{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "kolkata-cesc-ami-smart-metering", "title": "CESC Advanced Metering Infrastructure & Smart Meter Pilot (Kolkata)", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/kolkata-cesc-ami-smart-metering/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-22T09:02:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-08-02", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 4 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:cfa20ab1e01c45671b77e6bd08732600b363f7c7e930d2e47f759c153fe9b9ca", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-08-02", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:89feaa42359c93cc240eb1bf583ea9a6dd86ac2a0422bae62709f82d86a98fdc", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2015, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "CESC Limited", "actorTypes": [ "utility" ], "fundingModel": "private", "fundingDescription": null, "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-d34eba68216c9425", "field": "snippet", "text": "CESC, Kolkata's power distributor", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b25eb9fdaa211ea0" ], "supportNote": "The joint announcement identifies CESC as the utility whose Kolkata distribution grid is being networked: \"CESC Limited, India's leading fully integrated electrical company with over 2.9 million customer connections and serving over 17 million people in the state of West Bengal\". Its chairman, Sanjiv Goenka, speaks for the company in the release. The word \"private\" appears in none of the listed sources.", "caveat": "No listed source describes CESC's ownership. The release calls it \"India's leading fully integrated electrical company\", which covers generation as well as distribution, and does not say the company is privately held.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6e206c313d986fcf", "field": "snippet", "text": "partnered with Silver Spring Networks in December 2015", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b25eb9fdaa211ea0" ], "supportNote": "The release is datelined \"Kolkata, India – December 8, 2015\" and states that CESC \"and Silver Spring Networks (NYSE: SSNI) today announced a collaboration to deploy an advanced, multi-application smart energy and smart city network in the city of Kolkata\".", "caveat": "The December 2015 document announces a collaboration and a Memorandum of Understanding rather than reporting work already carried out.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-01e1066d026c53f3", "field": "snippet", "text": "to deploy an IPv6/6LoWPAN wireless network", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b25eb9fdaa211ea0" ], "supportNote": "The release says the collaboration \"creates a framework to extend Silver Spring's globally proven IPv6 / 6LowPAN networking platform throughout CESC's service territory\", and describes that platform as \"built on the IEEE 802.15.4g interoperability profile (Wi-SUN)\".", "caveat": "The release spells the standard \"6LowPAN\" and never uses the word \"wireless\"; that the network is a radio network follows from the IEEE 802.15.4g (Wi-SUN) profile it names.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6c97e8c3f080d2a3", "field": "snippet", "text": "for Advanced Metering Infrastructure and Distribution Automation", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b25eb9fdaa211ea0", "src-0b1ba095aa287494" ], "supportNote": "The December 2015 release builds \"on the two companies' successful Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Distribution Automation (DA) demonstration project\". The September 2016 award release states that \"Silver Spring is deploying Starfish, its IPv6 public cloud IoT network and data platform, for CESC in Kolkata for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Distribution Automation (DA) applications\".", "caveat": "In the 2015 sentence, AMI and DA name the earlier demonstration project the collaboration builds on rather than the scope of the new network.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bab4f2b6d2f8bead", "field": "snippet", "text": "starting with a pilot of roughly 25,000 smart meters", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b25eb9fdaa211ea0" ], "supportNote": "The release states: \"The initial phase of the deployment will connect approximately 25,000 customers and automate CESC's electricity distribution grid.\"", "caveat": "The release counts customers to be connected in a planned initial phase, not smart meters installed, and it is written in the future tense — neither the word \"pilot\" nor the words \"smart meter\" appear anywhere in it. No listed source reports how many meters were finally installed.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1709070b699ae09d", "field": "snippet", "text": "work that won the 2016 Asian Power \"Smart Grid Project of the Year\" award", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-0b1ba095aa287494", "src-b239a6ad7b866eb1" ], "supportNote": "The September 2016 announcement states that CESC \"today won the 'Smart Grid Project of the Year' award at the Asian Power Awards for its program with Silver Spring Networks, Inc.\", and quotes chairman Sanjiv Goenka: \"We're extremely proud to have been acknowledged by the industry as the 'Smart Grid Project of the Year' for our work with Silver Spring Networks.\" The February 2017 release places the award in a year, calling Kolkata \"an award-winning IoT program ... recognized as the 'Smart Grid Project of the Year' at the 2016 Asian Power Awards\"; that wire page answers automated retrieval with an error, and this wording was read on the vendor's own copy of the identical release.", "caveat": "Both texts are the technology supplier's own announcements. The award names the CESC–Silver Spring Kolkata programme as a whole, not the 25,000-connection phase in particular, and the September 2016 text itself gives no year — the year comes from the article's date and from the later release.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-cf766d3e3c1d3fff", "field": "snippet", "text": "Automated Meter Reading now covers all distribution transformers and large HT/LT bulk consumers", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-7cec47fafcd3910f" ], "supportNote": "Under the heading \"BEST IN CLASS METERING INITIATIVES\", the operator's own technology page states: \"All the Distribution Transformers, HT & LT bulk Consumers are equipped with AMR (Automated Meter Reading) enabled meters which facilitates remote billing, outage monitoring etc.\"", "caveat": "CESC does not describe AMR as one-way, and nowhere contrasts it with two-way smart metering — that reading is the atlas's own. The page gives no meter counts and carries no date, so it states the arrangement without saying when it was reached.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f2764fcea648e316", "field": "snippet", "text": "while true smart meters are described as deployed only \"at strategic locations,\" not as a mass residential rollout", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-7cec47fafcd3910f" ], "supportNote": "The same section reads: \"Smart meters are also being deployed at strategic locations looking at specific benefits, which provides real-time insights about the electrical parameters at Consumer's end and helps to take necessary actions.\"", "caveat": "CESC writes \"also being deployed at strategic locations\" without the word \"only\" and without any number; that there is no mass residential rollout is inferred from the page's silence rather than stated on it. \"At strategic locations\" is also this page's stock phrase, used in the same way for high-voltage automation and self-healing switchgear.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-61495a48536e0fea", "field": "lesson", "text": "A pilot with a strong industry launch and a real award", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b25eb9fdaa211ea0", "src-0b1ba095aa287494" ], "supportNote": "The launch is the joint announcement of December 8, 2015, in which CESC and Silver Spring Networks announce \"a collaboration to deploy an advanced, multi-application smart energy and smart city network in the city of Kolkata\". The award is the win reported on September 22, 2016: CESC \"today won the 'Smart Grid Project of the Year' award at the Asian Power Awards\".", "caveat": "\"Pilot\" is the atlas's word: the December 2015 release calls the 25,000-customer stage the \"initial phase\" of a deployment and refers to an earlier AMI and DA \"demonstration project\".", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9f45509a894679f1", "field": "lesson", "text": "the utility's own guarded language ('strategic locations') is the tell", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-7cec47fafcd3910f" ], "supportNote": "The phrase is CESC's own. Its technology page says smart meters \"are also being deployed at strategic locations looking at specific benefits\", and gives no number, no share of consumers and no timetable for going further.", "caveat": "\"At strategic locations\" is the standard phrase of this page rather than a hedge reserved for metering: the same wording describes high-voltage automation at pumping stations and hospitals and the self-healing network at ring main units and substations.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-b25eb9fdaa211ea0", "title": "CESC and Silver Spring Networks Collaborate in Kolkata India (Itron)", "url": "https://de.itron.com/de/w/cesc-and-silver-spring-networks-collaborate-in-kolkata-india", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "de.itron.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-d34eba68216c9425", "clm-6e206c313d986fcf", "clm-01e1066d026c53f3", "clm-6c97e8c3f080d2a3", "clm-bab4f2b6d2f8bead", "clm-61495a48536e0fea" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2015-12-08", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-02", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "December 2015 announcement of the ~25,000-meter pilot across two Kolkata localities using IPv6/6LoWPAN for AMI and Distribution Automation", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-0b1ba095aa287494", "title": "CESC Wins Smart Grid Project of the Year With Silver Spring Networks", "url": "https://www.eqmagpro.com/cesc-wins-smart-grid-project-of-the-year-with-silver-spring-networks/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "eqmagpro.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-6c97e8c3f080d2a3", "clm-1709070b699ae09d", "clm-61495a48536e0fea" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2016-09-22", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-02", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Confirms the 2016 Asian Power Awards recognition for the Kolkata AMI/DA pilot", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-7cec47fafcd3910f", "title": "CESC — Technology & Digitalization", "url": "https://www.cesc.co.in/technologyDigitalization", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "cesc.co.in", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-cf766d3e3c1d3fff", "clm-f2764fcea648e316", "clm-9f45509a894679f1" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-02", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Operator's current (2026) self-description: AMR now covers all distribution transformers and HT/LT bulk consumers; smart meters described only as deployed 'at strategic locations'", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-b239a6ad7b866eb1", "title": "CESC Expands Silver Spring Networks IoT Platform to Kota and Bharatpur, India", "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170221006016/en/CESC-Expands-Silver-Spring-Networks-IoT-Platform-to-Kota-and-Bharatpur-India", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "businesswire.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1709070b699ae09d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-02", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Cross-reference confirming the Kolkata deployment stayed pilot-scale (25,000 meters) relative to CESC's larger rollouts elsewhere (Kota, Bharatpur)", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 10, "claimsMapped": 10, "sourcesTotal": 4, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }