433b0996d03",
       "src-04f66e4ab455ddbc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator page dates the launch to 12:01 a.m. on 9 March 2003 and records the first call. The tenth-anniversary account gives the origin — announced in the mayor's 2002 State of the City address — and the scope of the consolidation: more than 40 call centres and hotlines and 12 pages of phone-book listings.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "It was telephone-only until a web channel arrived in 2009 and texting in 2011; in fiscal 2024 the website carried more contacts than the phone line",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-777044bf15b9f9c9",
       "src-419a0433b0996d03",
       "src-ac75ea94548c03c6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The channel chronology is telephone-only from 2003, an online channel added in 2009, and text and social media in 2011; the operator page dates the text channel to 2011 as well. The fiscal 2024 management report puts roughly 18.2 million contacts through the website against nearly 17.5 million calls — the first year the web channel is the larger of the two.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 2010 the city publishes every request daily as open data, with type, agency, location and both opening and closing timestamps, which is why outsiders can audit it",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a943bb47635dc8f5",
       "src-bb7b147ed854e716",
       "src-5a9eb65533c8a5ec"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The dataset updates daily with one row per request carrying complaint type, responding agency, location, and created and closed timestamps, and no personally identifying information. Two outside uses show what those timestamps allow: a newsroom analysed 26 million requests and found roughly 8,000 driver-misconduct complaints closed in under five minutes during 2020, with only 11 per cent of such complaints producing a summons since 2010; and the state comptroller built a public neighbourhood-level monitoring tool directly on the daily feed.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-72919cb045b9c12d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The City Council's own dashboard warns that vague resolution descriptions make it nearly impossible to tell whether an issue was actually fixed",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9c1c0d7ab16e0e07"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Council's dashboard carries the agency shares — police 29.0 per cent, housing 23.0 per cent, sanitation 15.4 per cent — and its own finding that vague, misleading or inaccurate resolution descriptions make it nearly impossible to track whether an issue was resolved.",
      "caveat": "This is the legislature auditing the executive's own dataset, which is why it is the entry's accountability counterweight rather than an outside critique.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5f7cebb101353eb5",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "38.2 million contacts in fiscal 2024 (Mayor's Management Report): about 18.2 million through the website, 17.5 million calls, and 2.5 million by app, text or social media",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-ac75ea94548c03c6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The management report gives 38.2 million contacts in fiscal 2024, of which roughly 18.2 million via the website — up 21 per cent on the previous year — nearly 17.5 million calls and almost 2.5 million by app, text and social media.",
      "caveat": "A city self-report. It counts contacts, not distinct residents or resolved problems.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9e4b6a2c509d9dd6",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Peer-reviewed work on New York's heating and hot-water requests finds neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics predict underreporting, so allocating service by complaint counts can widen the gap it appears to close",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9fc82934ca1fc2be",
       "src-40a6d0dd711ac4d7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The peer-reviewed model of heating and hot-water complaints finds that neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics predict which buildings underreport. A second, independent study comparing more than 20 million requests with building violation records finds the propensity to complain varies with socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and internet-access differences.",
      "caveat": "The consequence — that allocating service by complaint counts can widen the gap — is the entry's own inference from two findings about reporting, not a claim either study makes about service allocation.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-419a0433b0996d03",
      "title": "NYC311 — About",
      "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/about-nyc-311/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "portal.311.nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-731f190129f1debb",
       "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator page: launch at 12:01 a.m. on 9 March 2003, the first call, the 311-692 text channel added in 2011, and open datasets published from 2010 onward.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-04f66e4ab455ddbc",
      "title": "Office of the Mayor — Ten years of NYC311 (2013)",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/089-13/mayor-bloomberg-commemorates-ten-years-nyc311-nation-s-largest-most-comprehensive-311",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-731f190129f1debb"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the origin: announced in Bloomberg's 2002 State of the City, consolidating more than 40 call centres and hotlines and 12 pages of phone-book listings.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-ac75ea94548c03c6",
      "title": "Mayor's Management Report FY2024 — 311 Customer Service Center",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/operations/downloads/pdf/mmr2024/311.pdf",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "pdf",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e",
       "clm-5f7cebb101353eb5"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Source of the impact figures: 38.2 million contacts in fiscal 2024, of which roughly 18.2 million via the website (up 21% on FY2023), nearly 17.5 million calls and almost 2.5 million by app, text and social media.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-777044bf15b9f9c9",
      "title": "Gotham Gazette — Inside 311, the City's Front Door to Government",
      "url": "https://www.gothamgazette.com/6524-inside-311-the-city-s-front-door-to-",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "gothamgazette.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0c27f8b34c2acf7e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the channel chronology: telephone-only from 2003, 311 Online added in 2009, text and social media in 2011.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-a943bb47635dc8f5",
      "title": "NYC Open Data — 311 Service Requests from 2010 to Present",
      "url": "https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Social-Services/311-Service-Requests-from-2020-to-Present/erm2-nwe9",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "data.cityofnewyork.us",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The dataset itself: daily updates, one row per request with complaint type, responding agency, location, and created and closed timestamps, no personally identifying information.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9c1c0d7ab16e0e07",
      "title": "New York City Council — 311 by agency",
      "url": "https://council.nyc.gov/data/311-agency/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "council.nyc.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-72919cb045b9c12d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The accountability counterweight: agency shares (NYPD 29.0%, HPD 23.0%, Sanitation 15.4%) and the Council's finding that vague, misleading or inaccurate resolution descriptions make it nearly impossible to track whether an issue was resolved.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-bb7b147ed854e716",
      "title": "Streetsblog NYC — Ignored, Dismissed (21 Oct 2021)",
      "url": "https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2021/10/21/ignored-dismissed-how-the-nypd-neglects-311-complaints-about-driver-misconduct",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nyc.streetsblog.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2021-10-21",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Worked example of journalism built on the closing timestamps: 26 million requests analysed, roughly 8,000 driver-misconduct complaints closed in under five minutes during 2020, and only 11% of such complaints producing a summons since 2010.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5a9eb65533c8a5ec",
      "title": "NY State Comptroller — NYC311 Monitoring Tool (May 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/osdc/nyc311-monitoring-tool",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "osc.ny.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-0ee3c8ed167f431d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent oversight body built a public neighbourhood-level monitoring tool directly on the daily open-data feed; also confirms the dataset and service are active in 2025.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9fc82934ca1fc2be",
      "title": "Boxer, Hong, Kontokosta & Neill, Annals of Applied Statistics 19(2), 2025",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1214/24-AOAS2003",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "doi.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9e4b6a2c509d9dd6"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-06-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Peer-reviewed basis for the lesson: modelling heating and hot-water complaints finds neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics predict which buildings underreport to 311.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-40a6d0dd711ac4d7",
      "title": "Kontokosta, Hong & Korsberg — Equity in 311 Reporting (NYU, 2017)",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02452",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "arxiv.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9e4b6a2c509d9dd6"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2017-10-06",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Second, independent equity finding: 20 million-plus requests compared with building violation records show the propensity to complain varies with socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and internet-access differences.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 6,
     "claimsMapped": 6,
     "sourcesTotal": 10,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 10,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}