{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "la-mds",
  "title": "Mobility Data Specification (MDS)",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/la-mds/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-26-p1-quality-uplift",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-26-p1-quality-uplift",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-26T14:41:50Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 9 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:f63a87545a5d0d5aded568a6789238e7a043210afc9bb772cce9d485ee7403b9",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-26",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:825d56dd11c02ff4fc7f0b29a43873c0400fa823b2a78ea5d31b4f5d9153d395",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "independent",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2018,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Open Mobility Foundation (originally LADOT)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "civil-society"
     ],
     "fundingModel": null,
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-07413f36f1ca158b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "LADOT created the open Mobility Data Specification in the autumn of 2018 to regulate dockless e-scooters and bikes",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-07de412ae5cd4f10"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Press account of the standard's origin: MDS was first introduced in the autumn of 2018, prompted by the sudden explosion of e-scooters on Los Angeles streets that summer. The steward's page describes what MDS does: standardised data-sharing between cities and private mobility providers such as e-scooter and bike-share companies.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-979f8679c63867c9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "requiring operators to share standardised, anonymised trip and vehicle data through open APIs",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-ff4e1c0adfdccba6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Steward's page: MDS standardises communication and data-sharing between cities and private mobility providers; the press account describes it as a standard for exchanging anonymised data between operators and municipal transport departments.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "it grew out of the department's 2016 technology strategy and a US$1 million standards contract awarded in March 2018",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Press account: MDS's origins lie in LADOT's 2016 transport technology strategy Urban Mobility in a Digital Age, and in a US$1 million contract for developing new standards awarded in March 2018.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "text": "Governance passed to the non-profit Open Mobility Foundation in 2019",
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      "supportNote": "Press account: in June 2019 LADOT's general manager partnered with OASIS and 14 other cities to create the Open Mobility Foundation.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A rider's Fourth Amendment challenge to the data requirement was dismissed with prejudice in February 2021",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The steward's account of the first-instance ruling: on Wednesday 24 February Judge Dolly M. Gee of the US District Court for the Central District of California granted an order dismissing the Sanchez complaint with prejudice. The appellate opinion confirms the district court dismissed for failure to state a claim.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the Ninth Circuit affirmed that dismissal in May 2022",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Published opinion filed 23 May 2022: the panel affirmed the district court's order dismissing the action for failure to state a claim.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The Open Mobility Foundation, which stewards the standard, says more than 1,000 cities and 200 operators worldwide now use MDS to manage shared mobility",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The steward's own adoption count on its home page.",
      "caveat": "The count is the steward's own; no independent audit of it was found, and the page states no date.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-21950eec93ecc620",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "in May 2022 the Ninth Circuit held that the third-party doctrine foreclosed any reasonable expectation of privacy over MDS data and affirmed the dismissal of the case",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Published opinion: the panel concluded that the third-party doctrine, which provides that a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information voluntarily turned over to third parties, foreclosed the plaintiff's claim of a reasonable expectation of privacy over the MDS data.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a5b4769cdbbf90c7",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the challenge that reached the Ninth Circuit turned on the collection of the data itself, not on anything Los Angeles did with it",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Published opinion: the panel read the complaint as alleging that the collection of the MDS location data itself, without more, violated the plaintiff's constitutional rights.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-07de412ae5cd4f10",
      "title": "Open Mobility Foundation — About MDS (operator/steward)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Confirms LA origin, OMF stewardship, anonymised data model, global adoption.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     {
      "id": "src-bcffbc34907e4702",
      "title": "OMF — Court ruling supports MDS (operator)",
      "url": "https://www.openmobilityfoundation.org/an-important-development-in-los-angeles-for-the-mobility-data-specification-and-data-privacy/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "openmobilityfoundation.org",
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2021-02-26",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The steward's account of the first-instance ruling: Judge Dolly M. Gee of the US District Court for the Central District of California dismissed Sanchez v. City of Los Angeles with prejudice on 24 February 2021.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-ff4e1c0adfdccba6",
      "title": "Cities Today — How Los Angeles took control of its mobility data (press)",
      "url": "https://cities-today.com/how-los-angeles-took-control-of-its-mobility-data/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "cities-today.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2020-07-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "retrievedAt": null,
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      },
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      },
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Carries the steward's own adoption count: “More than 1,000 cities and 200 operators across the United States and around the globe use MDS to manage shared mobility services.” Continuously maintained, so it states no publication date.",
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      },
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      "title": "US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit — Sanchez v. LADOT, No. 21-55285 (23 May 2022)",
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       "domain": "cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov",
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      },
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       "publishedAt": "2022-05-23",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Published opinion affirming the dismissal: the panel held that the third-party doctrine foreclosed the plaintiff's claim of a reasonable expectation of privacy over MDS data, because he affirmatively chose to disclose his location to the e-scooter operator each time he rented a device.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 9,
     "claimsMapped": 9,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}