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Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "manchester-triangulum", "title": "Triangulum: Manchester's EU Smart-Energy Demonstrator on Oxford Road", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/manchester-triangulum/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-10-16-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-10-16-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-10-16T10:01:44Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-10-16", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 24 claims and 7 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:46c80e7ed132122d43e9ccb55191bb00e7bddd7960ebf952781d9dee7900fbff", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-10-16", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:6ce8277dcbe1768d17fb06f44d2928ad9159bdbf16abd9ffac67615098adaf5c", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. 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Manchester partners' net EU contributions on CORDIS: Siemens PLC €4,190,600.40, University of Manchester €978,907.81, Manchester City Council €972,120.50, Pixelmill €400,426.25, Manchester Metropolitan University €291,471.88.", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-1c27f5ea86989276", "field": "snippet", "text": "Triangulum was an EU Horizon 2020 smart-city \"lighthouse\" project that ran from February 2015 to January 2020", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ed35fee09dbf86b5" ], "supportNote": "The EU fact sheet gives the project's start and end dates and its funding under Horizon 2020's societal challenges.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8dab29186d007315", "field": "snippet", "text": "with Manchester, Eindhoven and Stavanger as its three test cities", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ed35fee09dbf86b5" ], "supportNote": "The project objective names the three lighthouse cities.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-dee002e766f718d9", "field": "snippet", "text": "In Manchester a consortium led by the city council, with Siemens as technical partner and both universities, worked on the Oxford Road Corridor.", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-de257ab7f251d04a" ], "supportNote": "The technical partner's announcement names the council as Manchester lead, the two universities 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a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5b58706d0db3e376", "field": "snippet", "text": "A cloud-based Siemens controller switched heating and cooling on and off in council and university buildings in response to demand on the grid", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-de257ab7f251d04a", "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "Siemens describes the cloud-based central controller working with the building management systems at the Central Library and Town Hall Extension and three University of Manchester buildings; the impact report dates its installation at the council (November 2017) and the university (April 2018).", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e096aa07cb2de3a3", "field": "snippet", "text": "Manchester Metropolitan University's 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"mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e153e8590e8a0dd6", "src-b6a4b977cfc9a4e4" ], "supportNote": "The Commission summary reports electric vehicles deployed and four eCargo bikes in Manchester; Manchester Met says it added two electric cars to its pool car scheme.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-df30e6f02d782252", "field": "snippet", "text": "the University of Manchester launched a data hub, Manchester-I, on 29 November 2017", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a", "src-70721cba91a695a6" ], "supportNote": "The impact report dates the launch of the data platform; Research IT describes it as a single hub bringing together urban data from across the city and the university.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": 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produced a 15% demand reduction, saving 21 tCO2e per year.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report's Manchester case study states the controller result in five building assets.", "caveat": "The report bases this section on results at year four of the project and does not state the baseline in the passage.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7ef0bcefc936f7a0", "field": "impact", "text": "The solar panels at Manchester Metropolitan University generated 100,000 kWh a year, meeting 3% of energy demand and saving 3 tCO2e.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The same case study gives the PV generation at MMU, its share of demand and the avoided emissions.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9672c79223267a7a", "field": "impact", "text": "The Birley battery's first trial began on 17 December 2019", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report dates the first battery trial at Birley Fields.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a677b26a0fded693", "field": "impact", "text": "the project ended on 31 January 2020", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ed35fee09dbf86b5" ], "supportNote": "The EU fact sheet gives the end date.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-61af72be0964a392", "field": "impact", "text": "so its savings of £24,777 a year are an estimate", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report's battery table gives yearly estimated savings of £24,777 (€27,814) from tariff and Triad savings, calculated from the trial's charge and discharge pattern.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1c8272980d7fae1d", "field": "impact", "text": "The four cargo bikes made 4,493 journeys over three years and saved 820 kgCO2e", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report's summary of Manchester module results gives the cargo-bike journeys, distance and avoided emissions.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-318bdad48bfdc6c6", "field": "impact", "text": "by the final report 307 users had downloaded data from Manchester-I 427 times", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report's summary gives the platform's users and downloads.", "caveat": "The Commission's period-four summary gives different figures (13 feeds, 172 users, 189 downloads).", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-51d203d0c38f71a2", "field": "impact", "text": "the report multiplied the controller result across 20,000 commercial premises in the city centre to reach 42,000 tCO2e a year", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a", "src-e153e8590e8a0dd6" ], "supportNote": "The report states that if the 15% demand reduction were rolled out across 20,000 commercial premises in the city centre it would equate to 42,000 tCO2e a year; the Commission summary repeats the 42,000t as a demonstrated potential.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a6137a748cfc150a", "field": "impact", "text": "Siemens' announcement put the citywide potential of its controller at approximately 57,000t", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-de257ab7f251d04a" ], "supportNote": "The technical partner's announcement gives its own scaled figure; it does not state the calculation.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ee9e2e05db4c3ae6", "field": "impact", "text": "The project had set targets of a reduction of more than 65% in building energy consumption and a 75% shift of demand to renewable sources.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e153e8590e8a0dd6" ], "supportNote": "The summary lists the project's main objectives, including the >65% building-energy reduction and the 'Shift of 75% in energy demand to renewable energy sources'.", "caveat": "These were project-wide targets across the three lighthouse cities.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d606c1213db1d8bd", "field": "lesson", "text": "The number that travelled from Manchester was not the 21 tCO2e the controllers saved but the 42,000 tCO2e that 20,000 hypothetical premises would save.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a", "src-e153e8590e8a0dd6" ], "supportNote": "The report derives the 42,000 tCO2e from the 21 tCO2e controller result scaled to 20,000 premises; the Commission's summary of the project carries the 42,000t figure.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5f4366ce2e671209", "field": "lesson", "text": "the trials at the council were halted for months by technical challenges", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report records that the controller trials at Manchester City Council stopped in September 2018 for technical challenges and restarted in late November 2018.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-905aa6a8e079ad66", "field": "lesson", "text": "laboratory users in one university building withdrew so often that it was dropped", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report says the trials faced many retractions by building stakeholders in the laboratory-heavy Alan Gilbert building, which was de-scoped.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-68bac571553c7b1d", "field": "lesson", "text": "fitting new controls onto existing building management systems is \"a social challenge rather than a technical one\"", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report's partner-learning section describes the challenges of integrating technology into existing building management systems as a social rather than technical challenge.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1346618fdb0e50d9", "field": "lesson", "text": "What outlasted the trials was the data hub, which the Urban Observatory and CityVerve went on to use.", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c87e7ae012c9152a" ], "supportNote": "The report says Manchester-I is used by other projects, including the Urban Observatory and CityVerve, and calls it a project legacy.", "caveat": "No source after 2020 confirms whether Manchester-I, the controller or the Birley battery still operate.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-ed35fee09dbf86b5", "title": "CORDIS (European Commission) — Triangulum project fact sheet, grant 646578", "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/646578", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "cordis.europa.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1c27f5ea86989276", "clm-8dab29186d007315", "clm-a677b26a0fded693" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-16", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-16", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The EU's project fact sheet: start 1 February 2015, end 31 January 2020; total cost €29,507,946.58, EU contribution €25,420,602.29; coordinated by Fraunhofer; lighthouse cities Manchester, Eindhoven and Stavanger, follower cities Prague, Leipzig and Sabadell. Its participant table lists Siemens PLC's net EU contribution at €4,190,600.40, Manchester City Council's at €972,120.50, the University of Manchester's at €978,907.81, Manchester Metropolitan University's at €291,471.88 and Pixelmill's at €400,426.25.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-e153e8590e8a0dd6", "title": "CORDIS (European Commission) — Triangulum periodic report summary, period 4 (2019–2020)", "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/646578/reporting", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "cordis.europa.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-64251943bc997b33", "clm-51d203d0c38f71a2", "clm-ee9e2e05db4c3ae6", "clm-d606c1213db1d8bd" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": "2020-08-27", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-16", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-16", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The consortium's final-period summary as published by the Commission. Lists the project's main objectives (a reduction of more than 65% in building energy consumption, a 75% shift in energy demand to renewables, more electric vehicles, an ICT data hub); for Manchester it reports a potential to save 42,000t CO2 a year from optimising buildings, PV and storage saving €34,000 a year, and four eCargo bikes; it names City Verve in Manchester as one of the projects for which Triangulum was a stepping stone.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-c87e7ae012c9152a", "title": "Triangulum consortium — D2.6 Final Impact Report M60 (January 2020)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5d0889970&appId=PPGMS", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "ec.europa.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-5b58706d0db3e376", "clm-df30e6f02d782252", "clm-900639119feb62be", "clm-81917dbedad9ec7a", "clm-7ef0bcefc936f7a0", "clm-9672c79223267a7a", "clm-61af72be0964a392", "clm-1c8272980d7fae1d", "clm-318bdad48bfdc6c6", "clm-51d203d0c38f71a2", "clm-d606c1213db1d8bd", "clm-5f4366ce2e671209", "clm-905aa6a8e079ad66", "clm-68bac571553c7b1d", "clm-1346618fdb0e50d9" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-16", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-16", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Deliverable D2.6, the project's final impact report, led by the University of Manchester (cover dated January 2020). Reports the Manchester trials module by module: controller trials at the Town Hall Extension, Central Library and two university buildings, halted at the council for months in 2018 and dropped at the Alan Gilbert building; the Birley battery (420 kW, 484 kWh maximum storage) first trialled on 17 December 2019 with yearly savings estimated at £24,777; 15% demand reduction and 21 tCO2e a year from controllers in five building assets, scaled to 42,000 tCO2e across 20,000 commercial premises; PV generating 100,000 kWh a year, 3% of demand; cargo bikes and the Manchester-I data platform. Lists CityVerve as a spin-off and says Manchester-I is used by the Urban Observatory and CityVerve.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-de257ab7f251d04a", "title": "Siemens UK — €30 Million Triangulum sustainable cities project reaches successful completion (25 Sep 2019)", "url": "https://news.siemens.co.uk/news/30-million-triangulum-sustainable-cities-project-reaches-successful-completion", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "news.siemens.co.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-dee002e766f718d9", "clm-5b58706d0db3e376", "clm-a6137a748cfc150a" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-09-25", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-16", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-16", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The technical partner's closing announcement. Describes the cloud-based central controller working as a virtual power plant with building management systems at the Central Library and Town Hall Extension and three University of Manchester buildings, the Birley battery and solar panels, and states that scaled citywide the controller could potentially save approximately 57,000t CO2 a year.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-b6a4b977cfc9a4e4", "title": "Manchester Metropolitan University — Low-carbon smart city project Triangulum reaches successful conclusion (30 Sep 2019)", "url": "https://www2.mmu.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/story/11043/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "www2.mmu.ac.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e096aa07cb2de3a3", "clm-64251943bc997b33" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-09-30", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-16", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-16", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The Birley partner's announcement: a 400kWh lithium-ion battery and 595 solar panels on the Brooks Building, managed with the existing combined heat and power plant by a microgrid controller, can supply electricity to 900 student rooms and the academic building; the university added two electric cars to its pool.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-7337f6f69e9b34bb", "title": "Association for Project Management — Case study: Triangulum, Manchester moves towards smart zero carbon", "url": "https://www.apm.org.uk/resources/find-a-resource/case-studies/case-study-manchester-moves-towards-smart-zero-carbon-with-triangulum/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "apm.org.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-3041ec8ac746510d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-16", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-16", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Case study with interviews of the council's programme manager and Siemens' project manager, written as the lighthouse phase was closing. States that research found renewables could at best generate 25 per cent of the area's energy needs, so the team turned to storage and smart building controls, and that some technologies proposed in the bid were not feasible when it came to delivering them.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-70721cba91a695a6", "title": "University of Manchester Research IT — Manchester-I: your urban data hub for research and teaching (30 Apr 2018)", "url": "https://research-it.manchester.ac.uk/news/2018/04/30/manchester-i/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "research-it.manchester.ac.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-df30e6f02d782252" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2018-04-30", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-16", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-16", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The Triangulum team's introduction of Manchester-I, a single hub bringing together urban data from across the city and the university (mobility in the Corridor, building energy, air quality, weather, water levels), with the ambition of becoming a city-level data portal and a legacy beyond individual projects.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 24, "claimsMapped": 24, "sourcesTotal": 7, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }