{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "melbourne-solar-smart-bins",
  "title": "Melbourne's Solar-Powered Smart Litter Bin Network",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/melbourne-solar-smart-bins/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T22:03:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-01",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:d5b3f189cf8ecd0656422f4c65d976a28c4c518d71c6f628d435bab865f8c852",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-01",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:38dffa16efbba78ae5d2024f444a2b97573aee4176766a0daa054ce165696108",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "City of Melbourne (technology: Ecube Labs CleanCUBE, following an earlier Bigbelly pilot)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-22e7d884cac411df",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Melbourne has replaced standard CBD litter bins with solar-powered compacting bins",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623",
       "src-e83eb52d9276d3f5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "CBD News reports the swap directly: \"the council has replaced 772 litter bins in the CBD with 397 solar smart bins\". Ecube Labs describes the same programme, saying \"the city started replacing their existing public litter bins with CleanCUBE solar-powered waste compactors in high use areas of the central city in February 2018\".",
      "caveat": "Neither source says every standard bin in the CBD was replaced. Both describe a swap in high-use central-city locations, and the council still runs conventional litter bins elsewhere.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-dd54836ff8a8635c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "that alert crews only near capacity",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623",
       "src-a0dc4905bdf02ba7"
      ],
      "supportNote": "CBD News describes the threshold: the notification system \"sends an alert either when the bin hits 70 per cent capacity, or when there is a blockage\". Sustainability Matters quotes Lord Mayor Robert Doyle on the pilot bins: \"A contractor is then alerted when the bin is 70% full and needs emptying within the hour.\"",
      "caveat": "The trigger is 70 per cent full rather than full, and an alert can also be raised by a blockage rather than by fill level. CBD News adds the limit of the mechanism: a bin whose battery is flat sends no alert at all, so it stays overflowing until a passer-by or an officer reports it.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-937236e0a9f6f1bb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A 2018 rollout of 397 CleanCUBE units (Ecube Labs)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e83eb52d9276d3f5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The manufacturer dates and sizes the rollout: the city began installing CleanCUBE compactors \"in high use areas of the central city in February 2018\", and by the article's date \"SCS has already installed 397 CleanCUBEs in Melbourne\".",
      "caveat": "This is the manufacturer's own account of its product. It also records that the units were installed by Smart City Solutions, its Australian distribution partner, and that the pilot preceding this rollout ran in late 2017 — not the 2015 trial named at the start of this entry.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-87f406a93aafdab0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "replaced 772 old bins",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623",
       "src-e83eb52d9276d3f5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both sources give the same figure independently of one another. Ecube Labs: \"SCS has already installed 397 CleanCUBEs in Melbourne to replace 772 existing litter bins in the city's CBD area.\" CBD News: \"the council has replaced 772 litter bins in the CBD with 397 solar smart bins\".",
      "caveat": "CBD News names neither the supplier nor the product, so the two accounts agree on the count while only the manufacturer ties it to CleanCUBE.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9f2fdf026a294a0f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the fleet has since grown to about 450",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0c6a29df7dd85bb6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The council's current litter page states that there are almost 450 solar compactor bins in the City of Melbourne, listed alongside 230 public recycling bins, 2000 public litter bins and 500 cigarette butt bins. The page refuses automated requests, so its wording was confirmed through a search engine's copy of it rather than read on the site; that is why no locator string is given here.",
      "caveat": "The council counts solar compactor bins across the whole municipality and includes the yellow recycling compactors, so this figure is not the 397 CBD litter units plus growth. The page carries no date, so it does not say when the fleet reached this size.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-caf9b78299954a7e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Public-bin collections across the City of Melbourne fell from about 93,000 to 14,500 per month after the rollout",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The newspaper reports the figures as council data: \"Public collections have dropped from 93,000 to 14,500 per month across the City of Melbourne, resulting in far fewer trucks entering the CBD.\"",
      "caveat": "The source counts collections across the whole City of Melbourne, not the CBD alone, and the numbers were supplied by the council rather than measured independently.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6692400c2354fd9c",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "most collections moved to overnight hours",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623",
       "src-e83eb52d9276d3f5"
      ],
      "supportNote": "A council spokesperson told CBD News: \"The majority of collections take place overnight, resulting in almost all public litter bin waste trucks removed from the central city during the day.\" Ecube Labs says the same of its units: where the old bins \"had to be collected multiple times per day, the new CleanCUBEs have been collected only once overnight on average\".",
      "caveat": "Both accounts come from parties with an interest in the result — the council and the manufacturer — and neither publishes the collection records behind them. CBD News also reports the cost of the shift: waste trucks reversing up Hosier Lane in the early hours of the morning.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-62bc5aa72363a6b5",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "a roughly 85% cut in truck visits",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The figure is in the article, not derived here: \"new figures revealing that bin-collecting truck movements have dropped 85 per cent since their introduction\".",
      "caveat": "In the source the 85 per cent is the fall in bin-collecting truck movements overall, not in daytime visits specifically; the daytime point is made separately and without a figure. The number is council data reported by the paper rather than an independent count.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a4acc038b35bad75",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "failed to keep batteries charged, disabling compaction and fill alerts",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623"
      ],
      "supportNote": "CBD News reports both the failure and its consequence: \"A number of the self-compacting bins ... have experienced power failures after their solar batteries failed to charge. As a result, the compactor and notification technology also failed.\" It adds what that means on the street: \"Without a notification, the bins remain overflowed unless manually alerted by an officer or passers-by.\"",
      "caveat": "The article says a number of bins were affected but does not say how many, and it does not state why the batteries failed to charge.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-715921a619e89533",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the city had to relocate affected bins to areas with greater direct sunlight",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6e942452a9e9f623"
      ],
      "supportNote": "A council spokesperson confirmed the move to the paper: \"A selection of solar smart bins have recently been relocated to areas with greater direct sunlight to ensure their batteries stay charged.\" The article opens on the same point, saying the council \"has recently moved a number of the solar-powered units into the sunshine\".",
      "caveat": "The council says a selection of bins was moved, not that every affected bin was relocated, and it presents the move as a measure it chose rather than one it was forced into.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-6e942452a9e9f623",
      "title": "CBD News — Council sees the light with solar bins",
      "url": "https://www.cbdnews.com.au/council-sees-the-light-with-solar-bins/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "cbdnews.com.au",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-22e7d884cac411df",
       "clm-dd54836ff8a8635c",
       "clm-87f406a93aafdab0",
       "clm-caf9b78299954a7e",
       "clm-6692400c2354fd9c",
       "clm-62bc5aa72363a6b5",
       "clm-a4acc038b35bad75",
       "clm-715921a619e89533"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-04-24",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-01",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent local press, Apr 2019 — 397/772 figures, collection-volume drop, battery-failure caveat",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-e83eb52d9276d3f5",
      "title": "Ecube Labs — Melbourne Combats Littering with Ecube's Smart Bins",
      "url": "https://www.ecubelabs.com/melbourne-combats-littering-with-ecubes-smart-bins/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ecubelabs.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-22e7d884cac411df",
       "clm-937236e0a9f6f1bb",
       "clm-87f406a93aafdab0",
       "clm-6692400c2354fd9c"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-09-20",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-01",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Vendor account of the CleanCUBE rollout, Sept 2018 — confirms 397/772 and Feb 2018 start",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-a0dc4905bdf02ba7",
      "title": "Sustainability Matters — BigBelly bins come to Melbourne",
      "url": "https://www.sustainabilitymatters.net.au/content/waste/news/bigbelly-bins-come-to-melbourne-1079917928",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "sustainabilitymatters.net.au",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-dd54836ff8a8635c"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2016-03-30",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-01",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade press, Mar 2016 — original 6-bin Bigbelly pilot, cost and capacity",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-0c6a29df7dd85bb6",
      "title": "City of Melbourne — Reducing litter",
      "url": "https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/reducing-litter",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "melbourne.vic.gov.au",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9f2fdf026a294a0f"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-01",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Official current page — current fleet size (~450 solar compactor bins); direct fetch returned 403, content confirmed via search-engine snippet",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 10,
     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}