{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "montevideo-electric-buses", "title": "Montevideo's Electric Buses and Their Subsidy Reports", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/montevideo-electric-buses/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-07-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-11-07-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-11-07T12:57:46Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-11-07", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 14 claims and 6 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:c1b0e8c9d85952d571105f77ffc06f3be582ac38abe815606ea4489a2b211526", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-11-07", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:f190e777991e9fad77914c80f3198a77636d0c9cca7345abfc8da06ca6fceb29", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2020, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Urban bus operators CUTCSA, COETC, UCOT and COME (plus CODELESTE in Canelones); subsidy reporting by a technical commission of four ministries chaired by the MIEM", "actorTypes": [ "private", "national-government", "city-government" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "The first 32 buses were bought by the operators with a national subsidy under Article 349 of Law 19.670; from 2024 the city's transport fund, which placed debt of 248 million indexed units, finances further buses for the four urban operators.", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-934dada6c4fc6d63", "field": "snippet", "text": "began running electric buses in 2020", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-31929eaa5a383b4e" ], "supportNote": "Says 30 electric buses have operated in Montevideo since 2020.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fb0b6e59dbc23cf9", "field": "snippet", "text": "under a national subsidy created by Article 349 of Law 19.670, which allowed up to 4% of the national diesel bus fleet, about 120 buses, to be replaced", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "The report says Article 349 of Law 19.670 enabled the replacement through the subsidy of up to 4% (about 120 buses) of the national diesel fleet.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f21cba15f5640ec5", "field": "snippet", "text": "The first call subsidised 32 buses for five operators, 20 of them for CUTCSA", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "The report's table lists the first call's subsidies: CODELESTE 2, COETC 4, COMESA 3, CUTCSA 20, UCOT 3, total 32.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ffc4a5031396f57c", "field": "snippet", "text": "30 run in Montevideo and two in Canelones", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-31929eaa5a383b4e" ], "supportNote": "Says 30 electric buses operate in Montevideo and two more in Canelones.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e26a0ae9998923cc", "field": "snippet", "text": "the operators monitor the buses' routes and energy use and report them to a technical commission of four ministries", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a80697a2cc31144e" ], "supportNote": "Says that, as a condition of the subsidy, operators monitor the units' operation, analysing routes and energy used, and must give this information to the technical commission, which has members from four ministries.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0e6828f76fb04274", "field": "snippet", "text": "Decree 165/019 requires the periodic publication of the buses' operating data", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "The report says Decree 165/019 requires periodic publication of the electric buses' operating data and that the report is published in compliance with it.", "caveat": "The decree itself names an annual report with public main results.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-eb2e93276e74daa1", "field": "snippet", "text": "The commission's second annual report, published in March 2023, counted 1,928,520 km between June 2021 and May 2022 at an average of 0.88 kWh/km", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "The March 2023 report counts 1,928,520 km from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2022 and an average consumption of 0.88 kWh/km.", "caveat": "The kWh figure is the operators' total metered consumption, which can include minor other uses and charging losses; air conditioning was restricted for much of the period.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d00cef07112140c9", "field": "snippet", "text": "found the buses ended the day with at least 20% of battery left 99.6% of the time", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "Says that 99.6% of the time the buses reached the end of the day with 20% or more battery charge left.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-30c8bd97478bf0f4", "field": "snippet", "text": "In February 2024 the city launched a fund to finance new electric buses for its four urban operators", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ee6c43f3f49eea7d", "src-b59a1e4e43e32168" ], "supportNote": "The 2024 report describes the city's transport fund placing debt in early February to pass to Cutcsa, Coetc, Ucot and Come for new electric buses; the 2025 report calls it the fund launched in February 2024 by the municipal government.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-baedd945994cdd41", "field": "snippet", "text": "by October 2025 Montevideo had 177 electric buses out of 1,547", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b59a1e4e43e32168" ], "supportNote": "Says the electric fleet reaches 177 units out of 1,547 buses with the 50 new vehicles.", "caveat": "A figure given at the launch; the fleet total is not from a published register.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e5505b86512175e2", "field": "impact", "text": "Compared with a diesel bus doing 2.52 km per litre, the commission calculated that the electric buses avoided more than 770,000 litres of fuel between June 2021 and May 2022", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "The report compares the operation against a diesel vehicle doing 2.52 km/l and finds more than 770,000 litres of fuel were not consumed in June 2021–May 2022.", "caveat": "A modelled saving against an assumed diesel baseline, not a measured fall in fuel use.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ffdf9f3b47ff37d9", "field": "impact", "text": "The operators reported very low maintenance costs and fewer failures than expected, and named the time needed for charging and uncertainty about range as drawbacks", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "The report's 'additional comments' section records the operators highlighting very low maintenance costs and failures below expectations, and naming charging time and range uncertainty as negatives.", "caveat": "These are the operators' own comments; the report publishes no failure or availability figures.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a53a57c6d387796d", "field": "lesson", "text": "the commission's annual reports describe the first 32 subsidised buses in kilometres, kilowatt-hours and battery levels", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4" ], "supportNote": "The report covers the 32 subsidised buses and reports distance, energy and end-of-day battery levels.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-44e0baf27a2b0a30", "field": "lesson", "text": "The 50 buses added in October 2025 were presented with an estimate instead — about 31,000 litres of diesel saved per bus a year.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b59a1e4e43e32168" ], "supportNote": "The launch report says each electric bus allows about 31,000 litres of diesel a year to be saved.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-1f5cbebf3d121ba4", "title": "Comisión Técnica del subsidio a la compra de ómnibus eléctricos — Informe anual: operación de ómnibus eléctricos (Mar 2023)", "url": "https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-industria-energia-mineria/sites/ministerio-industria-energia-mineria/files/documentos/noticias/Segundo%20Informe%20anual%20buses%20el%C3%A9ctricos%202022_VF.PDF", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gub.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-fb0b6e59dbc23cf9", "clm-f21cba15f5640ec5", "clm-0e6828f76fb04274", "clm-eb2e93276e74daa1", "clm-d00cef07112140c9", "clm-e5505b86512175e2", "clm-ffdf9f3b47ff37d9", "clm-a53a57c6d387796d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Second annual report of the four-ministry technical commission on the 32 buses bought with the subsidy under Article 349 of Law 19.670 (up to 4% of the national diesel fleet, about 120 buses). Lists the operators (CODELESTE 2, COETC 4, COMESA 3, CUTCSA 20, UCOT 3); for June 2021–May 2022 it counts 1,928,520 km, total consumption of 2,114,999 kWh, an average 0.88 kWh/km (range 0.69 to 1.3), buses ending the day with 20% or more battery 99.6% of the time, and more than 770,000 litres of fuel avoided against a diesel bus doing 2.52 km/l. It also records the operators' comments on low maintenance costs, fewer failures than expected, charging time and range.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-a80697a2cc31144e", "title": "MIEM — Ómnibus eléctricos de Montevideo sustituyeron consumo de 300.000 litros de gasoil (31 Aug 2021)", "url": "https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-industria-energia-mineria/comunicacion/noticias/omnibus-electricos-montevideo-sustituyeron-consumo-300000-litros-gasoil", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gub.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e26a0ae9998923cc" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2021-08-31", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Ministry news on the commission's first results report: 30 electric buses in Montevideo ran more than 700,000 km in their first six months; as a condition of the subsidy, operators monitor routes and energy use and must give the information to the technical commission; line CE1 on 18 de Julio was fully electrified.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-31929eaa5a383b4e", "title": "MIEM — Ómnibus eléctricos evitaron consumo de 615.000 litros de combustible durante primer año (30 Nov 2021)", "url": "https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-industria-energia-mineria/comunicacion/noticias/omnibus-electricos-evitaron-consumo-615000-litros-combustible-durante-primer", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gub.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-934dada6c4fc6d63", "clm-ffc4a5031396f57c" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2021-11-30", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Ministry news on the first annual report: the 32 buses in Montevideo and Canelones ran more than 1.5 million km in their first twelve months at an average 1.11 kWh/km; 30 have operated in Montevideo since 2020 and two in Canelones; the commission is made up of four ministries.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-bb0305458e9b0fe1", "title": "IMPO — Decreto 165/019, reglamentación del subsidio a ómnibus eléctricos (17 Jun 2019)", "url": "https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos/165-2019", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "impo.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-06-17", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The decree regulating the electric-bus subsidy. Among the technical commission's duties it lists keeping a register of every bus bought with the subsidy and producing an annual report on the subsidy and making its main results public.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ee6c43f3f49eea7d", "title": "El Observador — Pago con QR, débito y crédito: cuándo empiezan a regir cambios en el STM (27 Feb 2024)", "url": "https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/pago-con-qr-debito-y-credito-cuando-empiezan-a-regir-cambios-en-el-stm-2024227155439", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elobservador.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-30c8bd97478bf0f4" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-02-27", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports that at the start of February 2024 the city's transport fund (Fideicomiso Financiero del Fondo de Financiamiento para la Renovación Tecnológica del Transporte Colectivo Urbano de Montevideo I) placed debt of 248 million indexed units, to be passed to Cutcsa, Coetc, Ucot and Come to buy new units (electric buses) and technology.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-b59a1e4e43e32168", "title": "El Observador — Montevideo suma 50 nuevos ómnibus eléctricos (21 Oct 2025)", "url": "https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nacional/montevideo-suma-50-nuevos-omnibus-electricos-cutcsa-anuncia-que-proximamente-se-incorporaran-60-unidades-mas-n6021632", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elobservador.com.uy", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-30c8bd97478bf0f4", "clm-baedd945994cdd41", "clm-44e0baf27a2b0a30" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-10-21", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-07", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports CUTCSA presenting 50 new BYD electric buses bought under the transport fund launched by the city in February 2024; with them Montevideo's electric fleet reaches 177 of 1,547 buses, and CUTCSA announced 60 more; each electric bus is said to save about 31,000 litres of diesel a year.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 14, "claimsMapped": 14, "sourcesTotal": 6, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 5, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }