{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "milan-areac-congestion",
  "title": "Area C ANPR Automated Congestion Boundary",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/milan-areac-congestion/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-26-p1-quality-uplift",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-26-p1-quality-uplift",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-26T14:00:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 6 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:936938d41e51a0e8522fe34f55eb7545f5e3434ec43e2bf6a9223a373a472f3e",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-26",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:e532057b4a570af1557e11edbf5517f390dd46a4b3a016c1857f9e3c2309c631",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2012,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Comune di Milano",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-4f5258a3706b9659",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Milan's Area C uses 43 automatic number-plate recognition gates to charge and restrict polluting vehicles entering the 8.2 km² historic centre, running since January 2012",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e1be145bb8bf92cc",
       "src-8587c9919c150307",
       "src-3b9510ebcc62945a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's own page describes Area C as 'a limited traffic zone in central Milan that requires a fee to enter. Entry is regulated by electronic gates that detect vehicle license plates.' The gate count, the zone area and the January 2012 start are the standing record in the reference account and the case study.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9658ed7ebe918b2b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Toll revenue funds bike lanes, pedestrian streets and the BikeMi bike-share network",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-3b9510ebcc62945a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The C40 case study describes the hypothecation of Area C revenue to sustainable mobility in the city, including cycling infrastructure and the bike-share network.",
      "caveat": "The case study is bot-walled to automated reading; the hypothecation is its standing account of the scheme and no locator string is recorded.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3a3894409b011f7b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "city data show in-zone congestion down about 28% and CO2 emissions down about 35%",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-3b9510ebcc62945a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The C40 case study reports the city's own measured reductions for the zone.",
      "caveat": "Figures the city measured and C40 republished; the page blocks automated reading, so no locator string is recorded.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4159938a1749c6d0",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "a 28% drop in in-zone congestion, a 49% drop in the most polluting vehicles (-2,400/day, cleaner-vehicle share up from 9.6% to 16.6%), and roughly 35% lower CO2 and 18% lower NOx since introduction",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-3b9510ebcc62945a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The full set of figures as published in the C40 case study of Area C, all of them the city's own measurements for the charged zone.",
      "caveat": "All of these are the city's own figures, republished by C40. The page blocks automated reading, so no locator string is recorded, and no independent evaluation was found for this entry.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8c8cf183dfdc8541",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Milan publishes a calendar of vehicle-class bans running to 2030",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e1be145bb8bf92cc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's page offers, under Area C, the 'Calendar of Prohibitions': 'For each type of permitted vehicle, you can view the schedule of bans based on the vehicle class expected until 2030.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-67c89f33cf03bfa3",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the ban on Euro 2-3 two-stroke and diesel mopeds and on Euro 0-1-2 four-stroke ones is now postponed to 1 October 2027",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e1be145bb8bf92cc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Verbatim from the city's page: 'The entry into force of the environmental ban for the following vehicle categories will be postponed to October 1, 2027: Euro 2-3 class two-stroke motorcycles and mopeds; Diesel motorcycles and mopeds of Euro 2-3 class; Four-stroke petrol-powered motorcycles and mopeds of Euro 0-1-2 class.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-e1be145bb8bf92cc",
      "title": "Comune di Milano — Area C (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.comune.milano.it/en/argomenti/mobilita/area-c",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "comune.milano.it",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-4f5258a3706b9659",
       "clm-8c8cf183dfdc8541",
       "clm-67c89f33cf03bfa3"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The city's own service page: how Area C works, its hours, and the calendar of vehicle-class bans with the postponements applied to it.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-d88247a2831a1c10",
      "title": "Area C Milano guide (independent reference)",
      "url": "https://www.areacmilano.it/en",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "areacmilano.it",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent third-party guide (not a Comune di Milano property) with zone map, hours, payment and ANPR gate detail.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-8587c9919c150307",
      "title": "Wikipedia (reference)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Area_C",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "en.wikipedia.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-4f5258a3706b9659"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Background on the 2012 pilot launch, 2013 permanent approval, ANPR gates and scope; clarifies Area C is a congestion charge, not a low-emission zone.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-3b9510ebcc62945a",
      "title": "C40 Cities — case study (independent case study)",
      "url": "https://www.c40.org/case-studies/milan-s-area-c-reduces-traffic-pollution-and-transforms-the-city-center/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "c40.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-4f5258a3706b9659",
       "clm-9658ed7ebe918b2b",
       "clm-3a3894409b011f7b",
       "clm-4159938a1749c6d0"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "International city-network case study citing Comune di Milano data: congestion, pollution and cyclist/pedestrian space impact figures.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 6,
     "claimsMapped": 6,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 0,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}