{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "nagoya-nicos-flood-monitoring",
  "title": "NICOS — Nagoya City Flood-Fighting Information System",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/nagoya-nicos-flood-monitoring/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-09-27-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-09-27-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-09-27T09:14:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-09-27",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 6 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:23dfc61ec63c1d5db287109aa6e1cae5ae074eb3a62546fee4fcf8a22a0c573a",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-09-27",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:f41389c9e78eb4031bc63c42beae24fe959d00315bd5ec66be8ec8a06e1fb35f",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": null,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Nagoya City Crisis Management Bureau",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-a154a7745d02156c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Nagoya's Disaster Prevention and Crisis Management Bureau publishes current rainfall and river water-level readings for the city and its surroundings through NICOS, the Nagoya City Flood-Fighting Information System",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-65b63fe0c22a5b5f",
       "src-30a95d360b321098"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city page, maintained by the Disaster Prevention and Crisis Management Bureau, links the 'Nagoya City Flood-Fighting Information System (NICOS)' for checking rainfall and river levels where residents live; the city's official account describes it as showing 'rainfall and river water levels in the city and surrounding areas'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b90d3f8e0287994a",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "whose website was relaunched in March 2022",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-30a95d360b321098"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's official disaster-prevention account announced on 30 March 2022 that the NICOS website 'has been renewed'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-67f08fe1aecfb3f9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The city's disaster portal lists it alongside four separate feeds: the Water and Sewerage Bureau's pump-operation status, the city's road and river camera images, and the river pages of the national Shonai River Office and Aichi Prefecture",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-65b63fe0c22a5b5f"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The portal page lists five links: NICOS; the Water and Sewerage Bureau's rainwater information showing drainage-pump operation; the road/river monitoring system with city camera images; the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's Shonai River Office; and Aichi Prefecture's river disaster information.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-893d4b87a2e670dc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "NICOS itself only displays readings",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-65b63fe0c22a5b5f",
       "src-13c52925792740e0"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city describes NICOS as a site where rainfall and river levels 'can be viewed'; the dashboard offers maps of observed rainfall and water levels plus links to national weather warnings, with no control function for the public.",
      "caveat": "The dashboard also has a staff view that is not public; what it offers officials is not documented.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-48bd5173444c8e5d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Drainage pumps discharging into the Shonai, Yada, Shin, Nikko and Toda rivers are stopped when named gauges reach fixed heights, and the city issues evacuation information when it does so",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e3bb3cef822c1e6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city sets pump-adjustment rules for the Shonai, Shin, Nikko and Toda rivers — for example, pumping stations draining into the Shonai and Yada stop when the Biwajima Bridge gauge reaches T.P. 8.00 m — and states that because stopping pumps can worsen flooding, it issues evacuation information when it does so.",
      "caveat": "The page does not say whether the shutdown itself is automatic or carried out by staff.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3a5162ed1302702e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Evacuation orders for the larger rivers are issued when a reference water level is reached and the city's disaster headquarters judges it necessary",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a113b001c82ad9aa"
      ],
      "supportNote": "For the flood-forecast and water-level-notified rivers, the alert-level-4 criterion is that the reference water level is reached and, weighing forecast rainfall, the city's disaster (alert) headquarters deems an order necessary.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3ed3b9bcafda27fc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "on smaller rivers and drainage channels they follow pre-set criteria on water level, rainfall and gate closure",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a113b001c82ad9aa"
      ],
      "supportNote": "For the other rivers and drainage channels (Shinjizo, Namatana, Sakai and others), the city has set criteria based on river level, rainfall and the closing of water gates, and issues the order when they are met.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c5729ef706d120b0",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "On 8 September 2026 the city issued river-by-river evacuation orders from 16:10, and by 18:10 emergency-safety orders covered 1,172,102 people",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-abe11f2d6e8a4625"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's record lists orders by river from 16:10 on 8 September (elderly-evacuation for Mizuba, Hori and Shinhori rivers) and, at 18:10, emergency safety assurance for 607,879 households and 1,172,102 people.",
      "caveat": "The record shows what the city ordered, not what the orders were based on; no source ties a specific order to a NICOS reading.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f376568f0abbd1a8",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "As of 16 September the city recorded no deaths, 35 minor injuries and 279 homes flooded above floor level",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-abe11f2d6e8a4625"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's damage table as of 15:00 on 16 September shows zero deaths, 35 minor injuries and 279 buildings with above-floor flooding (preliminary figures).",
      "caveat": "Preliminary figures; the city marks them as provisional.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a137d61e67feae66",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Nagoya pins its pump shutdowns to gauge heights on named rivers and its evacuation orders to reference water levels plus a headquarters decision",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e3bb3cef822c1e6",
       "src-a113b001c82ad9aa"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The pump page fixes shutdown levels at named gauges; the alert-level-4 page ties orders on the larger rivers to a reference level and a headquarters decision.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-65b63fe0c22a5b5f",
      "title": "Nagoya City — rainfall/river water-level observation information",
      "url": "https://www.city.nagoya.jp/bousaiportal/jouhou/1036431/1013379.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "city.nagoya.jp",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-a154a7745d02156c",
       "clm-67f08fe1aecfb3f9",
       "clm-893d4b87a2e670dc"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "confirms NICOS is a city-operated system among five rainfall/water-level data sources shown to residents, alongside MLIT Shonai River Office and Aichi Prefecture feeds",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-13c52925792740e0",
      "title": "NICOS — Nagoya City Flood-Fighting Information System (live dashboard)",
      "url": "https://nagoya-city.mec-weather.jp/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nagoya-city.mec-weather.jp",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-893d4b87a2e670dc"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "the public-facing system itself",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-30a95d360b321098",
      "title": "Nagoya City Disaster Prevention (official account) — NICOS site renewal notice",
      "url": "https://x.com/nagoya_bousai/status/1509105831081832448",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "x.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-a154a7745d02156c",
       "clm-b90d3f8e0287994a"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2022-03-30",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "official city disaster-prevention account describing NICOS's purpose: check local rainfall/river levels ahead of evacuation decisions",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-a113b001c82ad9aa",
      "title": "Nagoya City — evacuation-order criteria for flood disasters (alert level 4)",
      "url": "https://www.city.nagoya.jp/bousaiportal/hinan/1013596/1013393.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "city.nagoya.jp",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-3a5162ed1302702e",
       "clm-3ed3b9bcafda27fc",
       "clm-a137d61e67feae66"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The city's criteria for alert-level-4 evacuation orders in flood disasters: for the larger rivers, a reference water level plus a decision by the city's disaster headquarters; for smaller rivers and channels, pre-set criteria on water level, rainfall and gate closure.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-6e3bb3cef822c1e6",
      "title": "Nagoya City — criteria for stopping drainage pumps, and evacuation",
      "url": "https://www.city.nagoya.jp/bousaiportal/hinan/1013596/1013395.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "city.nagoya.jp",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-48bd5173444c8e5d",
       "clm-a137d61e67feae66"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Sets the gauge heights at which drainage pumps discharging into the Shonai, Yada, Shin, Nikko and Toda rivers are stopped to protect the embankments, and states that the city issues evacuation information when it stops them.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-abe11f2d6e8a4625",
      "title": "Nagoya City — damage and evacuation record, heavy rain of 8 September 2026",
      "url": "https://www.city.nagoya.jp/bousaiportal/shien/1054060.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "city.nagoya.jp",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-c5729ef706d120b0",
       "clm-f376568f0abbd1a8"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The city's running record of the 8 September 2026 downpour: evacuation orders by time and river, the population covered, casualties and building damage (preliminary figures).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 10,
     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 6,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}