{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "montevideo-stm-card", "title": "STM: Montevideo's Bus Fare Card and Its Open Trip Data", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/montevideo-stm-card/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-07-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-11-07-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-11-07T12:57:42Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-11-07", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 9 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:1a1a1e96bc7e63f96e498476003a22d76ecdca4df74f47482ce3bbd46822f368", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-11-07", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:67e9b7fbe988cdd44a3066c57f6e96f9d8b4f4a910266781bb1389bb46948e72", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2008, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Intendencia de Montevideo (STM card, data centre, Cómo Ir); buses run by Cutcsa, Coetc, Ucot and Come", "actorTypes": [ "city-government", "private" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": "The Intendencia de Montevideo runs the card system; the card is free the first time. The US$5 million for new on-board payment machines announced in 2024 was part of the city's fund for renewing the bus fleet.", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-28a5f14df2d2c66c", "field": "snippet", "text": "the Intendencia de Montevideo's fare card", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-cbdd987983d430d3" ], "supportNote": "The guide describes the card as the city's own system: the Intendencia sets the fare differential and the minimum top-up and runs the user offices.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f05af3f0f5117a22", "field": "snippet", "text": "run by four operators: Cutcsa, Coetc, Ucot and Come", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ee6c43f3f49eea7d" ], "supportNote": "Names the four companies that provide urban bus services in Montevideo.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4811b5555fd98709", "field": "snippet", "text": "the card and GPS on the buses arrived in 2008", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a123bb2439e1b903" ], "supportNote": "The city's own article dates the card system for bus tickets, with GPS on the buses, to 2008.", "caveat": "The engineering faculty's 2019 slides date the introduction of the STM to 2010; the 2008 date is the city's.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8796b4db219cd4bc", "field": "snippet", "text": "on 4 July 2009 the card became compulsory for the two-hour ticket", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e97e9ab9cffa37e3" ], "supportNote": "Reports that the card was made compulsory for buying the two-hour ticket on 4 July 2009.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-89cb42a69eefc92c", "field": "snippet", "text": "which allows unlimited rides on any company's buses within two hours", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-cbdd987983d430d3" ], "supportNote": "Describes the two-hour ticket as allowing travel on any company's buses with no limit on the number of buses for two hours.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e92e3338482d26ce", "field": "snippet", "text": "Riders validate the card only when they board.", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-77adfdded0fb5f9f" ], "supportNote": "The slides describe the STM as a tap-in system in which passengers validate the card only when boarding.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-60ea50caeadf9ad3", "field": "snippet", "text": "Since 2016 the buses' positions have been sent to the city's data centre in real time", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a123bb2439e1b903" ], "supportNote": "The city says bus location data have been transmitted in real time to its data centre since 2016.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5169f57f1eab3980", "field": "snippet", "text": "the city's Cómo Ir app shows them with estimated arrival times", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a123bb2439e1b903" ], "supportNote": "The city added live bus positions and arrival times to its existing Cómo Ir app, with a web version.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1bedf655e69a885b", "field": "snippet", "text": "The city publishes every trip recorded by the validation machines, by company, line, day, hour, user type and form of payment, as monthly open data", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c79a7824b6f4d3b4" ], "supportNote": "The dataset description says it contains all trips on the urban lines, by operating company, line, variant, day and hour, by user type and form of payment, from all records processed by the validation machines, loaded monthly.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-365aac21c28f2ad4", "field": "snippet", "text": "with files going back to November 2019", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c79a7824b6f4d3b4" ], "supportNote": "The earliest monthly file in the dataset is for November 2019.", "caveat": "Publication itself began in October 2020; the earlier months were added to the series.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c98770a7d750f381", "field": "impact", "text": "After the city made a cash fare cost two pesos more than a card fare from 13 November 2016", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-cbdd987983d430d3", "src-56e563331448a822" ], "supportNote": "From 13 November 2016 the cash fare rose to 30 pesos while card users kept paying 28; the January 2017 report describes the two-peso rise for those not using the card.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d32446afa9c02079", "field": "impact", "text": "the share of trips paid electronically rose from 13% to 26%, according to the city's mobility director", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-56e563331448a822" ], "supportNote": "Reports the mobility director saying electronic or postpaid payment rose from 13% in November to 26% in the latest data.", "caveat": "A figure given by the city to a radio station, not a published series.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c0df291710810104", "field": "impact", "text": "In a week of May 2023, about 87% of some 4.9 million trips were validated with the STM card", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-358b133843b48f57" ], "supportNote": "CINVE's note, based on a week of May 2023, counts about 4.9 million trips, about 87% of them validated with the STM card.", "caveat": "A share of trips paid by card is an adoption figure, not a measure of service quality.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c9e07c623247c84a", "field": "impact", "text": "according to an analysis by the research centre CINVE of data supplied by the city", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-358b133843b48f57" ], "supportNote": "The note thanks the Intendencia for supplying the data for a week of May 2023.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b359827b90744801", "field": "lesson", "text": "researchers working with Montevideo's card and GPS data have had to estimate origin-destination matrices", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-77adfdded0fb5f9f" ], "supportNote": "The slides list the estimation of origin-destination matrices as part of the research using bus GPS and card sales data.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a7581d07ef0237a1", "field": "lesson", "text": "In February 2024 the mayor said the bus companies would begin installing machines for paying by bank card or QR code from July", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ee6c43f3f49eea7d" ], "supportNote": "Reports mayor Cosse announcing that from July the companies would start installing new machines allowing payment by debit card, credit card and QR code as well as the STM.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-03616a1fef215520", "field": "lesson", "text": "in August 2026 the mobility director said the upgrade, letting riders pay on board with debit, credit or prepaid cards or a phone, is expected to be completed by mid-2027", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-80d4d079718d5810" ], "supportNote": "Reports mobility director Germán Benítez saying riders will be able to pay on board with debit, credit, prepaid cards or a phone, with the upgrade expected to be finished by mid-2027.", "caveat": "The 2024 date passed without the change; the 2027 date is a new announcement.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-a123bb2439e1b903", "title": "AGESIC — Datos y participación: transporte público en tiempo real (article by the Intendencia de Montevideo, 1 Mar 2019)", "url": "https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/noticias/datos-participacion-transporte-publico-tiempo-real", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gub.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4811b5555fd98709", "clm-60ea50caeadf9ad3", "clm-5169f57f1eab3980" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-03-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "An article written by the Intendencia de Montevideo and republished by the national e-government agency. It says a card system for bus tickets with GPS on the buses was introduced in 2008, that since 2016 bus positions have been transmitted in real time to the city's data centre, and that the city added live bus positions and arrival estimates to its existing Cómo Ir app.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-e97e9ab9cffa37e3", "title": "Montevideo Portal — Se pedirá tarjeta para boleto 1 hora (27 Jul 2009)", "url": "https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Noticias/Se-pedira-tarjeta-para-boleto-1-hora-uc88311", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "montevideo.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-8796b4db219cd4bc" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2009-07-27", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report that the STM card became compulsory for the two-hour ticket on 4 July 2009 and would soon be required for the one-hour ticket; the city's transport director said 320,000 cards had been issued, of which about 100,000 were in use.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-cbdd987983d430d3", "title": "El Observador — Las claves para usar la tarjeta STM en los ómnibus (26 Oct 2016)", "url": "https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/las-claves-para-usar-la-tarjeta-stm-en-los-omnibus-2016102613450", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elobservador.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-28a5f14df2d2c66c", "clm-89cb42a69eefc92c", "clm-c98770a7d750f381" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2016-10-26", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Guide to the card when the city introduced a cheaper card fare: the cash fare rose to 30 pesos from 13 November 2016 while card users kept paying 28; more than a million cards had been issued, fewer than 20% topped up regularly; the city set a minimum top-up of 150 pesos; the two-hour ticket allows unlimited buses of any company for two hours.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-56e563331448a822", "title": "El Observador — Aumentó uso de STM pero tres de cada cuatro usuarios sigue pagando en efectivo (11 Jan 2017)", "url": "https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/aumento-uso-de-stm-pero-tres-de-cada-cuatro-usuarios-sigue-pagando-en-efectivo-20171112010", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elobservador.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-c98770a7d750f381", "clm-d32446afa9c02079" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2017-01-11", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports the mobility director, Pablo Inthamoussu, saying electronic or postpaid payment rose from 13% of trips in November 2016 to 26% after the fare incentives, against a campaign promise to remove cash from buses within two years; 74% of users still paid the higher cash fare.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-358b133843b48f57", "title": "CINVE — ¿Quiénes sostienen el transporte público? Una perspectiva de género del STM, Nota Técnica 4 (3 Jun 2024)", "url": "https://cinve.org.uy/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/NT-4-GeTM-Decia_Rovira-Qui%C3%A9nes-sostienen-el-transporte-p%C3%BAblico.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "cinve.org.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-c0df291710810104", "clm-c9e07c623247c84a" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-06-03", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Technical note by the research centre CINVE, based on STM data for a typical week of May 2023 supplied by the Intendencia: about 4.9 million trips, about 87% (4.3 million) validated with the STM card, made by about 600,000 people, 62% of them women.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-77adfdded0fb5f9f", "title": "Facultad de Ingeniería, Udelar — Renzo Massobrio, Análisis de datos del sistema de transporte público de Montevideo (workshop, 5 Jun 2019)", "url": "https://www.fing.edu.uy/~renzom/uploads/Massobrio_IESTA.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "fing.edu.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e92e3338482d26ce", "clm-b359827b90744801" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-06-05", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Workshop slides from the engineering faculty of the Universidad de la República: buses carry GPS, passengers validate the STM card only when boarding (tap-in), the research used bus GPS and card sales data under an agreement with the city, and the work estimates origin-destination matrices and travel times. The slides date the STM to 2010.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-c79a7824b6f4d3b4", "title": "Intendencia de Montevideo, via Catálogo Nacional de Datos Abiertos — Viajes realizados en los ómnibus del Sistema de Transporte Metropolitano (dataset)", "url": "https://catalogodatos.gub.uy/dataset/viajes-realizados-en-los-omnibus-del-sistema-de-transporte-metropolitano-stm", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "catalogodatos.gub.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1bedf655e69a885b", "clm-365aac21c28f2ad4" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The city's open dataset of all trips on Montevideo's urban bus lines, by operating company, line, variant, day and hour, with boardings at every stop by user type, form of payment and number of legs, taken from all records processed by the validation machines. Monthly files run from November 2019; publication began in October 2020, under Uruguay's open-data licence.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ee6c43f3f49eea7d", "title": "El Observador — Pago con QR, débito y crédito: cuándo empiezan a regir cambios en el STM (27 Feb 2024)", "url": "https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/pago-con-qr-debito-y-credito-cuando-empiezan-a-regir-cambios-en-el-stm-2024227155439", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elobservador.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-f05af3f0f5117a22", "clm-a7581d07ef0237a1" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-02-27", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports mayor Carolina Cosse saying the bus companies would start installing new machines from July 2024 for paying by debit card, credit card or QR code as well as the STM card, at a cost of US$5 million that was part of the fund launched that month to renew the bus fleet.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-80d4d079718d5810", "title": "El Observador — Cómo funciona el sistema de pago con tarjetas de crédito, débito y prepaga que incorporarán los ómnibus de Montevideo (20 Aug 2026)", "url": "https://www.elobservador.com.uy/transporte-como-funciona-el-sistema-pago-tarjetas-credito-debito-y-prepaga-que-incorporaran-los-omnibus-montevideo-n6054725", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elobservador.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-03616a1fef215520" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-08-20", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports mobility director Germán Benítez announcing that riders will be able to pay on board with debit, credit or prepaid cards or a phone, without depending only on the STM card, and that the upgrade of the machines on the buses is expected to be completed by mid-2027.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 17, "claimsMapped": 17, "sourcesTotal": 9, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 9, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 8, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }