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  "id": "neom-the-line",
  "title": "The Line",
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     "status": "suspended",
     "outcome": "scaled-back",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2021,
      "ended": null
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    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "NEOM",
     "actorTypes": [
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     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": "NEOM as a whole was announced at $500bn in 2017; a consultant told Reuters in November 2024 that 'The Line alone was going to cost over a trillion', which is why it was scaled back. NEOM's own executives put region-wide infrastructure spending to date at more than $50bn (deputy CEO, January 2025) and more than SAR140bn ($37bn) (chief development officer, February 2025). No figure for The Line alone has been published by NEOM.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Pitched in January 2021 as a 170km linear city with zero cars, zero streets and zero carbon emissions",
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      "supportNote": "Gulf News, 10 January 2021, reporting the Saudi Press Agency statement on the crown prince's launch: 'A 170km belt of hyper-connected future communities ... without cars and roads' and, in the crown prince's words, 'zero cars, zero streets, and zero Carbon emissions'.",
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "nine million residents eventually, by NEOM's July 2022 design announcement",
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      "supportNote": "Khaleej Times, 25 July 2022, on the design reveal: 'THE LINE will eventually accommodate 9 million residents and will be built on a footprint of 34 square kilometres'. AGBI (July 2026) confirms the nine-million figure once stood in NEOM's own project description before it was removed.",
      "caveat": "At the January 2021 launch the figure given was a million residents; nine million is the July 2022 design announcement.",
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "reported in April 2024 to have been scaled back to a 2.4km first phase for fewer than 300,000 people by 2030, against an earlier 1.5 million (Bloomberg)",
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      "supportNote": "Bloomberg, 5 April 2024: officials expected just 2.4km of the 170km project by 2030 and fewer than 300,000 residents, after hoping for 1.5 million. New Civil Engineer relays the report: the plan 'has been curtailed to 2.4km long' and the 1.5 million residents by 2030 'has been scaled back to fewer than 300,000, according to the report'.",
      "caveat": "Bloomberg's account rests on an unnamed source familiar with the matter; NEOM and PIF did not confirm it, and Saudi officials were reported to say the project continued as planned.",
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      "text": "By November 2024 Reuters' sources said work was focused solely on that 2.4km stretch and its 2034 World Cup stadium",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Reuters, 13 November 2024, three sources: 'work on the project is now solely focused on finishing a 2.4 kilometre stretch including a stadium that is expected to host the final match of the 2034 soccer World Cup, after which future plans will be evaluated'. The Reuters page is closed to automated readers; the wording was checked against a syndicated copy of the same report.",
      "caveat": "Anonymous sourcing; NEOM did not comment.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In July 2025 the Public Investment Fund put the project under a strategic review by outside consultants, which NEOM called common practice",
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      "supportNote": "Gulf News, 21 July 2025: per Bloomberg, PIF 'has hired external consultants to assess the viability of the linear city'; the move was 'confirmed by NEOM', which 'described the strategic checks as common practice for long-term developments'. Semafor, 18 July 2025: Bloomberg reported Saudi Arabia 'looking to hire a consultant for a strategic review of The Line'.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "CNBC reported large sections frozen with the workforce cut by 35% since April",
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      "supportNote": "Gulf News, 21 July 2025: 'CNBC, citing sources close to the project, reported that development has been frozen on large sections of The Line, with the number of active construction workers cut by 35% since April 2025.'",
      "caveat": "Second-hand: Gulf News relaying CNBC's anonymous sources.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In May 2026 Semafor reported further work pushed back until after 2030",
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      "supportNote": "Semafor, 22 May 2026: NEOM 'has delayed further work on The Line ... until at least after 2030 as the kingdom's sovereign wealth fund shifts spending toward developing infrastructure like ports and data centers'.",
      "caveat": "People familiar with the matter; NEOM did not respond to a request for comment and has not confirmed the report.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "PIF governor Yasir Al-Rumayyan had said in April that no NEOM project was cancelled, but that finishing The Line by 2030 was 'good to have, but it's not a must have'",
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      "supportNote": "AFP, 16 April 2026: 'No project in Neom has been cancelled,' said Yasir Al-Rumayyan; 'Has anything been postponed? Yes, definitely'; and on Al Arabiya: 'Is it necessary for The Line to be completed by 2030? I don't think so. It's good to have, but it's not a must have.'",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In July 2026 NEOM's own web page dropped the nine-million and car-free promises for a 'phased, demand-led approach'",
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      "supportNote": "AGBI, 13 July 2026: on NEOM's rewritten site The Line is 'a core component' of a 'phased, demand-led approach', and 'Earlier references to housing 9 million people, operating without roads or cars and running entirely on renewable energy, no longer appear in the main project description'. NEOM's page today reads: 'THE LINE is advancing through a phased, demand-led approach.'",
      "caveat": "NEOM's spokesperson told AGBI the update 'should not be interpreted as signalling any change to our long-term vision'.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "in October Reuters reported the stadium shelved indefinitely",
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      "supportNote": "Gulf News, 5 October 2026, relaying Reuters: 'The stadium plans have now been shelved indefinitely, according to Reuters, following delays and the scaling back of The Line project'; MEED Projects lists the $2.5bn, 46,000-seat venue 'on hold'.",
      "caveat": "Two anonymous Reuters sources; NEOM did not reply, and the World Cup authority did not address the stadium directly.",
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      "text": "within four years The Line went from a 170km blueprint to a 2.4km first phase and then to a site halted until after 2030",
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      "supportNote": "Launch January 2021 (Gulf News); the 2.4km first phase reported April 2024 (New Civil Engineer: 'has been curtailed to 2.4km long'); further work delayed until after 2030 reported May 2026 (Semafor). 2021 to 2025, when construction was reported suspended, is four years.",
      "caveat": "The 2025 suspension and the 2030 delay rest on press reports from unnamed sources that NEOM has not confirmed.",
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      "text": "The often-cited $50bn is NEOM's own count of infrastructure spending across the whole region — its deputy CEO's figure in January 2025, a month before its chief development officer put the same tally at $37bn",
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      "supportNote": "Dezeen, February 2025: NEOM deputy CEO Rayan Fayez at Davos, 'More than $50 billion has been spent so far building the basic infrastructure.' AGBI, 17 February 2025: chief development officer Denis Hickey told the PIF Private Sector Forum NEOM 'has spent more than SAR140 billion ($37 billion) on infrastructure development so far'. Both figures are NEOM-wide.",
      "caveat": "Two NEOM executives gave different totals a month apart; neither is audited, and neither separates The Line from the rest of NEOM.",
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       "value": "Design reveal: The Line 'is only 200 meters wide, 170 kilometres long and 500 meters above sea level' and 'will eventually accommodate 9 million residents' on a 34 km² footprint, with a five-minute walk to all facilities and a 20-minute end-to-end rail transit.",
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       "value": "Three sources a day after CEO Nadhmi al-Nasr's departure: NEOM 'scaled down and broken into chunks'; work on The Line 'solely focused on finishing a 2.4 kilometre stretch including a stadium' for the 2034 World Cup final; a consultant said The Line alone 'was going to cost over a trillion which was why it's been scaled back'.",
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       "value": "NEOM deputy CEO Rayan Fayez at Davos: 'More than $50 billion has been spent so far building the basic infrastructure' of the NEOM region.",
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      "title": "AGBI — Neom spends $37bn on infrastructure development (17 Feb 2025)",
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       "value": "Chief development officer Denis Hickey at the PIF Private Sector Forum: NEOM 'has spent more than SAR140 billion ($37 billion) on infrastructure development so far'; The Line 'to be built in modular phases, is scheduled to open its first phase in 2030'.",
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      "title": "Semafor — Saudi considers NEOM job cuts, relocations amid cost pressures (18 Jul 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.semafor.com/article/07/18/2025/saudi-considers-neom-job-cuts-relocations-amid-cost-pressures",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "PIF, which 'so far has been providing the funding for its construction', was weighing workforce cuts and relocating 1,000+ staff to Riyadh; PIF's head of audit was leading a review of progress and spending; Bloomberg had reported a consultant being sought for a 'strategic review' of The Line; focus had shifted to 'completing a smaller part of the towers by 2030'.",
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      "title": "Gulf News — Saudi Arabia hits reset on NEOM: did costs for 'The Line' spiral out of control? (21 Jul 2025)",
      "url": "https://gulfnews.com/business/property/saudi-arabias-neom-hits-reset-are-costs-for-the-line-spiraling-out-of-control-1.500205617",
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       "publishedAt": "2025-07-21",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "NEOM confirmed the strategic review and 'described the strategic checks as common practice'; per Bloomberg, PIF 'hired external consultants to assess the viability of the linear city'; per CNBC, 'development has been frozen on large sections of The Line, with the number of active construction workers cut by 35% since April 2025'; per the WSJ, an internal report put NEOM's end-state cost at $8.8 trillion by 2080, with a $370bn first phase.",
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      "title": "AFP via Macau Business — Saudi investment official says Neom projects delayed, not cancelled (16 Apr 2026)",
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       "value": "AFP report of PIF governor Yasir Al-Rumayyan's speech and Al Arabiya interview: 'No project in Neom has been cancelled'; 'Has anything been postponed? Yes, definitely'; 'Is it necessary for The Line to be completed by 2030? I don't think so. It's good to have, but it's not a must have.' Also records the 2022 pitch of over one million residents by 2030 and nine million by 2045.",
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      "id": "src-3c7a5c8249f15b30",
      "title": "Gulf Construction — Mega projects update (1 May 2026)",
      "url": "https://gulfconstructiononline.com/Article/461824/mega-projects-update",
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      "role": "background",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-05-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade roundup: 'Construction on The Line was suspended by Public Investment Fund (PIF) in September 2025, following a year-long strategic review. Only approximately 2.4 km of foundation work has been completed against the original 170 km vision'; the 2029 Asian Winter Games at Trojena postponed indefinitely in January 2026; NEOM cancelled dam and tunnel contracts.",
       "exact": false
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     {
      "id": "src-56dc43b38a87ed01",
      "title": "Semafor — Saudi's NEOM halts work on The Line until after 2030 (22 May 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.semafor.com/article/05/22/2026/saudis-neom-halts-work-on-the-line-until-after-2030",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "semafor.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-05-22",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Exclusive from people familiar with the matter: NEOM 'has delayed further work on The Line ... until at least after 2030' as PIF shifts spending to ports and data centres; the twin skyscrapers are being 'significantly' redesigned; NEOM-wide residents by 2030 now targeted at up to 100,000, after 1.5 million and then 300,000. NEOM did not respond to a request for comment.",
       "exact": false
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-1c7f449f83079c36",
      "title": "AGBI — Neom rebrands The Line as costs and complexity bite (13 Jul 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.agbi.com/analysis/giga-projects/2026/07/neom-rebrands-the-line-as-costs-and-complexity-bite/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "agbi.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
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      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-07-13",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "NEOM rewrote its website: renderings of the 500m glass structure replaced by landscape images; The Line now 'a core component' of a 'phased, demand-led approach'; 'Earlier references to housing 9 million people, operating without roads or cars and running entirely on renewable energy, no longer appear'. A NEOM spokesperson: 'We routinely update our digital platforms ... this should not be interpreted as signalling any change to our long-term vision'.",
       "exact": false
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     {
      "id": "src-e6f65f9c8385b053",
      "title": "Gulf News — Saudi Arabia's $2.5 billion NEOM stadium reportedly shelved (5 Oct 2026)",
      "url": "https://gulfnews.com/sport/saudi-arabias-25-billion-neom-stadium-reportedly-shelved-despite-being-part-of-2034-fifa-world-cup-1.500698549",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "gulfnews.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-10-05",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Relays Reuters (4 Oct 2026): plans for the $2.5bn, 46,000-seat stadium inside The Line 'have now been shelved indefinitely'; MEED Projects lists it 'on hold' with no completion date; Al-Rumayyan 'said in April that The Line was no longer a priority and was not vital before 2030' while denying cancellations.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     "claimsMapped": 12,
     "sourcesTotal": 16,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 14,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 14,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
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    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
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 ]
}