{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "london-sharing-cities-greenwich", "title": "Sharing Cities — Greenwich Smart District", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/london-sharing-cities-greenwich/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-10-14-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-10-14-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-10-14T06:13:12Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-10-14", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 15 claims and 6 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:d210a5b13ddc325194be8f4eac001f9cfbe50f3eb963c16bb981cc8773a57731", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-10-14", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:1efd72c7c77218be1ccfd0cd62a07877ea3d94a01f3941978ad1f3ce2965e84f", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "completed", "outcome": "succeeded", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2016, "ended": 2021 } }, "governance": { "operator": "Digital Greenwich (Royal Borough of Greenwich)", "actorTypes": [ "city-government" ], "fundingModel": "grant", "fundingDescription": "EU Horizon 2020, ~€25m programme (London, Milan, Lisbon)", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-a2a6ed9fe26830b3", "field": "snippet", "text": "Royal Borough of Greenwich was London's demonstrator in Sharing Cities", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d75f84baac797775", "src-f3276e4fca782c60" ], "supportNote": "The mayoral decision names the Royal Borough of Greenwich as London's demonstrator area.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4f1c0f3444184db1", "field": "snippet", "text": "an EU Horizon 2020 smart-district project (2016–2021) alongside Milan and Lisbon", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d75f84baac797775", "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The decision names London, Milan and Lisbon as lead cities and a January 2016 start; the final appraisal was submitted in December 2021.", "caveat": "The 2015 decision planned closure in January 2020; the programme ran to the end of 2021.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fd5bcd9f2c6c0dd8", "field": "snippet", "text": "Greenwich retrofitted two social-housing estates", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c900e269c5e81dd7", "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The retrofit case study and the final appraisal describe works at the Ernest Dence and Flamsteed estates, both council social housing.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d4d4f8c29b502662", "field": "snippet", "text": "adding solar panels on one and an electric heat pump with a back-up gas boiler on the other", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-fb071cee8ed5aa7f" ], "supportNote": "The monitoring report lists solar panels at Flamsteed and, at Ernest Dence, an electric heat pump with a back-up new gas boiler and thermal storage.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-35f3cc69a178019b", "field": "snippet", "text": "built EV charging into street lampposts", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0", "src-f3276e4fca782c60" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal says Greenwich trialled lamppost charging points deployed by Ubitricity; the consortium page counts 30 lamp-post charging points.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b6c36a6fdb5ac67c", "field": "snippet", "text": "added smart-parking sensors, an e-bike loan scheme and an energy-management system", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0", "src-f3276e4fca782c60" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal describes smart-parking sensors in 46 bays, the e-bike loan scheme and the energy-management system at Ernest Dence; the consortium page describes the same measures.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-85c94713814b2721", "field": "snippet", "text": "Programme funding was about €25m.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d75f84baac797775" ], "supportNote": "The decision accepts an EU grant of €24,988,759 for the whole three-city consortium.", "caveat": "The figure covers all three cities, not Greenwich alone.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1c4d4bcf49150c20", "field": "impact", "text": "estimated from building models calibrated on pre-retrofit metering, rather than from measured post-retrofit data", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal says the impacts at Ernest Dence were evaluated with an EnergyPlus model built from boiler monitoring in 2018–2020, comparing scenarios under identical weather.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d97b0844636da85f", "field": "impact", "text": "the heat pump at the Ernest Dence estate would cut heating emissions by 47% while raising running costs by 19%", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal estimates a 47% saving in emissions from heating and hot water and a 19% increase in operational cost from the switch to the heat pump.", "caveat": "A modelled estimate using the 2018 grid carbon intensity; the appraisal expects the saving to grow as the grid decarbonises.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e2572da30387f890", "field": "impact", "text": "Its energy-management system met the same trade-off: run to minimise cost, it favoured the gas boiler and its modelled emissions rose rather than fell.", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal's scenarios give 203 tonnes of CO2 a year for the baseline and 371 to 381 tonnes under cost-minimising strategies, which it characterises as boiler-led.", "caveat": "These are case studies of the system's behaviour, not a record of how it was run.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5eeb0f112036aaed", "field": "impact", "text": "The lamppost chargers delivered 22,812 kWh between October 2018 and August 2021, with hourly utilisation under 25%.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal reports over 7,000 hours of charging and 22,812 kWh from October 2018 to August 2021, with hourly utilisation rates below 25%.", "caveat": "The appraisal also finds that 40% of charging events kept the plug in far longer than the car was charging.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-07ae551915c7a05e", "field": "lesson", "text": "London's 2015 approval foresaw retrofits of 362 properties and up to 300 smart-parking places", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d75f84baac797775" ], "supportNote": "The decision's expected outputs include retrofitting low-carbon solutions to 362 properties and development of up to 300 smart-parking places.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bc1042b447b44545", "field": "lesson", "text": "the final appraisal covers two estates of 95 and 172 dwellings and sensors in 46 bays", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c900e269c5e81dd7", "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The retrofit case study gives 95 dwellings at Ernest Dence and 172 at Flamsteed; the final appraisal counts smart-parking sensors in 46 bays.", "caveat": "The consortium's own London page counts 93 smart parking bays; the appraisal's 46 is the evaluated set.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ad386d619a11ad6c", "field": "lesson", "text": "and models the estates' savings instead of measuring them", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal states that the Ernest Dence impacts were evaluated through modelling.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-316206ef17bd71b8", "field": "lesson", "text": "without storage, the evaluators found, choosing between cost and carbon came down to running the boiler or the heat pump", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0" ], "supportNote": "The appraisal concludes that, due to a lack of alternative storage options, minimising cost or CO2 came down to a boiler-led or a heat-pump-led strategy.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-f3276e4fca782c60", "title": "Sharing Cities consortium (project)", "url": "https://sharingcities.eu/city-london/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "sharingcities.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a2a6ed9fe26830b3", "clm-35f3cc69a178019b", "clm-b6c36a6fdb5ac67c" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-14", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-14", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The consortium's London page: Greenwich as demonstration area; LED lamp posts with EV charging and parking sensors, e-bike loan scheme, Energy Hero digital social market and urban sharing platform; headline figures including 757 tCO2 a year saved, 30 lamp-post charging points and 400 smart lamp posts, given without a method.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d75f84baac797775", "title": "Greater London Authority — MD1574 (authority)", "url": "https://www.london.gov.uk/decisions/md1574-sharing-cities-horizon-2020-programme-smart-cities", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "london.gov.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a2a6ed9fe26830b3", "clm-4f1c0f3444184db1", "clm-85c94713814b2721", "clm-07ae551915c7a05e" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2015-12-16", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-14", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-14", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Mayoral decision accepting a €24,988,759 EU grant for the GLA-led consortium; London plan: retrofit of 362 properties saving 607 tCO2 a year, up to 300 smart-parking places, 400 smart lampposts, 30 e-bikes with four docking stations.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-737ad4cd07669867", "title": "Digital Greenwich (operator)", "url": "https://www.digitalgreenwich.com/sharing-cities/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "digitalgreenwich.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-14", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-14", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The borough's smart-city unit's page on its Sharing Cities measures.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-469033c9a2bbb1b0", "title": "Sharing Cities D8.7: final economic, social and environmental appraisal, by Imperial College London (Dec 2021)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5e680bc8e&appId=PPGMS", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "ec.europa.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4f1c0f3444184db1", "clm-fd5bcd9f2c6c0dd8", "clm-35f3cc69a178019b", "clm-b6c36a6fdb5ac67c", "clm-1c4d4bcf49150c20", "clm-d97b0844636da85f", "clm-e2572da30387f890", "clm-5eeb0f112036aaed", "clm-bc1042b447b44545", "clm-ad386d619a11ad6c", "clm-316206ef17bd71b8" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-14", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-14", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Final appraisal by Imperial College London (WP8 lead): Ernest Dence heat pump modelled at 47% lower heating emissions and 19% higher running cost; energy-management scenarios trade cost against CO2; lamppost chargers delivered 22,812 kWh in October 2018 to August 2021 at under 25% hourly utilisation; smart-parking sensors in 46 bays.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-fb071cee8ed5aa7f", "title": "Sharing Cities D8.5: monitoring programme analysis report, by Imperial College London (Jun 2020)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5d0fea84b&appId=PPGMS", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "ec.europa.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-d4d4f8c29b502662" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-14", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-14", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Interim monitoring report by Imperial College London: measures at Flamsteed (wall insulation, windows, solar panels) and at Ernest Dence (roof insulation, LED lighting, electric heat pump with a back-up gas boiler and thermal storage).", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-c900e269c5e81dd7", "title": "Sharing Cities D3.2: case study of building retrofit (16 Dec 2019)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5e8c5c720&appId=PPGMS", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "ec.europa.eu", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-fd5bcd9f2c6c0dd8", "clm-bc1042b447b44545" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-12-16", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-14", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-14", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Retrofit case study: Ernest Dence has 95 dwellings in three blocks and Flamsteed 172 in nine; drawing water from the Thames for a water-source heat pump proved unfeasible because of the river's tidal range.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 15, "claimsMapped": 15, "sourcesTotal": 6, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }