{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "niamey-prepaid-water-meters",
  "title": "CityTaps Prepaid Smart Water Meters",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/niamey-prepaid-water-meters/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-20-source-dates",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-20-source-dates",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-20T19:16:27Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 1 claim and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:d7ede7814e102322c5aaa58ed1395f2885af399eb5c0bf63273b01341db84215",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-07",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:687dc4de886ecf7a21da460d4392413ab72831fee10099d7c2c56292a3c66743",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "completed",
     "outcome": "failed",
     "evidenceGrade": "peer-reviewed",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2016,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Societe d'Exploitation des Eaux du Niger (SEEN, Veolia-led lessee) with CityTaps (meter and CTCloud platform) and Orange Niger (mobile money); the network passed to the state-owned Nigerienne des Eaux from 2023",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility",
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "mixed",
     "fundingDescription": "GSMA Mobile for Development grants (2015 seed, 2018 scale-up), with SEEN funding its own follow-on meter order",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-6b0d95ad2c952c6e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "sur les 15 000 compteurs prevus en 2019, seulement 11 % ont ete installes soit 1 325",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-f2b78e7767f4d518"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The peer-reviewed field study's own quoted finding: of the 15,000 meters planned for 2019, only 11% (1,325) were installed, with no growth since.",
      "caveat": "Quoted in the original French from the peer-reviewed source; the entry's English framing paraphrases the study around it.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-f2b78e7767f4d518",
      "title": "Hassane Younsa Harouna, \"Les compteurs d'eau intelligents a Niamey (Niger) : une diffusion compromise !\", Mu Kara Sani N deg 40 (peer-reviewed)",
      "url": "https://www.mukarasani.com/mukarasani/index.php?id=441",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "mukarasani.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-6b0d95ad2c952c6e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-12-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Carries every load-bearing figure: introduction in 2016 (\"en 2016, les compteurs intelligents ont ete introduits dans l'offre de l'eau a Niamey\"), 11%/1,325 of 15,000 planned, 47% of households naming malfunction, and the 18 billion FCFA projection for 100,000 meters. Based on 2022 fieldwork with household surveys and semi-structured interviews. This article dates the end of the SEEN contract to December 2023, while Air Info reports the government's non-renewal decision of 19 October 2022 — the discrepancy is left unresolved in the entry, which states only the decision and the handover.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-a67bb108e0317320",
      "title": "GSMA Mobile for Development — Digital Utilities grantee record, CityTaps",
      "url": "https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-for-development/programme/digital-utilities/citytaps-delivering-safe-water-to-the-urban-poor-through-prepaid-smart-metering-and-mobile-money/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "gsma.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the 2015 seed grant for at least 250 meters with SEEN and Orange Niger, the 2018 grant scaling to 1,325 meters, the count of about 2,650 households and 13,250 direct beneficiaries, and SEEN's follow-on order of 10,000 CTSuites. The page returned HTTP 403 to direct fetching; its existence and its coverage of these claims were confirmed through the search index, per the reviewer protocol's 403 fallback.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5d88a91d46e3f0ba",
      "title": "Isabelle Poulet (CityTaps), \"Au Niger, CityTaps revolutionne l'acces a l'eau courante avec des compteurs intelligents prepayes\", FinDev Gateway blog, 14 April 2020 (vendor source)",
      "url": "https://www.findevgateway.org/fr/blog/2020/04/au-niger-citytaps-revolutionne-lacces-leau-courante-avec-des-compteurs-intelligents",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "findevgateway.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2020-04-14",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Describes the CTSuite mechanism — mobile money top-up of any amount, CTCloud giving the operator payment and consumption data — and carries the two mobile money adoption figures (43% new mobile money users, 95% of existing users transacting more). Written by a CityTaps employee, so attributed in the entry rather than stated.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-655f3442794d4012",
      "title": "Air Info (Agadez, Nigerien press), \"Niger : fin de contrat pour le groupe francais Veolia\", 1 December 2023",
      "url": "https://airinfoagadez.com/2023/12/01/niger-fin-de-contrat-pour-le-groupe-francais-veolia/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "airinfoagadez.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2023-12-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Nigerien primary press for the end of the SEEN/Veolia affermage: \"le gouvernement du Niger a decide de ne plus renouveler le contrat d'Affermage pour la Societe d'Exploitation des Eaux du Niger (SEEN) du groupe francais VEOLIA\", decision dated 19 October 2022, with La Nigerienne des Eaux named as the successor operator.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-51f00c2dbc8ec5f2",
      "title": "LaunchBase Africa, \"CityTaps' $6M Water-Tech Dream Runs Dry as Kenyan Arm Enters Liquidation\", 29 July 2025",
      "url": "https://launchbaseafrica.com/2025/07/29/citytaps-6m-water-tech-dream-runs-dry-as-kenyan-arm-enters-liquidation/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "launchbaseafrica.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-07-29",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the vendor's end: CityTaps S.A.S. entered compulsory liquidation on 14 April 2025 and the Kenyan arm held a creditors' voluntary liquidation meeting on 24 July 2025. Single-source for the liquidation dates; corroborated only by the company's own domain fr.citytaps.org failing to resolve (DNS ENOTFOUND) when checked on 7 August 2026.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 1,
     "claimsMapped": 1,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 1,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}