{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "milan-area-b-lez",
  "title": "Area B — Milan's Low-Emission Zone",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/milan-area-b-lez/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T14:07:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-25",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 12 claims and 3 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:9f508a91eb120b7fc21318edad92a6de53db742a94825b5cf5a6e109ef61fdf5",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-25",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:436a03f403fdbb0a8155dd8802bac659a8bf5ebd78e6d96bdc4f9560821dbe56",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2019,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Comune di Milano",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-13d33a1d42e4e058",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Launched on 25 February 2019",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bd0277d93ea5dda9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Urban Access Regulations is a reference database built under the EU Horizon 2020 ReVeAL project (run by Sadler Consultants and partners); its Milan Area B entry note explicitly claims a '25 Feb 2019 start'. But the page's article body is not static HTML — it is a placeholder div (`data-cityname=\"Milano Area B\"`) filled in by client-side JavaScript that this fetch cannot execute, so the actual figure could not be read directly. The operator's own page (comune.milano.it) does not state an exact launch date in its current, redesigned form; its earliest listed 2019 legal acts (Managerial Resolution 54 of 18.02.2019, Resolution 524 of 29.03.2019, DGC 818 of 17.05.2019) are consistent with an early-2019 rollout but none is dated exactly 25 February.",
      "caveat": "This page could not be rendered by an automated fetch (its content loads via JavaScript); the exact date has not been independently confirmed against the source text itself.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a639d51b562a4e65",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Area B is Italy's largest low-emission zone",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "POLIS Network's own headline states this verbatim: \"Milan launches Area B, Italy's largest Low-Emission Zone\". POLIS is the EU cities-and-regions transport network, not the operator, but this is a direct, quotable superlative claim from an independent professional network, not something the entry invented.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-49df55cfd9423c5c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "covering about 72% of Milan's territory",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "POLIS Network states: \"The 'Area B'... covers about 72% of the entire municipal territory.\" Exact match for the percentage.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5259bf54e18a8f04",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "128 km²",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bd0277d93ea5dda9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The entry's own source note for Urban Access Regulations claims '128.29 km²/~72%' — matching this figure closely. As with the launch date, the page's descriptive content loads via client-side JavaScript and could not be read by this fetch, so the figure is not independently confirmed against the rendered text. The operator's current page and POLIS Network's article do not give a km² figure at all.",
      "caveat": "This page could not be rendered by an automated fetch; the square-kilometre figure has not been independently confirmed against the source text itself.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-33203b81e25b41d0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "roughly 98% of its residents",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "POLIS Network states: \"Area B covers an area of almost 1.4 million inhabitants, or 97.6% of the city's resident population.\" The entry rounds 97.6% up to 'roughly 98%'.",
      "caveat": "The source's precise figure is 97.6%, not 98% — \"roughly\" covers the rounding, but the underlying number is a fraction of a point lower.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ec3209e74fcd330b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A network of some 180+ ANPR camera gates",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bd0277d93ea5dda9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The entry's own source note claims Urban Access Regulations documents 'camera-gate enforcement'. As with the other Urban Access Regulations figures, the page's descriptive content is loaded by client-side JavaScript this fetch could not execute, so the gate count could not be read directly. Neither the operator's current page nor POLIS Network's 2019 article states a specific camera-gate count.",
      "caveat": "This page could not be rendered by an automated fetch; the gate count has not been independently confirmed against the source text itself, and the operator's own current page does not publish a gate total.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-e30a3cde78b6e3c2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "automatically enforces a progressively tightening ban on the most-polluting vehicles",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "POLIS Network: \"Progressive bans will follow for other classes of passenger and freight vehicles until 2030, when all diesel vehicles will be banned in Milan.\" This supports the progressive, tightening structure of the ban. The operator's own calendar page (linked from the Area B page) likewise lists successive ban tiers scheduled out to 2030.",
      "caveat": "Neither source uses the word \"automatically\" — that the cameras enforce the ban without manual intervention is implied by the camera-gate mechanism described elsewhere in the sources, not asserted in these exact words.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1a2fd640d9c94a68",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "oldest petrol and diesel classes first",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "POLIS Network: \"Gasoline-powered vehicles Euro 0 and diesel-powered Euro 0, 1, 2 and 3 will be denied access to Area B from Monday to Friday.\" Confirms the oldest classes were banned first.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1dcc0aa505bee0f8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "then Euro 4 diesel from October 2019",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "POLIS Network states directly: \"On 1 October 2019, Euro 4 diesel vehicles – which have been banned from the more central 'Area C' since 2017 – will be banned in the Area B.\"",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-552a8f83563282d3",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A MoVe-In mileage-monitoring scheme lets drivers of otherwise-banned vehicles keep limited access",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bd2ceef106dec93d"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's own Area B page links to the scheme under the label \"MoVe-In, alternative to exemptions for Area B\", confirming the programme exists and is framed by the operator as a route to continued access. The page does not itself explain the mileage-cap/black-box mechanics (that detail sits on the separate Lombardy region MoVe-In portal, which is not one of this entry's sources).",
      "caveat": "\"Alternative to exemptions\" is not the same as \"for exempted drivers\" — MoVe-In is a route to limited access for vehicles that are NOT exempt (i.e. would otherwise be banned), based on an annual mileage cap tracked by an in-car device, not an extra allowance layered on top of an existing exemption.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-65f9c85323492ad0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Unlike the small central Area C",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "POLIS Network describes Area C as \"the more central 'Area C'\", confirming its central location relative to Area B.",
      "caveat": "The source confirms Area C is more central, but no listed source quantifies it as \"small\" — that characterisation rests on the size contrast with Area B's 72%/128 km² coverage rather than a stated figure for Area C itself.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-62e05c9a51ba7f12",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Area B is a free zone — no charge, only eligibility by emissions class",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bd2ceef106dec93d"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's own Area B page states plainly: \"No payment is required for admitted vehicles.\" Access is instead governed by which emissions class of vehicle is allowed at a given time.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-bd2ceef106dec93d",
      "title": "Area B — Comune di Milano (official)",
      "url": "https://www.comune.milano.it/en/argomenti/mobilita/area-b",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "comune.milano.it",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-552a8f83563282d3",
       "clm-62e05c9a51ba7f12"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": "2026-06-16",
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator page: zone purpose, coverage, camera enforcement and phased ban calendar.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-d3261d75bd14b8b1",
      "title": "Milan launches Area B, Italy's largest Low-Emission Zone — POLIS Network",
      "url": "https://www.polisnetwork.eu/news/milan-launches-area-b-italys-largest-low-emission-zone/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "polisnetwork.eu",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-a639d51b562a4e65",
       "clm-49df55cfd9423c5c",
       "clm-33203b81e25b41d0",
       "clm-e30a3cde78b6e3c2",
       "clm-1a2fd640d9c94a68",
       "clm-1dcc0aa505bee0f8",
       "clm-65f9c85323492ad0"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-03-07",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent EU cities network: confirms 2019 launch, ~72% coverage and 'largest LEZ' framing.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-bd0277d93ea5dda9",
      "title": "Milano LEZ Area B — Urban Access Regulations",
      "url": "https://urbanaccessregulations.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/italy-mainmenu-81/milano-lez-area-b",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "urbanaccessregulations.eu",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-13d33a1d42e4e058",
       "clm-5259bf54e18a8f04",
       "clm-ec3209e74fcd330b"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent reference: 25 Feb 2019 start, 128.29 km²/~72%, camera-gate enforcement, ban schedule.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 12,
     "claimsMapped": 12,
     "sourcesTotal": 3,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}