{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "lahore-orange-line-metro",
  "title": "Orange Line Metro: Automated Trains, Drivers in the Cab",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/lahore-orange-line-metro/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-20-source-dates-r2",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-15-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-15T18:25:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-15",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 11 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
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     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
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     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
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      "source-reference-resolution",
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      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2020,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Punjab Masstransit Authority; operations and maintenance by the OLMRTS consortium (Norinco International, Guangzhou Metro Group, Daewoo Pakistan)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "regional-government",
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "China Eximbank preferential buyer's credit under CPEC; Punjab government operating subsidy",
     "cost": "≈$1.6bn",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-5349485f72153306",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Pakistan's first metro line opened in Lahore on 25 October 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Both the opening report and the 2025 subsidy article state the line opened on 25 October 2020 as Pakistan's first metro.",
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       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-999e34f4f99087de",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "27 km and 26 stations from Ali Town to Dera Gujran",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2edc3cbb6338f55d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "about $1.6 billion with a $1.23 billion preferential buyer's credit from China's Eximbank",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-1cf455b67def8054",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "CASCO-supplied CBTC signalling as configured for Grade of Automation 2",
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      "supportNote": "Railway Gazette states the CBTC is configured for GoA2 and was supplied by CASCO; CASCO's own announcement confirms the supply.",
      "caveat": "Several circulating descriptions call the line 'driverless'; the trade-press GoA2 description means a driver remains in the cab.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-59be21320fd37b44",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "consortium of Norinco International, Guangzhou Metro Group and Daewoo Pakistan holds the eight-year operations contract awarded in February 2020",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The trade-press review names the O&M consortium and the February 2020 eight-year contract award.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-053ea4b07317e6d1",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "pre-launch forecast of 245,000 passengers a day",
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       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-a5d172f5ba30881d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "average of 192,510 in July 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The article reports average daily ridership of 192,510 in July 2024, based on operator data.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-e5a14422a467855c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "around 120,000",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The July 2025 article puts daily ridership at approximately 120,000 passengers.",
      "caveat": "This sits well below the 192,510 the operator reported for July 2024; the sources disagree and the entry shows both.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-36c800bec72f8df9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "in July 2025 Punjab released a Rs7 billion subsidy",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The article reports the Punjab Finance Department released Rs7 billion to support operating costs and hold ticket prices.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9126d8cdd9fcf16e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Cumulative ridership passed 200 million by September 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The article reports cumulative ridership surpassing 200 million by September 2024.",
      "caveat": "Operator-reported figure relayed by trade press; no independent audit exists.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-e8d8d80b3a449f10",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "single-day record of 277,873 on 12 February 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The article names 12 February 2024 as the record day with 277,873 passengers.",
      "caveat": "Operator-reported figure relayed by trade press.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-6ed42f1ad74d2d77",
      "title": "Railway Gazette International — Lahore's pioneering metro approaches maturity (Oct 2024)",
      "url": "https://www.railwaygazette.com/urban/2024/10/30/pakistan-lahores-pioneering-metro-approaches-maturity/",
      "publisher": {
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       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade press review at four years: GoA2 CBTC by CASCO, O&M consortium, July 2024 average 192,510, record day 277,873, 200 million cumulative, pre-launch forecast. Site blocks automated fetches (403); figures verified via search-indexed text of the article.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-02fa51dcabe2b8ba",
      "title": "AidData — China Eximbank preferential buyer's credit for Lahore Orange Line",
      "url": "https://china.aiddata.org/projects/37280/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "china.aiddata.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent research lab's project record; carries the $1.23 billion Eximbank credit and the CPEC financing structure.",
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      },
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       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "contentHash": null,
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-103c1d455f4b7974",
      "title": "The Nation — Orange Line gets Rs7b subsidy (30 Jul 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.nation.com.pk/30-Jul-2025/orange-line-train-gets-rs7b-subsidy-to-ensure-affordable-urban-transport",
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       "name": null,
       "domain": "nation.com.pk",
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       "publishedAt": "2025-07-30",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Punjab Finance Department's Rs7 billion subsidy release, ~120,000 daily passengers, 27 km / 26 stations, opening date.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-060dfefd17038f6d",
      "title": "Gulf News — Pakistan opens first metro line after years of delays (2020)",
      "url": "https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan-opens-first-metro-line-after-years-of-delays-1.74834655",
      "publisher": {
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       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "retrievedAt": null,
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Opening report; 'first metro line' framing and the ~$1.6bn China Eximbank-financed cost.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5a134dd3c12dca69",
      "title": "CASCO — first Pakistan metro line in operation",
      "url": "https://www.casco.com.cn/en/news/detail.aspx?id=1979",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "casco.com.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Signalling vendor's own announcement; confirms CASCO supplied the train control system (vendor material, ranked accordingly).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-20-source-dates-b4",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-20T19:00:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-15",
   "changeType": "update",
   "summary": "Record the publication date of each source that states one; sources that publish no date are marked null.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
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    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:11e4a6e08c85c5c50e155be16eb46adbcfeafda8d731d10aa2964eb9886c325b",
   "snapshot": {
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    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
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    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2020,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Punjab Masstransit Authority; operations and maintenance by the OLMRTS consortium (Norinco International, Guangzhou Metro Group, Daewoo Pakistan)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "regional-government",
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "China Eximbank preferential buyer's credit under CPEC; Punjab government operating subsidy",
     "cost": "≈$1.6bn",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-5349485f72153306",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Pakistan's first metro line opened in Lahore on 25 October 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-103c1d455f4b7974"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both the opening report and the 2025 subsidy article state the line opened on 25 October 2020 as Pakistan's first metro.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-999e34f4f99087de",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "27 km and 26 stations from Ali Town to Dera Gujran",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-103c1d455f4b7974"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article states the line runs 27 kilometres across 26 stations; the termini are the line's published endpoints.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2edc3cbb6338f55d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "about $1.6 billion with a $1.23 billion preferential buyer's credit from China's Eximbank",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-060dfefd17038f6d"
      ],
      "supportNote": "AidData documents the $1.23 billion Eximbank credit; press reports put the total project cost around $1.6 billion.",
      "caveat": "Total-cost figures for the project vary between roughly $1.6 and $2 billion across sources; $1.6 billion is the most widely used.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1cf455b67def8054",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "CASCO-supplied CBTC signalling as configured for Grade of Automation 2",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6ed42f1ad74d2d77",
       "src-5a134dd3c12dca69"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Railway Gazette states the CBTC is configured for GoA2 and was supplied by CASCO; CASCO's own announcement confirms the supply.",
      "caveat": "Several circulating descriptions call the line 'driverless'; the trade-press GoA2 description means a driver remains in the cab.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-59be21320fd37b44",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "consortium of Norinco International, Guangzhou Metro Group and Daewoo Pakistan holds the eight-year operations contract awarded in February 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-6ed42f1ad74d2d77"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The trade-press review names the O&M consortium and the February 2020 eight-year contract award.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "value": "Punjab Finance Department's Rs7 billion subsidy release, ~120,000 daily passengers, 27 km / 26 stations, opening date.",
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     "claimsMapped": 11,
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     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
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    },
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     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
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 ]
}