{
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 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
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  "id": "khartoum-bankak-lifeline",
  "title": "Bankak: a Banking App as Wartime Lifeline",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/khartoum-bankak-lifeline/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-20-source-dates-b2",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-15-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-15T18:19:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-15",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 6 source dossiers.",
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   },
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    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
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     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
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      "ended": null
     }
    },
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     "operator": "Bank of Khartoum (private commercial bank)",
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    },
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       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "with bank branches in Khartoum and Omdurman looted and cash supplies halted",
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      "supportNote": "The New Arab reported in May 2023 that banks in Khartoum and Omdurman were targeted by looting and bombing, halting cash supplies.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "buy groceries, pay for transport and receive remittances from abroad",
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      "supportNote": "Both outlets describe the app being used nationwide for groceries, transport and remittances from abroad during the war.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "text": "staying down for as long as four days in a row",
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the nationwide telecom blackout of February 2024",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "after RSF fighters took control of providers' data centres in Khartoum",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-3241f971f9f502ec",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "traders charge commissions of 10-25% to convert app balances back into cash",
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      "supportNote": "Humanitarian reporting documents commissions of 10-25% charged to turn Bankak balances into banknotes.",
      "caveat": "Rates documented in Darfur and Kordofan, the worst-hit regions; in besieged El Fasher premiums ran higher still.",
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "an 85% increase in app activations since the start of the war",
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      "supportNote": "The bank's board chair, Fadl Mohamed Khair, gave the 85% activation-increase figure to The New Humanitarian.",
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       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "around seven million users by February 2024",
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       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-e11b09358c22e696",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "families reported cutting back to one meal a day when the app was down",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Activist Hala al-Karib told The New Arab that civilians reduced food consumption to one meal a day because Bankak was not working.",
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       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "id": "src-21695da25ed56809",
      "title": "The New Humanitarian — Digital money apps become a lifeline for war-affected Sudanese (7 Feb 2024)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Carries the 2014 launch, the 85% activation rise and ~7 million users (bank board chair Fadl Mohamed Khair), uses and limits. Site returns 403 to automated fetches; figures confirmed via search snippets and the allAfrica syndication of the same piece.",
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      "id": "src-9115023a0c970b3f",
      "title": "The New Arab — Millions stranded as banking app goes offline (12 May 2023)",
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "May 2023: app down up to four days in a row, looted branches in Khartoum and Omdurman, reliance for groceries/transport/remittances, one-meal-a-day quote (Hala al-Karib). Fetched and read in full.",
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      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-0ccbcbb9d1d2d243",
      "title": "Al Jazeera — Network blackout cuts communications for millions in war-torn Sudan (7 Feb 2024)",
      "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/7/network-blackout-cuts-communications-for-millions-in-war-torn-sudan",
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       "updatedAt": null,
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The February 2024 nationwide network blackout and its effect on people dependent on mobile money amid the cash shortage.",
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      },
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       "contentHash": null,
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      "id": "src-9f33c9df805b5e2d",
      "title": "Access Now — #KeepItOn: Sudan's communications shutdown must be reversed urgently (2024)",
      "url": "https://www.accessnow.org/press-release/keepiton-sudan-shutdown/",
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       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Digital-rights documentation of the February 2024 communications shutdown and the reported RSF takeover of providers' facilities in Khartoum.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-22ddaba3b5326256",
      "title": "Bank of Khartoum — Bankak (operator page)",
      "url": "https://bankofkhartoum.com/sudan/digital/bankak/bankak-account",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "bankofkhartoum.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator's own description of the app: accounts, transfers and bill payments (including SEDC electricity). Confirms the service is live in 2026.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-f643a1c719797300",
      "title": "ReliefWeb — Cash crisis exacerbates famine in Darfur and Kordofan",
      "url": "https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/cash-crisis-exacerbates-famine-darfur-and-kordofan",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "reliefweb.int",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-15",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Documents 10-25% commissions charged by traders to convert Bankak balances into cash in Darfur and Kordofan, higher in besieged El Fasher.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 10,
     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-20-source-dates-b2",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-20T17:00:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-15",
   "changeType": "update",
   "summary": "Record the publication date of each source that states one; sources that publish no date are marked null.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
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    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
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   "snapshotHash": "sha256:fe8f61f67cc99be4b6a7a556935292f0f96984b251a0387f5cd988590232c4e5",
   "snapshot": {
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    "assurance": {
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     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
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      "complete-source-dossier",
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    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
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      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Bank of Khartoum (private commercial bank)",
     "actorTypes": [
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     "fundingModel": "private",
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    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-def9a2364d57ea88",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "launched in 2014",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The New Humanitarian reports the Bank of Khartoum developed the app in 2014.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-49c8e377327a5e57",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "with bank branches in Khartoum and Omdurman looted and cash supplies halted",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The New Arab reported in May 2023 that banks in Khartoum and Omdurman were targeted by looting and bombing, halting cash supplies.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5962ef3a47330cc3",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "buy groceries, pay for transport and receive remittances from abroad",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Both outlets describe the app being used nationwide for groceries, transport and remittances from abroad during the war.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-99862cc827c893b1",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "staying down for as long as four days in a row",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The New Arab reported the app had been down for as long as four days in a row in May 2023.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-95ab2cfe2a05cd27",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the nationwide telecom blackout of February 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Access Now and Al Jazeera documented the nationwide communications shutdown that began in early February 2024, cutting off all three mobile operators.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-afd3f2e177767ada",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "after RSF fighters took control of providers' data centres in Khartoum",
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      "text": "around seven million users by February 2024",
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      "text": "families reported cutting back to one meal a day when the app was down",
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      "title": "The New Humanitarian — Digital money apps become a lifeline for war-affected Sudanese (7 Feb 2024)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Carries the 2014 launch, the 85% activation rise and ~7 million users (bank board chair Fadl Mohamed Khair), uses and limits. Site returns 403 to automated fetches; figures confirmed via search snippets and the allAfrica syndication of the same piece.",
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      "title": "The New Arab — Millions stranded as banking app goes offline (12 May 2023)",
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       "value": "May 2023: app down up to four days in a row, looted branches in Khartoum and Omdurman, reliance for groceries/transport/remittances, one-meal-a-day quote (Hala al-Karib). Fetched and read in full.",
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      "title": "Access Now — #KeepItOn: Sudan's communications shutdown must be reversed urgently (2024)",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-22ddaba3b5326256",
      "title": "Bank of Khartoum — Bankak (operator page)",
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       "value": "Operator's own description of the app: accounts, transfers and bill payments (including SEDC electricity). Confirms the service is live in 2026.",
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      },
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      "title": "ReliefWeb — Cash crisis exacerbates famine in Darfur and Kordofan",
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      "publisher": {
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Documents 10-25% commissions charged by traders to convert Bankak balances into cash in Darfur and Kordofan, higher in besieged El Fasher.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 5,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}