{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "nairobi-map-kibera", "title": "Map Kibera — Residents Surveying an Informal Settlement into OpenStreetMap", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/nairobi-map-kibera/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-09-27-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-09-27-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-09-27T09:08:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-09-27", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 18 claims and 10 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:5b6bc3cf3fda05bb8f279dcf133aa5ed0a7d3a107c2b389c8beafb060f29fc13", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-09-27", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:06c81e53518eda3c8ae027ee6421fc71c4d79efc7bbb1f8754e183917ab5654a", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2009, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Map Kibera Trust, founded by the GroundTruth Initiative", "actorTypes": [ "civil-society" ], "fundingModel": "grant", "fundingDescription": "Jumpstart International at launch; UNICEF for the second phase; later donor grants", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-a4b636788aa19406", "field": "snippet", "text": "In November 2009 thirteen young residents of Kibera", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ca4bd55181549871", "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1" ], "supportNote": "Tactical Tech dates the first map to November 2009 and counts 13 local participants; Participedia records 13 young people from Kibera trained after the project was conceived in October 2009.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-347b057b26a2cb99", "field": "snippet", "text": "a cluster of informal settlements in Nairobi's Kibra area of roughly 2.5 km²", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1" ], "supportNote": "The case record gives Kibera's size as 2.5 square kilometres.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-139904ce4d409238", "field": "snippet", "text": "were trained on GPS handsets by the GroundTruth Initiative and surveyed their own neighbourhood in under a month", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1" ], "supportNote": "The record names Hagen and Maron of GroundTruth, describes GPS-based data collection by the trained youth, and states the first digital map was produced in less than a month.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7bb32e7834e1ee01", "field": "snippet", "text": "The survey was imported into OpenStreetMap in January 2010", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e93ef678b6f8cc99" ], "supportNote": "The OpenStreetMap community page records the import of the Map Kibera data on 11 January 2010.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-69d1ecd89cb739ff", "field": "snippet", "text": "water points, toilets, clinics, schools, pharmacies and security black spots", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1" ], "supportNote": "The record lists water access, toilets, schools and pharmacies on the first map, clinics among the points of interest, and the community-mapped crime 'Black Spots'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9e97ec9e22c61816", "field": "snippet", "text": "Map Kibera Trust, run from Kibera, later repeated the method in Mathare and Mukuru and added an SMS reporting site and a video news channel", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b5aebb1e36222455", "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1", "src-078a21ddec87f71b" ], "supportNote": "The operator states it replicated its model in Mathare and Mukuru and uses SMS and video; Participedia describes the SMS-based Voice of Kibera and the Kibera News Network video channel; Pánek notes the project is still based in Kibera.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ccb99c35ffa063a0", "field": "snippet", "text": "Digital Matatus mapped a transport network into GTFS and was university-led", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-edb76fac1428b626" ], "supportNote": "MIT describes Digital Matatus as a joint effort of MIT, Columbia University and the University of Nairobi that transferred matatu route data to GTFS.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-55292b2ff4b1a0f7", "field": "snippet", "text": "The founding claim that Kibera was blank — a blank spot or a forest on official maps — is the project's own framing, widely repeated since", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ca4bd55181549871", "src-b5aebb1e36222455" ], "supportNote": "The operator describes Kibera as previously a blank spot on the map, and Tactical Tech's case note repeats the 'blank spot or a forest on official maps' framing without citing a survey record.", "caveat": "No source tested the claim against Kenyan government survey records.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ac92a86503b8de91", "field": "snippet", "text": "the 2009 census counted 170,070 people across the eight locations that form Kibera", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-3bec0a91b81ae3a5" ], "supportNote": "The article reports the 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census figure of 170,070 across the eight locations forming Kibera.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b242eaf733912cb3", "field": "snippet", "text": "against circulating estimates ranging from half a million to over a million", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-3bec0a91b81ae3a5", "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1" ], "supportNote": "The Nation cites claims of half a million, a million and two million residents; Participedia itself states over 900,000.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-861f07c18610ceee", "field": "snippet", "text": "The most recent field mapping this atlas could confirm is from 2024", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-287e87728e0ada35" ], "supportNote": "The September 2024 talk describes current-day Kibera, where mappers are mapping street lights, waste disposal and schools.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-32ae49545820fe7d", "field": "impact", "text": "street-light mapping was followed by new street lights in Kibera", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-287e87728e0ada35" ], "supportNote": "The project's own talk abstract states it.", "caveat": "Self-reported by the project.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0e46df8be82a13fb", "field": "impact", "text": "mapping of waste management in Mukuru led to the placement of waste bins", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-287e87728e0ada35" ], "supportNote": "The project's own talk abstract states it.", "caveat": "Self-reported by the project.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fc7006ce987ec972", "field": "impact", "text": "school data led to a pilot solar installation", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-287e87728e0ada35" ], "supportNote": "The project's own talk abstract states it.", "caveat": "Self-reported by the project.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8967a50180793751", "field": "impact", "text": "KSh 37 million secured from the Ministry of Education for Kibera schools and a police post established after crime black spots were mapped", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1" ], "supportNote": "The case record, citing Hagen (2017) and Map Kibera (2010), reports 37 million shillings from the Ministry of Education for Kibera high schools and a new police post six months after black spots were mapped.", "caveat": "Both figures trace back to the project's own literature.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1b90138095668790", "field": "impact", "text": "the underlying 2017 Making All Voices Count report was written by Erica Hagen, the project's co-founder", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d5e3b46feab7b964" ], "supportNote": "The publication page names Erica Hagen as one of the initiators of Map Kibera and the author of the paper.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-820681fdf3281c8d", "field": "lesson", "text": "The data sits in OpenStreetMap under the ODbL, an open licence that anyone may reuse with attribution", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-76b9b903d62ec737" ], "supportNote": "The OSM Foundation states that data extracted from OpenStreetMap after September 2012 is licensed under ODbL 1.0.", "caveat": "The 2010 import predates the licence change and was contributed as public-domain data.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7d5098cd3cb49dcd", "field": "lesson", "text": "The recurring academic criticism is that the step from map to intervention is asserted rather than demonstrated", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1" ], "supportNote": "The case record, citing Hagen (2017) and Gigler & Bailur (2014), names as one of the biggest critiques that little evidence links interventions to Map Kibera.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-b5aebb1e36222455", "title": "Map Kibera Trust — About (operator)", "url": "https://www.mapkibera.org/about/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "mapkibera.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9e97ec9e22c61816", "clm-55292b2ff4b1a0f7" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The operator's own description: launched in 2009 with young residents creating the first digital map of Kibera, later replicated in Mathare and Mukuru; a citizen mapping, SMS, blogging and video project. The page carries no dates.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-287e87728e0ada35", "title": "State of the Map 2024, Nairobi — Mapping Kenya: 15 Years of Map Kibera and beyond", "url": "https://2024.stateofthemap.org/sessions/B3EH7D/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "2024.stateofthemap.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-861f07c18610ceee", "clm-32ae49545820fe7d", "clm-0e46df8be82a13fb", "clm-fc7006ce987ec972" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-09-07", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The project's own September 2024 conference session, and the source for the street-light, waste-bin and school-solar outcomes. It is the project's account, not an evaluation.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2ba958f9fbbfb0f1", "title": "Participedia — Map Kibera case record", "url": "https://participedia.net/case/7878", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "participedia.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a4b636788aa19406", "clm-347b057b26a2cb99", "clm-139904ce4d409238", "clm-69d1ecd89cb739ff", "clm-9e97ec9e22c61816", "clm-b242eaf733912cb3", "clm-8967a50180793751", "clm-7d5098cd3cb49dcd" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2021-12-09", "updatedAt": "2022-05-09", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Case record carrying the founding detail (late 2009, Hagen and Maron of GroundTruth, Jumpstart International funding, 13 mappers, first map in under a month, a UNICEF-funded second phase), the KSh 37 million Ministry of Education and police-post claims, and the recorded criticism that evidence linking the mapping to interventions is limited.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-078a21ddec87f71b", "title": "Pánek and Sobotová (2015), Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries — author's summary", "url": "https://geoparticipation.wordpress.com/2015/04/24/community-mapping-in-urban-informal-settlements-examples-from-nairobi-kenya/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "geoparticipation.wordpress.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9e97ec9e22c61816" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2015-04-24", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The author's summary of the article: an independent academic comparison of two Nairobi mapping projects: the community-based Map Kibera proved more sustainable than the researcher-led 'Map Kibera Project', which used closed formats and was led by Western researchers. Also the source for the general finding that the more demanding the technology, the less a community can take part. It does not address whether any authority used the data.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d5e3b46feab7b964", "title": "Making All Voices Count / IDS — Open mapping from the ground up: learning from Map Kibera (2017)", "url": "https://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/open-mapping-ground-learning-map-kibera/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "makingallvoicescount.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1b90138095668790" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2017-10-03", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Co-founder Erica Hagen's 2017 study of the project, based on interviews with staff, participants and data users; it reports increased resources and targeting by government and NGOs, and is not independent.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-76b9b903d62ec737", "title": "OpenStreetMap Foundation — Licence", "url": "https://osmfoundation.org/wiki/Licence", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "osmfoundation.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-820681fdf3281c8d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Data extracted from OpenStreetMap after September 2012 is under the Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0, with attribution and share-alike; before that, CC BY-SA 2.0. The 2010 Kibera import predates the transition and was described at the time as public-domain data contributed to OSM.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-3bec0a91b81ae3a5", "title": "Daily Nation — Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up", "url": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/myth-shattered-kibera-numbers-fail-to-add-up-735760", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "nation.africa", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-ac92a86503b8de91", "clm-b242eaf733912cb3" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2010-09-03", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports the 2009 census count of 170,070 across the eight locations forming Kibera and the census chief's statement that informal-settlement populations had been exaggerated.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ca4bd55181549871", "title": "Tactical Technology Collective — 10 tactics remixed: Map Kibera, Kenya", "url": "https://informationactivism.org/en/map-kibera-kenya.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "informationactivism.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a4b636788aa19406", "clm-55292b2ff4b1a0f7" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Tactical Tech's case note: dates the first map to November 2009, names Hagen and Maron and the thirteen participants with hand-held GPS, and records the four mapped categories and the 'blank spot or a forest on official maps' framing. The page carries no publication date.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-e93ef678b6f8cc99", "title": "OpenStreetMap Wiki — Nairobi (Map Kibera import)", "url": "https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Nairobi", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "wiki.openstreetmap.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-7bb32e7834e1ee01" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The OpenStreetMap community's Nairobi page records the date the Map Kibera data entered OpenStreetMap and that it was contributed as public-domain data. A continuously edited wiki page.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-edb76fac1428b626", "title": "MIT News — Digital Matatus project makes the invisible visible (26 Aug 2015)", "url": "https://news.mit.edu/2015/digital-matatus-project-makes-invisible-visible-0826", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "news.mit.edu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-ccb99c35ffa063a0" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2015-08-26", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "MIT's account of Digital Matatus as a joint project of MIT, Columbia University and the University of Nairobi that converted matatu route data to GTFS.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 18, "claimsMapped": 18, "sourcesTotal": 10, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 10, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }