{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "montreal-opus-card", "title": "OPUS Card and the ARTM's Regional Fare System", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/montreal-opus-card/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-10-05-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-10-05-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-10-05T22:27:48Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-10-05", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 14 claims and 10 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:8175d86e5509a33d306ac67252afd69dc9562bfcc2a588b38e881218229e82e0", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-10-05", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:668da83f91e259da83123f93876f2168238569dac3f3238bd72843cea8a3ccaa", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2008, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM); card accepted by the STM, exo, the RTL, the STL and the REM", "actorTypes": [ "utility" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": "ARTM (regional transit authority), Quebec public funding", "cost": "≈CAD 146M (Concerto ticketing replacement, incl. contingency)", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-f97a1814054e7ff0", "field": "snippet", "text": "The OPUS contactless card launched across Quebec transit in 2008", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-4e90df5d7e848cdf" ], "supportNote": "The STM's April 2008 release announces OPUS deployment from April 2008 to June 2009: students at the 2008 school start, regular customers in Montreal, Laval and Longueuil in November 2008.", "caveat": "The rollout ran from April 2008 to June 2009.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-16fb3f3832ede6af", "field": "snippet", "text": "is accepted by every operator in Greater Montreal — the STM, exo, the RTL, the STL and the REM", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-72b34e4f90a3922a" ], "supportNote": "The Opus card's infobox lists validity on Exo, the Réseau express métropolitain, the STM, the STL and the RTL.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7825df35f7e86f6a", "field": "snippet", "text": "Since the 2017 reorganisation the ticketing platform belongs to the ARTM", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-72b34e4f90a3922a", "src-47eef5188c6b964f" ], "supportNote": "Wikipedia: since the reorganisation effective 1 June 2017 the Opus ticketing system has been the property of the ARTM; the ARTM's Concerto page describes replacing 'la plateforme billettique OPUS' as its own project.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-92b129a49bebe76e", "field": "snippet", "text": "a reform rolled out from July 2021 to 2023 replaced 17 separate fare grids and more than 750 fare products with four zones", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-fa283d040a388aa8", "src-bfbe880a23d9a757" ], "supportNote": "The ARTM says that before the first phase in July 2021 the region had more than 750 distinct fare products across 17 fare grids, and that the reform uses four zones instead of eight, with phases in 2021, 2022 and 2023; Québec's 2022 release confirms the four-zone structure.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9d72a1c76e7edc93", "field": "snippet", "text": "Bank cards work only on the STL's Laval buses, which have taken credit cards since 2017 and fleet-wide since 2022", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e1b13daa9aba67d6", "src-773005ba1f81a75a" ], "supportNote": "The ARTM's pilot page calls the STL 'le premier organisme de transport au Canada à avoir offert, dès 2017, le paiement par carte de crédit'; Mass Transit reports in April 2022 that the STL now accepts credit cards on its entire bus fleet.", "caveat": "'Only' rests on the ARTM's Concerto roadmap, which still schedules network-wide bank-card payment for 2027.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3bc01279fa02bfa2", "field": "snippet", "text": "on nine exo bus lines north of the city where a two-year pilot began in December 2024", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e1b13daa9aba67d6" ], "supportNote": "The ARTM pilot, 'démarré en 2024, et prévu pour une durée de 2 ans', launched in December 2024 on exo's Saint-Jérôme local lines 100, 101, 102, 103, 105 and 107, line 9 and lines 23 and 24.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-09eebe88735239fe", "field": "snippet", "text": "A CAD 146M replacement programme, Concerto, contracted to Masabi", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-317d256087cd5977" ], "supportNote": "The ARTM announces a contract to the British company Masabi and says the project respects the approved budget envelope of 146 M$, contingency included.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-76e703f8c6c04943", "field": "snippet", "text": "is meant to bring contactless bank cards to the whole regular network in 2027, after tests in 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-47eef5188c6b964f" ], "supportNote": "The Concerto roadmap lists 2026 for virtual titles on phones and tests for bank-card payment, and 2027 for 'lancement du paiement par carte bancaire sur l'ensemble du réseau régulier du transport collectif'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f38ae01806b25a26", "field": "snippet", "text": "since July 2026 some Android users can validate a virtual OPUS at metro turnstiles", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9b7ac680578e7ec" ], "supportNote": "La Presse reports on 22 July 2026 that an update to the Chrono app extends virtual titles gradually to Android users, who can validate at metro turnstiles with their phone; iPhone users must wait.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c02091d62b1e5e3b", "field": "impact", "text": "Fare reform replaced 17 fare grids and more than 750 distinct fare products with 4 zones across the metropolitan region (ARTM)", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-fa283d040a388aa8" ], "supportNote": "The ARTM states the pre-reform region carried 'plus de 750 titres de transport distincts' across '17 grilles tarifaires', replaced by '4 zones tarifaires plutôt que 8'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-76d27970ce840ec5", "field": "impact", "text": "Single fare held at CAD 3.50 through the July 2022 phase", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-bfbe880a23d9a757" ], "supportNote": "Québec's release on the 1 July 2022 phase: 'Le tarif unitaire est maintenu à 3,50 $'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-129e32a239594619", "field": "impact", "text": "fares indexed about 3% on 1 July 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-da079efccdf4e700" ], "supportNote": "The ARTM says that from 1 July 2026 most fare products are indexed by an average of about 3%, with no increase for single-trip titles.", "caveat": "Single-trip fares were not increased in 2026.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f38bb0564360a1a6", "field": "lesson", "text": "Montreal cut its zones from eight to four between 2021 and 2023", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-fa283d040a388aa8" ], "supportNote": "The ARTM describes four zones instead of eight, introduced in phases from July 2021 to 2023.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4bba0c58875bbd57", "field": "lesson", "text": "yet in 2026 a bank card still works only on Laval's buses and a handful of suburban exo routes", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-47eef5188c6b964f", "src-e1b13daa9aba67d6", "src-773005ba1f81a75a" ], "supportNote": "The Concerto roadmap schedules network-wide bank-card payment for 2027; until then the ARTM documents the exo pilot lines, and the STL's own fleet-wide credit-card acceptance dates from 2022.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-47eef5188c6b964f", "title": "ARTM — Le projet Concerto", "url": "https://www.artm.quebec/le-projet-concerto/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "artm.quebec", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-7825df35f7e86f6a", "clm-76e703f8c6c04943", "clm-4bba0c58875bbd57" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Roadmap: 'Paiement par cartes bancaires dans certaines lignes d'autobus d'exo en couronne nord' (H2 2024), bank card payment network-wide plus 'mise en place du compte de mobilité' in 2026, alternative payment and post-payment in 2027. Also states the shift from a card-centric system to 'un compte client virtuel (compte centrique)', and that Concerto replaces 'la plateforme billettique OPUS'. Load-bearing source for the absence of open payment today.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-e1b13daa9aba67d6", "title": "ARTM — Projet pilote de paiement par carte bancaire chez exo", "url": "https://www.artm.quebec/grands-projets/projet-concerto/projet-pilote-de-paiement-par-carte-bancaire-chez-exo/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "artm.quebec", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9d72a1c76e7edc93", "clm-3bc01279fa02bfa2", "clm-4bba0c58875bbd57" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "'Démarré en 2024, et prévu pour une durée de 2 ans' — a two-year pilot launched December 2024. 'Payer avec une carte de crédit ou de débit, physique ou numérisée' on the Saint-Jérôme local lines '100, 101, 102, 103, 105 et 107, de la ligne 9 et des lignes 23 et 24'. Sole verified location of open-loop payment in the region.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-317d256087cd5977", "title": "ARTM — L'ARTM s'associe à Masabi pour développer une nouvelle solution billettique", "url": "https://www.artm.quebec/artm-s-associe-a-masabi-pour-nouvelle-solution-billettique/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "artm.quebec", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-09eebe88735239fe" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-07-16", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Authority's own statement of supplier and cost: 'L'Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM) annonce l'octroi un contrat à l'entreprise britannique Masabi'; 'Le projet respecte l'enveloppe budgétaire approuvée de 146 M$, incluant les fonds de contingence'; the platform 'prend en charge divers modes de paiement, notamment les cartes bancaires sans contact, les téléphones intelligents, les cartes à puce et les billets mobiles'.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-fa283d040a388aa8", "title": "ARTM — Refonte tarifaire", "url": "https://www.artm.quebec/financer/refonte-tarifaire/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "artm.quebec", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-92b129a49bebe76e", "clm-c02091d62b1e5e3b", "clm-f38bb0564360a1a6" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "'4 zones tarifaires plutôt que 8'; before the reform the region carried 'plus de 750 titres de transport distincts' across '17 grilles tarifaires'. Phases: July 2021 (zones C and D), 2022 (four zones region-wide), 2023 (24h and 3-day titles). Source of the impact figures.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-bfbe880a23d9a757", "title": "Gouvernement du Québec — La refonte tarifaire se déploie à Laval, Longueuil et Montréal le 1er juillet 2022", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/nouvelles/actualites/details/transport-collectif-la-refonte-tarifaire-se-deploie-a-laval-longueuil-et-montreal-le-1er-juillet-2022-39787", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "quebec.ca", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-92b129a49bebe76e", "clm-76d27970ce840ec5" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2022-04-28", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Independent confirmation of the phase-2 date and structure: 'L'Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM) déploiera la deuxième phase de la refonte tarifaire le 1er juillet 2022'; 'un découpage du territoire en quatre zones'; 'Le tarif unitaire est maintenu à 3,50 $'.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-da079efccdf4e700", "title": "ARTM — Grille tarifaire 2026-2027", "url": "https://www.artm.quebec/grille-tarifaire-2026-2027/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "artm.quebec", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-129e32a239594619" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-05-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Current fare year: 'À compter du 1er juillet 2026, la majorité des titres de transport feront l'objet d'une indexation moyenne d'environ 3 %'. Contains no mention of fare capping.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d9b7ac680578e7ec", "title": "La Presse — Des usagers d'Android peuvent maintenant valider un passage avec leur téléphone (22 July 2026)", "url": "https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/grand-montreal/2026-07-22/transport-collectif/des-usagers-d-android-peuvent-maintenant-valider-un-passage-avec-leur-telephone.php", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "lapresse.ca", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-f38ae01806b25a26" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-07-22", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Currency anchor, four days before review: some Android users can now validate a trip with their phone. This is a virtual OPUS title in the Chrono app, not a bank card. Article body blocked (403); headline and outlet verified by search, so treated as media-grade support only.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-4e90df5d7e848cdf", "title": "STM — Lancement de la carte OPUS dans les transports collectifs au Québec (2008)", "url": "https://www.stm.info/fr/presse/communiques/2008/lancement-de-la-carte-opus--------dans-les-transports-collectifs-au-quebec", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "stm.info", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-f97a1814054e7ff0" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2008-04-21", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Operator press release announcing the OPUS launch in 2008, with students served in autumn 2008 and regular customers in Montreal, Laval and Longueuil in November 2008. Basis for yearStart.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-72b34e4f90a3922a", "title": "Wikipedia — Opus card", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_card", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "en.wikipedia.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-16fb3f3832ede6af", "clm-7825df35f7e86f6a" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Weakest source, used only for two supporting details: the card follows the Calypso / ISO-IEC 14443 standard, and 'Following Montreal's public transport reorganization effective June 1, 2017, the Opus ticketing system has been the property of the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM), which has delegated its management to the STM.' The delegation detail is single-sourced and deliberately kept out of the entry fields.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-773005ba1f81a75a", "title": "Mass Transit — Credit card payments now accepted on all STL buses (13 Apr 2022)", "url": "https://www.masstransitmag.com/technology/fare-collection/press-release/21264027/societe-de-transport-de-laval-stl-credit-card-payments-now-accepted-on-all-stl-buses", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "masstransitmag.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9d72a1c76e7edc93", "clm-4bba0c58875bbd57" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2022-04-13", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "STL press release: 'now accepting credit card payments on its entire bus fleet', after introducing them on some buses five years earlier; supported and funded by the ARTM, with Flowbird and Moneris.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 14, "claimsMapped": 14, "sourcesTotal": 10, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 10, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }