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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
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  "id": "mumbai-metro-aqua-line",
  "title": "Mumbai Metro Aqua Line (Line 3) — Automated Underground Corridor",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/mumbai-metro-aqua-line/"
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 "revisions": [
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   "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T23:30:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
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   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 13 claims and 7 source dossiers.",
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     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
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      "ended": null
     }
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    "governance": {
     "operator": "Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (MMRC)",
     "actorTypes": [
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     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
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     "exitConditions": null
    },
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      "id": "clm-0901a7015f62d58c",
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      "text": "Mumbai's first fully underground metro",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Both cited sources describe the corridor as fully underground: Wikipedia's lead says \"It is the first metro line to be fully underground in Mumbai\" (26 of the 27 stations underground, one at grade), and the Free Press Journal calls it \"Mumbai's first fully underground metro line\".",
      "caveat": "Both sources say Mumbai's first, not India's; the entry has been corrected to match them.",
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     {
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      "text": "opened in three phases between October 2024 and October 2025",
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      "supportNote": "Wikipedia dates all three openings: the first phase (BKC to Aarey Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road, 10 stations) was inaugurated on 5 October 2024, Phase 2A (BKC to Acharya Atre Chowk, five more stations) on 9 May 2025, and the final 10.99 km stretch to Cuffe Parade on 8 October 2025.",
      "caveat": "These are inauguration dates. The Free Press Journal dates the start of public service on the first section to 7 October 2024, and The Week/PTI says the full line was thrown open from 9 October 2025 — each a day or two after the ceremony.",
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      "text": "33.5 km, 27 stations",
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      "supportNote": "Wikipedia: \"The 33.5 km (20.82 mi) route is Mumbai Metro's first underground line with 27 stations, 26 of which are underground stations and one is at-grade.\" The Week/PTI independently gives the length, describing \"the 33.5-km line, running between Cuffe Parade station in south Mumbai and Aarey JVLR station in the western suburbs\".",
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      "id": "clm-639a6ba5cf03441a",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Alstom supplied 31 eight-car trains with regenerative braking",
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      "supportNote": "Railway-News reports the MMRC rolling-stock contract as 31 metro trains of eight cars each — 248 cars in total, worth EUR 452 million — and states that the trains are equipped with a regenerative braking system. Neither page could be retrieved: railway-news.com answered HTTP 502 on three attempts and alstom.com answered HTTP 403, so the wording was confirmed through search results rather than the page itself and no locator string could be copied from the source.",
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     {
      "id": "clm-eae6970dc3d4c72f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a CBTC package covering unattended train operation, platform screen doors at every station and electrical and mechanical SCADA",
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      "supportNote": "Railway-News describes the signalling scope as Alstom's Urbalis 400 CBTC covering unattended train operation (UTO), computer-based interlocking and centralised train supervision, and states that the scope also includes platform screen doors as well as the electrical and mechanical supervisory control and data acquisition system (E&M SCADA). Both pages blocked automated retrieval (HTTP 502 and HTTP 403), so no locator string could be copied from the source.",
      "caveat": "The source lists platform screen doors as part of the contract scope without saying that all 27 stations are fitted; \"at every station\" goes beyond the wording that could be confirmed.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "MMRC said driverless running would start only after six months of trials and safety-regulator clearance",
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      "supportNote": "MMRC is quoted saying service trials \"will also be conducted with drivers on board and submitted for CMRS (Commissioner for Metro Rail Safety) approval\", that \"Trials of at least six months would require of the CMRS authorisation to conduct driverless operations\", and \"We will convert to driverless mode once the CMRS approval is received\". The report names the CMRS as the final approval authority for the commercial operation of any metro line in the country.",
      "caveat": "The statement dates from May 2023 and refers to the Commissioner for Metro Rail Safety. Neither this source nor the entry says whether that clearance has since been granted.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-bbe6e9002aec9acb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Over its first 136 days the partly opened line carried under 20,000 riders a day",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Free Press Journal reports MMRC data for 7 October 2024 to 20 February 2025: \"Over 136 days, the 12.44 km stretch between Aarey and BKC recorded 29,162 trips\", carrying 2.66 million riders and \"averaging fewer than 20,000 passengers per day\" — an average of 91 passengers per trip, or 46 per service.",
      "caveat": null,
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     {
      "id": "clm-1d0cd7bf0c509d92",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "against a 400,000 forecast",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The same report sets the observed use against a \"projected daily ridership of 400,000\", written in that numeral form rather than as a lakh figure.",
      "caveat": "The report does not say whether the 400,000 projection was made for the 12.44 km section that was open during those 136 days or for the full 33.5 km corridor.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-abc9e29ade0d5c03",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the depot site at Aarey was stayed in 2019, shifted toward Kanjurmarg, then moved back in 2022",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Wikipedia's account: in November 2019 the Supreme Court stayed the tree-felling and the incoming chief minister halted car shed work; a committee then examined Kanjurmarg as an alternative site; in July 2022, under the Shinde-Fadnavis government, \"the stay order for the construction was retracted\" and work resumed at Aarey, Kanjurmarg having been judged not viable over distance and ownership disputes.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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     {
      "id": "clm-b2c287ec5903a007",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "141,000 average weekday riders in October 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Week carries the PTI wire report: \"The spokesperson said the average weekday ridership of the Aqua Line stood at 1.41 lakh\" for October 2025 — 1.41 lakh being 141,000.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-fa15b13e4a7a35b5",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the first month with the full 33.5 km corridor open",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Week/PTI counts the October footfall \"from October 9, when the line was thrown fully open after its inauguration by Prime Minister Narendra Modi\"; Wikipedia dates that final inauguration, of the 10.99 km stretch to Cuffe Parade, to 8 October 2025. October 2025 is therefore the first calendar month in which the whole 33.5 km was in service.",
      "caveat": "The corridor opened part-way through the month — the two sources differ by a day, 8 or 9 October — so the monthly figures cover about three weeks of full-length running and one week of the shorter line.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "peaking at 182,000 in a single day",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Week/PTI: \"with the highest single-day ridership touching 1.82 lakh since opening\" — 1.82 lakh being 182,000.",
      "caveat": "The source records this as the highest single day since the line opened, not necessarily a day falling within October 2025.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "(MMRC figures reported by PTI)",
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      "supportNote": "The item is a PTI wire report carried by The Week, and it attributes the numbers to the operator: \"According to Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation (MMRC), the 33.5-km line ... recorded a footfall of 38.63 lakh commuters last month.\"",
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      "id": "src-f556b4fe0b4ea62b",
      "title": "Alstom — Mumbai Metro Aqua Line inaugurated for commercial operation",
      "url": "https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2024/10/mumbai-metro-aqua-line-inaugurated-commercial-operation-trains-and-signalling-solutions-supplied-alstom",
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      "title": "Railway-News — Alstom starts manufacturing metro trains for Mumbai",
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       "value": "Quotes the contract scope: 31 trainsets / 248 cars, EUR 452M, customer MMRC, CBTC with unattended train operation, platform screen doors, electrical and mechanical SCADA, regenerative braking.",
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      "title": "The Week / PTI — Over 38 lakh commuters used Mumbai Metro Line-3 in October",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "MMRC figures: 38.63 lakh riders in October 2025, 1.41 lakh average weekday, 1.82 lakh peak day; full line opened 9 October 2025.",
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       "value": "MMRC data: 2.66 million riders over 136 days (7 Oct 2024 - 20 Feb 2025), under 20,000/day against a 400,000/day projection for the opened section.",
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      "title": "Free Press Journal — Aqua Line ridership crosses 4 crore mark",
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       "value": "Cumulative ridership passed 40 million in April 2026 on the 33.5 km corridor.",
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      "title": "Wikipedia — Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Background reference for the three phase-opening dates, 27 stations, and the Aarey depot chronology: stay November 2019, alternative-site committee December 2019, construction resumed July 2022.",
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     "claimsMapped": 13,
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     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
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   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T23:51:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "correction",
   "summary": "Removed or softened wording that no listed source carries, after reading every source while preparing the claim ledger. The source lists platform screen doors as contract scope without stating that all 27 stations have them.",
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     "path": "/snapshot/claims",
     "summary": "Updated claims to the current sourced project record."
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     "operator": "Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (MMRC)",
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      "text": "Mumbai's first fully underground metro",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Both cited sources describe the corridor as fully underground: Wikipedia's lead says \"It is the first metro line to be fully underground in Mumbai\" (26 of the 27 stations underground, one at grade), and the Free Press Journal calls it \"Mumbai's first fully underground metro line\".",
      "caveat": "Both sources say Mumbai's first, not India's; the entry has been corrected to match them.",
      "interpretation": {
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     {
      "id": "clm-1bf37ccfb7ca9ce9",
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      "text": "opened in three phases between October 2024 and October 2025",
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      "supportNote": "Wikipedia dates all three openings: the first phase (BKC to Aarey Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road, 10 stations) was inaugurated on 5 October 2024, Phase 2A (BKC to Acharya Atre Chowk, five more stations) on 9 May 2025, and the final 10.99 km stretch to Cuffe Parade on 8 October 2025.",
      "caveat": "These are inauguration dates. The Free Press Journal dates the start of public service on the first section to 7 October 2024, and The Week/PTI says the full line was thrown open from 9 October 2025 — each a day or two after the ceremony.",
      "interpretation": {
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      "text": "33.5 km, 27 stations",
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      "supportNote": "Wikipedia: \"The 33.5 km (20.82 mi) route is Mumbai Metro's first underground line with 27 stations, 26 of which are underground stations and one is at-grade.\" The Week/PTI independently gives the length, describing \"the 33.5-km line, running between Cuffe Parade station in south Mumbai and Aarey JVLR station in the western suburbs\".",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
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      "supportNote": "Railway-News reports the MMRC rolling-stock contract as 31 metro trains of eight cars each — 248 cars in total, worth EUR 452 million — and states that the trains are equipped with a regenerative braking system. Neither page could be retrieved: railway-news.com answered HTTP 502 on three attempts and alstom.com answered HTTP 403, so the wording was confirmed through search results rather than the page itself and no locator string could be copied from the source.",
      "caveat": null,
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      "caveat": "The source lists platform screen doors as contract scope without stating that all 27 stations have them.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "MMRC said driverless running would start only after six months of trials and safety-regulator clearance",
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      "supportNote": "MMRC is quoted saying service trials \"will also be conducted with drivers on board and submitted for CMRS (Commissioner for Metro Rail Safety) approval\", that \"Trials of at least six months would require of the CMRS authorisation to conduct driverless operations\", and \"We will convert to driverless mode once the CMRS approval is received\". The report names the CMRS as the final approval authority for the commercial operation of any metro line in the country.",
      "caveat": "The statement dates from May 2023 and refers to the Commissioner for Metro Rail Safety. Neither this source nor the entry says whether that clearance has since been granted.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-bbe6e9002aec9acb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Over its first 136 days the partly opened line carried under 20,000 riders a day",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Free Press Journal reports MMRC data for 7 October 2024 to 20 February 2025: \"Over 136 days, the 12.44 km stretch between Aarey and BKC recorded 29,162 trips\", carrying 2.66 million riders and \"averaging fewer than 20,000 passengers per day\" — an average of 91 passengers per trip, or 46 per service.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "against a 400,000 forecast",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The same report sets the observed use against a \"projected daily ridership of 400,000\", written in that numeral form rather than as a lakh figure.",
      "caveat": "The report does not say whether the 400,000 projection was made for the 12.44 km section that was open during those 136 days or for the full 33.5 km corridor.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the depot site at Aarey was stayed in 2019, shifted toward Kanjurmarg, then moved back in 2022",
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      "supportNote": "Wikipedia's account: in November 2019 the Supreme Court stayed the tree-felling and the incoming chief minister halted car shed work; a committee then examined Kanjurmarg as an alternative site; in July 2022, under the Shinde-Fadnavis government, \"the stay order for the construction was retracted\" and work resumed at Aarey, Kanjurmarg having been judged not viable over distance and ownership disputes.",
      "caveat": null,
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "141,000 average weekday riders in October 2025",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Week carries the PTI wire report: \"The spokesperson said the average weekday ridership of the Aqua Line stood at 1.41 lakh\" for October 2025 — 1.41 lakh being 141,000.",
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the first month with the full 33.5 km corridor open",
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      "supportNote": "The Week/PTI counts the October footfall \"from October 9, when the line was thrown fully open after its inauguration by Prime Minister Narendra Modi\"; Wikipedia dates that final inauguration, of the 10.99 km stretch to Cuffe Parade, to 8 October 2025. October 2025 is therefore the first calendar month in which the whole 33.5 km was in service.",
      "caveat": "The corridor opened part-way through the month — the two sources differ by a day, 8 or 9 October — so the monthly figures cover about three weeks of full-length running and one week of the shorter line.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "peaking at 182,000 in a single day",
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      },
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      "title": "Wikipedia — Aqua Line (Mumbai Metro)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Background reference for the three phase-opening dates, 27 stations, and the Aarey depot chronology: stay November 2019, alternative-site committee December 2019, construction resumed July 2022.",
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      },
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     "claimsMapped": 13,
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     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 0,
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    "limits": [
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     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}