{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "kyiv-metro-open-loop-contactless",
  "title": "Kyiv Metro Open-Loop Bank-Card Fares & Token Retirement",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/kyiv-metro-open-loop-contactless/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T09:01:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 11 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:f18c9500405176218ddacad8eaa22ddbac6a99a1ccd4f286a94e59eccd1fcf04",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-07",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:c6baf0f48a4914597bf69629b793a0054027d789408f9fd5cf4f21e60edbd494",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Kyivskyi Metropoliten with Oschadbank/Mastercard (ASTEK consortium)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": null,
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-6f48b10aba9ac602",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "On 19 June 2015 Kyiv Metro started accepting contactless Mastercard bank cards directly at turnstiles of 17 central stations",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69392f6ce5ee6e8e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The consortium partner's own announcement states that \"innovative contactless MasterCard PayPass technology is introduced on June 19, 2015\" and that \"Seventeen central stations of Kyiv have been fitted out with this system so far, such landmarks as 'Zoloti vorota', 'Universytet' and 'Arsenalna' among them.\"",
      "caveat": "The account comes from a company that built and sold the system, not from the metro operator. No operator or city document listed here confirms the launch date or the count of seventeen stations.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-26726df929faf62e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "in a consortium with Oschadbank and the city administration",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69392f6ce5ee6e8e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The source names the project as run by the \"ASTEK consortium, member of which is CS-Mechatronics, Bancomzvjazok JSC, Mastercard, Oschadbank JSC, together with Kyiv Metro and City State Administration\" — so Oschadbank and the Kyiv City State Administration are both named alongside the metro.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cfa742b181f44987",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the project partners claim Kyiv was the fifth metro worldwide to do so, after London",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69392f6ce5ee6e8e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The partner writes: \"This makes Kyiv second to only London in the adoption of 'one validator-all payment means' principle and the fifth city worldwide to introduce cards and other banking devices (such as smartphones or smartwatches) as means of payment.\" The entry correctly presents this as the partners' own claim rather than as a fact.",
      "caveat": "The source makes two separate claims and the passage merges them. It ranks Kyiv second after London for the 'one validator, all payment means' principle, and fifth in the world for accepting cards and devices — it does not say Kyiv was fifth after London. The source also says 'city', not 'metro', and offers no list of the four cities said to come first.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cc2fa09e4f1a97da",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the launch was single-scheme at first",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69392f6ce5ee6e8e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The announcement describes a MasterCard PayPass project throughout, names Mastercard as the only payment scheme in the consortium, and mentions no other scheme anywhere in the text.",
      "caveat": "This rests on what the source does not say. The announcement documents a Mastercard project and never states that cards of other schemes were refused at the gates, so the single-scheme reading is an inference rather than something the source asserts.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-490374118fbb4a45",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Mastercard counted over 88 million contactless turnstile rides by November 2019",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b4b86fb83cd1b189"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Mastercard post carries the sentence \"In Kyiv, over 88 million rides have been paid contactless at the turnstiles since Mastercard contactless technology was launched in Kyiv metro in 2015.\" The page itself refuses automated retrieval and returned an access error, so no locator string could be taken from the page directly; the wording was recovered from the search index and should be confirmed against the page in a browser.",
      "caveat": "The figure is the payment scheme's own count, published by the scheme itself. The source gives no end date — it says only 'since 2015' — so the November 2019 cut-off is inferred from the month the post appeared. It is also unclear whether the number counts every contactless tap or only Mastercard ones.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-604c9348931df1a3",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "That autumn the city moved to withdraw the metro token: the end of October 2019 was announced as the final deadline",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bb861ddf59600c75"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article quotes Natalia Makogon, adviser to the head of the municipal enterprise Kyiv Metropoliten: \"30 жовтня - це буде останній день жетона в метро\" (30 October will be the last day of the token in the metro), and lists tokens as usable until that date.",
      "caveat": "The source is an announcement published on 7 June 2019, nearly five months before the date it names, so it records an intention rather than an outcome. No source listed here confirms that tokens actually stopped being accepted at the end of October 2019, and none of them describes the token as dating from the Soviet era.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f8304e825d0688a8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "with bank cards and the reloadable Kyiv Smart Card replacing it",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bb861ddf59600c75",
       "src-c0ac6ebfd597ed91"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 5.ua article lists the replacement media as the reloadable Kyiv Smart Card with a 15-hryvnia deposit, contactless PayPass bank cards, and monthly passes: \"Безконтактна банківська картка PayPass. Працює на маркованих жовтих турнікетах.\" The Kyiv City Council page separately confirms that QR tickets are a current city fare service: \"QR-квитки: створюйте квитки для себе або друзів.\"",
      "caveat": "The two halves of this list come from different moments. The 2019 article names only the Kyiv Smart Card, PayPass bank cards and passes; it does not mention QR tickets at all. QR tickets are documented only as a service of the city app today, so grouping them with the 2019 replacement set overstates what the sources show.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3f5d6875cf82da33",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Over 88 million rides paid by contactless bank card at the turnstiles between 2015 and November 2019 (Mastercard's own count)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b4b86fb83cd1b189"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Mastercard post states \"In Kyiv, over 88 million rides have been paid contactless at the turnstiles since Mastercard contactless technology was launched in Kyiv metro in 2015.\" The entry is explicit that this is the scheme's own count. The page blocks automated retrieval and returned an access error, so no locator could be taken from it directly; the sentence was recovered from the search index.",
      "caveat": "No independent party has checked this number, and the scheme that published it is also the party whose product it measures. The source names no end date, so the November 2019 endpoint comes from the publication month rather than from the text.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0a5495f474289f0c",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the operator announced the end of October 2019 as the last day tokens would be accepted",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bb861ddf59600c75"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article reports the metro's stated plan, quoting adviser Natalia Makogon that 30 October would be the last day of the token. It reports the deadline as announced; it does not report the withdrawal as having taken place, and it says nothing about how long tokens had been in use.",
      "caveat": "This states as a completed fact something the source only announces in advance, five months ahead of the date. The claim that the tokens dated from the Soviet era appears in none of the sources listed here.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-e43ab2ce36b6eb32",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Kyiv ran bank-card turnstiles for four years alongside tokens before announcing their withdrawal in 2019",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69392f6ce5ee6e8e",
       "src-bb861ddf59600c75"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The two dates come from two sources: the partner announcement puts the start of contactless bank-card acceptance at 19 June 2015, and the 2019 article reports the metro naming 30 October 2019 as the last day of the token. Between those dates both media were in use, which is the four-year overlap the passage describes.",
      "caveat": "The overlap is the entry's own arithmetic across two sources rather than a statement either of them makes. The closing date is an announced deadline, not a confirmed withdrawal, so the length of the overlap may have been longer than four years.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5b11e208bbaedea1",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the count of who actually taps comes from the card scheme, not an auditor",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b4b86fb83cd1b189"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The only ridership figure in the entry is the 88 million published by Mastercard on its own newsroom, which makes the passage an accurate description of where the number originates. None of the sources listed is an audit body or an independent evaluation.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-69392f6ce5ee6e8e",
      "title": "Card Systems / ASTEK consortium — Kyiv metro adopts MasterCard PayPass (project partner)",
      "url": "https://card-sys.com/eng/news/U_Kivskomu_metropolten_vprovadzheno_proekt_MasterCard_PayPass",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "card-sys.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-6f48b10aba9ac602",
       "clm-26726df929faf62e",
       "clm-cfa742b181f44987",
       "clm-cc2fa09e4f1a97da",
       "clm-e43ab2ce36b6eb32"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Launch date 19 June 2015, 17 central stations, consortium members (CS-Mechatronics, Bancomzvjazok, Mastercard, Oschadbank, Kyiv Metro, KCSA), 'fifth city worldwide' claim — partner self-description, attributed",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-b4b86fb83cd1b189",
      "title": "Mastercard Newsroom (technology partner, Nov 2019)",
      "url": "https://www.mastercard.com/news/europe/en/blog-posts/en/2019/november/stand-in-line-to-get-a-ticket-just-tap-and-ride/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "mastercard.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-490374118fbb4a45",
       "clm-3f5d6875cf82da33",
       "clm-5b11e208bbaedea1"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "'In Kyiv, over 88 million rides have been paid contactless at the turnstiles since … 2015' — scheme-reported figure",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-bb861ddf59600c75",
      "title": "5.ua — 'Metro without tokens' (press, 2019)",
      "url": "https://www.5.ua/suspilstvo/metro-bez-zhetoniv-varianty-oplaty-proizdu-v-hromadskomu-transporti-oberit-naizruchnishi-193700.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "5.ua",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-604c9348931df1a3",
       "clm-f8304e825d0688a8",
       "clm-0a5495f474289f0c",
       "clm-e43ab2ce36b6eb32"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-06-07",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Token withdrawal deadline end of October 2019 (metro advisor Natalia Makogon) and the replacement media: bank cards, QR e-ticket, Kyiv Smart Card, passes",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-c0ac6ebfd597ed91",
      "title": "Kyiv City Council — Kyiv Digital app page (authority)",
      "url": "https://kyivcity.gov.ua/miskiy_zastosunok_kyiv_tsifroviy/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "kyivcity.gov.ua",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-f8304e825d0688a8"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Confirms the fare system is live today: QR tickets, digital transport card and virtual validation are current city services",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}