{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "london-thames-water-smart-metering",
  "title": "Thames Water Smart Metering & AI Leak Detection",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/london-thames-water-smart-metering/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T02:03:11Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-25",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 9 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:a8b4f458bf8fce9c0d01a2130813e272fead7f5318c47ac5683f9b0342a281de",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-25",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:4a505aa304133325d55ea982be5161577259b45434a2f0ad6474c0f6545e739c",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": null,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Thames Water",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "utility",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-6d4509c650e1a3f9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "has installed over 1.2 million smart water meters connected over Vodafone's NB-IoT network, with about a further million homes and businesses planned by 2030 under a £50 million framework signed in November 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-94bd6cef5c22b7c3"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's November 2024 announcement of a £50 million framework states that over 1.2 million devices are already installed, that the strategy is to reach an additional million homes and businesses by the end of AMP 8 in 2030, and that both suppliers' meters connect over Vodafone's Narrowband IoT network.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-510f0f9569f30819",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "put 3,450 Ovarro acoustic sensors across 110 district-metered areas",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-26b10fd4112610a4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article states that from January 2023 a project has been under way to install 3,450 Ovarro sensors across 110 district metered areas within the water network.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-11f97a2aac038fc1",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a collaboration begun the same year applies FIDO's AI, on Microsoft's Azure OpenAI service, to acoustic data for part of London",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-8480f2f9d1c51089"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Microsoft states that its collaboration with FIDO began in 2023 with a contract to detect leaks in part of London for the Thames Water utility, and that FIDO's tool uses OpenAI's GPT-4 on Microsoft Azure OpenAI Service for acoustic leak detection.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0bd2784ec6089fae",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The next 450,000 meters go into London through Arqiva; beyond that the effort moves out to the Thames Valley and Home Counties, where summer use runs higher",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-94bd6cef5c22b7c3"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator states that Arqiva will remain contracted to roll out around a further 450,000 smart meters in London, and that the company will focus its efforts on households and businesses in the Thames Valley and the Home Counties, where water use is often higher during summer and hotter, drier periods.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6645a99dfa965193",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Twenty weeks into the LeakNavigator contract, 788 leaks had been raised and categorised and 5.78 megalitres a day were being saved in the areas that service covers",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-26b10fd4112610a4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article states that the sensors provide a daily call-in with leak data and that just 20 weeks into the project 788 leaks had been raised and categorised, with a total of 5.78 megalitres of water per day saved in the areas served by LeakNavigator.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5dcd7b79bb18b229",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The target they serve is a 20.5% cut in leakage over London and the Thames Valley, set to meet the regulator's requirements",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-26b10fd4112610a4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The same article states that Thames Water is working to achieve a 20.5% reduction in leakage across London and the Thames Valley region to meet regulatory targets.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1a469d0c78799ed1",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Average use in the region runs around 140 litres per person a day against a national goal of 110 litres by 2050",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-94bd6cef5c22b7c3"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's announcement states that national government targets aim to reduce daily water use to 110 litres per person by 2050, with current use in the area at around 140 litres per person.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5650c744b015f926",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "comes from an article written by the sensor vendor's own leakage director, covers only the district-metered areas the service is deployed in, and was measured 20 weeks into a three-year contract",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-26b10fd4112610a4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article's own by-line credits Tony Gwynne, global leakage solutions director at Ovarro — the company supplying the sensors — and it describes a three-year leakage reduction contract, with the saving stated for the areas served by LeakNavigator.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4991b4ebcf990481",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the AI half of the story is told by Microsoft about a project Microsoft funds",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-8480f2f9d1c51089"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The FIDO account appears on Microsoft's own publication and describes projects Microsoft funds, with Microsoft also having helped FIDO develop the technology at its hackathons in London.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-94bd6cef5c22b7c3",
      "title": "Thames Water — Million-plus smart meters coming to the Thames Water region (Nov 2024)",
      "url": "https://www.thameswater.co.uk/news/2024/nov/million-plus-smart-meters-coming-to-thames-water-region",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "thameswater.co.uk",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-6d4509c650e1a3f9",
       "clm-0bd2784ec6089fae",
       "clm-1a469d0c78799ed1"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-11-28",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator announcement of a £50 million smart-meter framework with Honeywell and Sensus: over 1.2 million devices already installed with Arqiva and Morrisons Water Services, around a further million homes and businesses by 2030, some 450,000 more meters in London through Arqiva, connection over Vodafone's NB-IoT network, and a stated shift of effort to the Thames Valley and Home Counties. Regional use is given as around 140 litres per person a day against a national target of 110 by 2050.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-8c19fba4c05b5572",
      "title": "Utility Week — Thames Water hits half-million smart meter milestone",
      "url": "https://utilityweek.co.uk/thames-water-hits-half-million-smart-meter-milestone/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "utilityweek.co.uk",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade press item on the smart-meter rollout reaching half a million meters.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-26b10fd4112610a4",
      "title": "Envirotec — LeakNavigator results, written by Ovarro's global leakage solutions director",
      "url": "https://envirotecmagazine.com/2023/10/25/sensor-equipped-system-saves-millions-of-litres-of-water/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "envirotecmagazine.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-510f0f9569f30819",
       "clm-6645a99dfa965193",
       "clm-5dcd7b79bb18b229",
       "clm-5650c744b015f926"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2023-10-25",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade magazine article carrying the LeakNavigator numbers, written by Tony Gwynne, global leakage solutions director at Ovarro — the supplier of the sensors. From January 2023, 3,450 Ovarro sensors across 110 district-metered areas; 20 weeks in, 788 leaks raised and categorised and 5.78 megalitres a day saved in the areas served; the programme serves a 20.5% leakage reduction target across London and the Thames Valley.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-8480f2f9d1c51089",
      "title": "Microsoft Source — FIDO's acoustic AI, in a feature by the project's funder",
      "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/sustainability/ai-tool-uses-sound-to-pinpoint-leaky-pipes-saving-precious-drinking-water/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "news.microsoft.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-11f97a2aac038fc1",
       "clm-4991b4ebcf990481"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-09-19",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Microsoft's own publication on a collaboration it funds: FIDO's acoustic leak-detection AI, running on Azure OpenAI Service, under a 2023 contract to detect leaks in part of London for Thames Water.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5f0e9d3f6ea2befd",
      "title": "Ofwat — Water company performance report 2024-25",
      "url": "https://www.ofwat.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WCPR-24-25.pdf",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ofwat.gov.uk",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "pdf",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The regulator's annual assessment of water company performance for 2024-25, which is where leakage performance against target is recorded.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 9,
     "claimsMapped": 9,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}