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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
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  "id": "manila-ncap-enforcement",
  "title": "No-Contact Apprehension Policy Camera Enforcement",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/manila-ncap-enforcement/"
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 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-source-dates",
 "revisions": [
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   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T11:15:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
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   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 7 claims and 9 source dossiers.",
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     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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    {
     "operation": "add",
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     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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     "outcome": "scaled-back",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2020,
      "ended": 2022
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "City Government of Manila, with QPax Traffic Systems Inc. as contractor",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government",
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "ppp",
     "fundingDescription": "Vendor-financed joint venture; the contractor was paid out of a share of the fines collected",
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     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The cameras and the billing were run by a private contractor, QPax Traffic Systems, which took 60 to 70 percent of every fine collected across the five participating cities",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The report states at sentence level that the scheme is operated by a private firm, QPax Traffic Systems, which receives between 60 and 70 per cent of the fines collected by the participating cities, and names the five cities.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The Supreme Court restrained Manila and four neighbours on 30 August 2022",
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      "supportNote": "The report states the original scope and date of the 30 August 2022 restraining order and records that transport groups were the petitioners. It also supports the intermediate step: in May 2025 only the metropolitan authority was allowed to resume, on major thoroughfares, while the five cities' own ordinances stayed restrained.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "It lifted that order in 2026 only as moot, without ruling the ordinances lawful",
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      "supportNote": "The court's own release on the decision promulgated 3 June 2026 and announced 9 July 2026 dismisses the consolidated petitions against the five cities' ordinances as moot and lifts the 30 August 2022 restraining order. The trade report sets out the grounds — mootness plus standing, exhaustion, hierarchy of courts and forum-shopping — and quotes the decision expressly declining to rule the ordinances valid. A second outlet independently confirms the disposition.",
      "caveat": "The court's own page returned an error to automated fetching; its contents were cross-checked against three independent outlets.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Manila's own scheme has not restarted",
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      "supportNote": "The restraining order is fully lifted but the old city ordinances are superseded by the 2023 Metro Manila Traffic Code, the metropolitan authority enforces under that code, and it is not established that any of the five cities have restarted their own programmes.",
      "caveat": "A negative finding: the sources establish that no restart is documented, not that none occurred.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "text": "Manila Police District figures reported in the press put traffic violations down about 90 percent and road crashes down about 62 percent in the programme's first year, 2021",
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      "supportNote": "The sole source for both figures, attributed to Manila Police District data for 2021.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "No independent evaluation was found, and the city has published no verified total for notices issued or fines collected",
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      "supportNote": "The only published performance figures are police-supplied and press-relayed. The one state audit of the same contractor's arrangement examined a neighbouring city, not Manila, and produced no notice or fine totals for Manila.",
      "caveat": "A negative finding across the sources reached. The audit is deliberately not attributed to Manila.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "paying the camera operator out of the fines creates a new party with a financial stake in how many tickets get written",
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      "supportNote": "The contractor received 60 to 70 per cent of every fine collected. State auditors examining the same contractor's joint venture in a neighbouring city found no proof it had met its 49.5 million peso capital obligation, late-remittance penalties running only against the city, the contractor's project manager controlling the joint account, and fines set above national rates.",
      "caveat": "The audit concerns Quezon City, not Manila, and is cited as independent scrutiny of the revenue-share model rather than as a finding about Manila's own contract.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "src-ca7f89122f763574",
      "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines — the court dismisses the petitions against camera enforcement",
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       "value": "Primary. The court's own release on the decision promulgated 3 June 2026 and announced 9 July 2026: the consolidated petitions against the ordinances of Manila, Quezon City, Valenzuela, Parañaque and Muntinlupa are dismissed as moot and the 30 August 2022 restraining order is lifted. Page returned 503 to automated fetching; contents cross-checked against three independent outlets.",
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      "title": "Newsbytes.ph — the court throws out the petitions after Metro Manila adopts a new traffic code",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the decisive point the entry rests on: the petitions were dismissed on mootness plus standing, exhaustion, hierarchy of courts and forum-shopping, and the court expressly did not rule the ordinances valid, quoting the decision directly. Also confirms the 2023 Metro Manila Traffic Code as the superseding framework.",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent second confirmation of the 2026 disposition and of the lifting of the restraining order, so the entry's status does not rest on a single outlet.",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the intermediate step: in May 2025 only the MMDA was allowed to resume, on major thoroughfares, while the five cities' own ordinances stayed restrained. Also states the original 30 August 2022 scope and that transport groups were the petitioners.",
       "exact": false
      },
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      "id": "src-36070c6310760c59",
      "title": "Manila Bulletin — camera enforcement cannot be implemented yet (24 January 2023)",
      "url": "https://mb.com.ph/2023/01/24/no-contact-apprehension-for-traffic-violationsin-metro-manila-cannot-be-implemented-yet/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "mb.com.ph",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Sentence-level source for the vendor share: the scheme is operated by a private firm, QPax Traffic Systems, which receives between 60 and 70 percent of the fines collected by the participating cities. Also names the five cities and records the Supreme Court oral arguments on due process, penalties and privacy.",
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     {
      "id": "src-d8537cac62edac30",
      "title": "Manila Bulletin — state auditors call the camera contract disadvantageous to Quezon City (29 June 2023)",
      "url": "https://mb.com.ph/2023/6/29/agreement-on-no-contact-apprehension-policy-for-traffic-violations-disadvantageous-to-quezon-city-coa",
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       "domain": "mb.com.ph",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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       "publishedAt": "2023-06-29",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "State audit of the same contractor's joint venture in NEIGHBOURING Quezon City, not Manila: no proof the contractor met its 49.5 million peso capital obligation, late-remittance penalties running only against the city, the contractor's project manager controlling the joint account, and fines set above national rates. Cited as independent scrutiny of the revenue-share model, deliberately not attributed to Manila.",
       "exact": false
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      "id": "src-eaf2578f5fa43e99",
      "title": "Inquirer — Manila traffic violations down 90% and road accidents down 62% under camera enforcement",
      "url": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1656500/manila-traffic-violations-reduced-by-90-road-accidents-by-62-during-ncap",
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       "name": null,
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       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Sole source for the impact figures, attributed to Manila Police District data for 2021. A press report of police-supplied numbers with no independent evaluation; the article blocks automated fetching, which is why the impact is graded as media and hedged in the text.",
       "exact": false
      },
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      "id": "src-59a4c24aa049fa29",
      "title": "AutoIndustriya — what the Supreme Court's latest ruling means",
      "url": "https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/is-ncap-back-heres-what-the-supreme-courts-latest-ruling-means.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "autoindustriya.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the entry's status: the restraining order is fully lifted but the old city ordinances are superseded, the MMDA enforces under the 2023 code, and it is not established that any of the five cities have restarted their own programmes.",
       "exact": false
      },
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      "id": "src-b291b3ac94331acf",
      "title": "Inquirer — the MMDA nullifies most camera tickets",
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      "role": "background",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Context for the metro-wide MMDA scheme rather than Manila's: of 8,586 motorists caught by camera between 26 May and 4 June 2025, only 4,100 were confirmed as violations after manual review.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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     "claimsMapped": 7,
     "sourcesTotal": 9,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 8,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
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     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
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     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
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     "fundingModel": "ppp",
     "fundingDescription": "Vendor-financed joint venture; the contractor was paid out of a share of the fines collected",
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     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-ccd9b60879585bf8",
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      "text": "The cameras and the billing were run by a private contractor, QPax Traffic Systems, which took 60 to 70 percent of every fine collected across the five participating cities",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The report states at sentence level that the scheme is operated by a private firm, QPax Traffic Systems, which receives between 60 and 70 per cent of the fines collected by the participating cities, and names the five cities.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The Supreme Court restrained Manila and four neighbours on 30 August 2022",
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      "supportNote": "The report states the original scope and date of the 30 August 2022 restraining order and records that transport groups were the petitioners. It also supports the intermediate step: in May 2025 only the metropolitan authority was allowed to resume, on major thoroughfares, while the five cities' own ordinances stayed restrained.",
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      "text": "It lifted that order in 2026 only as moot, without ruling the ordinances lawful",
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      "supportNote": "The court's own release on the decision promulgated 3 June 2026 and announced 9 July 2026 dismisses the consolidated petitions against the five cities' ordinances as moot and lifts the 30 August 2022 restraining order. The trade report sets out the grounds — mootness plus standing, exhaustion, hierarchy of courts and forum-shopping — and quotes the decision expressly declining to rule the ordinances valid. A second outlet independently confirms the disposition.",
      "caveat": "The court's own page returned an error to automated fetching; its contents were cross-checked against three independent outlets.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-03da706d968a963d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Manila's own scheme has not restarted",
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      "supportNote": "The restraining order is fully lifted but the old city ordinances are superseded by the 2023 Metro Manila Traffic Code, the metropolitan authority enforces under that code, and it is not established that any of the five cities have restarted their own programmes.",
      "caveat": "A negative finding: the sources establish that no restart is documented, not that none occurred.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Manila Police District figures reported in the press put traffic violations down about 90 percent and road crashes down about 62 percent in the programme's first year, 2021",
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "No independent evaluation was found, and the city has published no verified total for notices issued or fines collected",
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      "supportNote": "The only published performance figures are police-supplied and press-relayed. The one state audit of the same contractor's arrangement examined a neighbouring city, not Manila, and produced no notice or fine totals for Manila.",
      "caveat": "A negative finding across the sources reached. The audit is deliberately not attributed to Manila.",
      "interpretation": {
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      "id": "clm-e61ef4a6af8dc4cd",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "paying the camera operator out of the fines creates a new party with a financial stake in how many tickets get written",
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      "supportNote": "The contractor received 60 to 70 per cent of every fine collected. State auditors examining the same contractor's joint venture in a neighbouring city found no proof it had met its 49.5 million peso capital obligation, late-remittance penalties running only against the city, the contractor's project manager controlling the joint account, and fines set above national rates.",
      "caveat": "The audit concerns Quezon City, not Manila, and is cited as independent scrutiny of the revenue-share model rather than as a finding about Manila's own contract.",
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      "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines — the court dismisses the petitions against camera enforcement",
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       "value": "Primary. The court's own release on the decision promulgated 3 June 2026 and announced 9 July 2026: the consolidated petitions against the ordinances of Manila, Quezon City, Valenzuela, Parañaque and Muntinlupa are dismissed as moot and the 30 August 2022 restraining order is lifted. Page returned 503 to automated fetching; contents cross-checked against three independent outlets.",
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      "title": "Newsbytes.ph — the court throws out the petitions after Metro Manila adopts a new traffic code",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the decisive point the entry rests on: the petitions were dismissed on mootness plus standing, exhaustion, hierarchy of courts and forum-shopping, and the court expressly did not rule the ordinances valid, quoting the decision directly. Also confirms the 2023 Metro Manila Traffic Code as the superseding framework.",
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      "id": "src-eb8149b6eeda5822",
      "title": "BusinessWorld — the court junks the petitions as moot (9 July 2026)",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent second confirmation of the 2026 disposition and of the lifting of the restraining order, so the entry's status does not rest on a single outlet.",
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     {
      "id": "src-714f45ddc98721ab",
      "title": "GMA News — the court partially lifts the restraining order (20 May 2025)",
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       "name": null,
       "domain": "gmanetwork.com",
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
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       "publishedAt": "2025-05-20",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the intermediate step: in May 2025 only the MMDA was allowed to resume, on major thoroughfares, while the five cities' own ordinances stayed restrained. Also states the original 30 August 2022 scope and that transport groups were the petitioners.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-36070c6310760c59",
      "title": "Manila Bulletin — camera enforcement cannot be implemented yet (24 January 2023)",
      "url": "https://mb.com.ph/2023/01/24/no-contact-apprehension-for-traffic-violationsin-metro-manila-cannot-be-implemented-yet/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "mb.com.ph",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Sentence-level source for the vendor share: the scheme is operated by a private firm, QPax Traffic Systems, which receives between 60 and 70 percent of the fines collected by the participating cities. Also names the five cities and records the Supreme Court oral arguments on due process, penalties and privacy.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-d8537cac62edac30",
      "title": "Manila Bulletin — state auditors call the camera contract disadvantageous to Quezon City (29 June 2023)",
      "url": "https://mb.com.ph/2023/6/29/agreement-on-no-contact-apprehension-policy-for-traffic-violations-disadvantageous-to-quezon-city-coa",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "mb.com.ph",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2023-06-29",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "State audit of the same contractor's joint venture in NEIGHBOURING Quezon City, not Manila: no proof the contractor met its 49.5 million peso capital obligation, late-remittance penalties running only against the city, the contractor's project manager controlling the joint account, and fines set above national rates. Cited as independent scrutiny of the revenue-share model, deliberately not attributed to Manila.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     {
      "id": "src-eaf2578f5fa43e99",
      "title": "Inquirer — Manila traffic violations down 90% and road accidents down 62% under camera enforcement",
      "url": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1656500/manila-traffic-violations-reduced-by-90-road-accidents-by-62-during-ncap",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "newsinfo.inquirer.net",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "clm-56ad304545a1bc78"
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Sole source for the impact figures, attributed to Manila Police District data for 2021. A press report of police-supplied numbers with no independent evaluation; the article blocks automated fetching, which is why the impact is graded as media and hedged in the text.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-59a4c24aa049fa29",
      "title": "AutoIndustriya — what the Supreme Court's latest ruling means",
      "url": "https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/is-ncap-back-heres-what-the-supreme-courts-latest-ruling-means.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "autoindustriya.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-07-10",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Supports the entry's status: the restraining order is fully lifted but the old city ordinances are superseded, the MMDA enforces under the 2023 code, and it is not established that any of the five cities have restarted their own programmes.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-b291b3ac94331acf",
      "title": "Inquirer — the MMDA nullifies most camera tickets",
      "url": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2068445/mmda-nullifies-most-no-contact-tickets",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "newsinfo.inquirer.net",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
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       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Context for the metro-wide MMDA scheme rather than Manila's: of 8,586 motorists caught by camera between 26 May and 4 June 2025, only 4,100 were confirmed as violations after manual review.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     "claimsMapped": 7,
     "sourcesTotal": 9,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 8,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
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 ]
}