{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "johannesburg-air-quality-monitoring", "title": "Johannesburg's Ambient Air-Quality Stations: Measured, Published, Vandalised", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/johannesburg-air-quality-monitoring/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-10-11-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-10-11-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-10-11T20:15:48Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-10-11", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 18 claims and 10 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:b5255ca07db786b0f4b918205d3d8952e6e61860c2494ff864ca49feabc738fd", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-10-11", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:ccce46285d7748bf93ec188bbbdc547d04d384bbfefc86818cd34917f3d1d732", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2004, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "City of Johannesburg, Environment and Infrastructure Services Department (Air Quality Management Unit); data published on SAAQIS, hosted by the national Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment", "actorTypes": [ "city-government", "national-government" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": "City of Johannesburg budget; the City said in June 2019 it had spent over R5 million since 2004 building and revamping the stations", "cost": "Over R5 million spent building and revamping the stations between 2004 and 2019 (City figure, June 2019); the 2019 plan estimated R2 862 500 per year over four years to equip every station for all criteria pollutants", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-41016919edee5c49", "field": "snippet", "text": "Johannesburg's Environment and Infrastructure Services Department has run ambient air-quality stations since 2004, when six were set up in Alexandra, Buccleuch, Delta Park, Jabavu, Newtown and Orange Farm", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-65995158764a56c3", "src-ec26fc90282ef77e" ], "supportNote": "The City's 2019 plan states that its ambient monitoring network was first established in 2004, with six stations initially set up in Alexandra, Buccleuch, Delta Park, Jabavu, Newtown and Orange Farm. The 2022 statement is issued by the Environment and Infrastructure Services Department as the operator of the stations.", "caveat": "A City article of September 2024 says the Alexandra station at Eastbank Clinic was established in 2002, and a 2009 national State of Air chapter counts eight City stations in 2004; the plan's 2004 date is used because it is the City's own account of the network.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1e74c31a231a69bb", "field": "snippet", "text": "Diepsloot and Ivory Park followed in 2009 and a mobile station in Davidsonville in 2015", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-65995158764a56c3" ], "supportNote": "The plan states that the network was expanded in 2009 with the Diepsloot and Ivory Park stations and in 2015 with the mobile station in Davidsonville.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2f43bb61ec4995c5", "field": "snippet", "text": "Hourly averages go to SAAQIS, the national environment department's portal", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-65995158764a56c3", "src-e2c539577043145b", "src-ce8e6f010647c3bf" ], "supportNote": "The plan describes the City's monitoring data as hourly averages held in the SAAQIS database; the 2019 statement says the information is public on SAAQIS, hosted and maintained by the national environment department; the 2026 national statement points to SAAQIS at saaqis.environment.gov.za as the department's system.", "caveat": "The 2019 statement names the predecessor Department of Environmental Affairs; the department has since been renamed.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-cf5e639503933dd1", "field": "snippet", "text": "The City counted nine stations in 2019 and eight in 2025", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e2c539577043145b", "src-ecd7941d583a2a02" ], "supportNote": "The June 2019 newsroom item says the city has nine monitoring stations across all regions; the September 2025 item says the City operates eight air quality monitoring stations providing real-time data.", "caveat": "The City already said eight in September 2022, the same week Daily Maverick reported nine with seven operational; no City document explains which station left the count.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bf36d09f265bd1ee", "field": "snippet", "text": "In March 2026 the Alexandra and Buccleuch stations detected a city-wide sulphur smell, Alexandra peaking at 36–37 ppb of hydrogen sulphide", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d0b82685eb541581" ], "supportNote": "The City's statement of 11 March 2026 says monitoring data confirmed elevated hydrogen sulphide at the Buccleuch and Alexandra stations, with spikes on 9 and 10 March, and that at the Alexandra station H2S peaked at approximately 36–37 parts per billion.", "caveat": "The 36–37 ppb figure is the City's own reading for Alexandra; the statement gives no number for Buccleuch.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-dd6b5c222cf32f88", "field": "snippet", "text": "the City's 2019 plan found data availability \"highly variable\" and falling", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-65995158764a56c3" ], "supportNote": "Section 3.2 of the plan states that data availability per station per year was highly variable and had decreased substantially over the 2004–2015 analysis period, so no trend analysis was performed.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-684fec7f267cad6c", "field": "snippet", "text": "Davidsonville was offline for more than three years after vandalism", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ec26fc90282ef77e", "src-2f3fd550e33d468e" ], "supportNote": "The City's September 2022 statement quotes the MMC that the Davidsonville station had been offline for more than three years following unabated vandalism and theft; Daily Maverick reports the station was left unoperational for more than three years after its doors were stripped and equipment damaged.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-95120259c76aac51", "field": "snippet", "text": "Delta Park has been shut since 2015", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-32920269a9103596", "src-ec26fc90282ef77e", "src-65995158764a56c3" ], "supportNote": "Daily Maverick, reporting the Gauteng MEC's figures in October 2025, states that Delta Park in Johannesburg has been shut since 2015 for security reasons and is awaiting relocation; the City said in 2022 the station was still derelict due to vandalism, and the plan's 2016 site visit found it shut with all instruments removed.", "caveat": "The three sources give different reasons: security reasons (province, 2025), vandalism (City, 2022), instruments removed (plan, 2016).", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-508b91dc6baf866c", "field": "impact", "text": "No reading triggers an automatic response, and no source states an effect of the network on pollution levels", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-65995158764a56c3", "src-d0b82685eb541581" ], "supportNote": "The plan states the purpose of monitoring as informing decisions, policy and the assessment of interventions; the City's March 2026 statement describes an advisory and an escalation after readings, not a threshold-bound action. None of the ten sources read reports a measured change in air quality attributable to the network.", "caveat": "A statement of absence: it rests on what the sources do not say.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-48ce508e6d50682b", "field": "impact", "text": "the City reported hydrogen sulphide peaking at 36–37 ppb and sulphur dioxide at around 52 ppb at Alexandra, advised residents to stay indoors and escalated the question of the source to the national and provincial departments", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d0b82685eb541581" ], "supportNote": "The statement quotes the executive director that at the Alexandra station H2S peaked at approximately 36–37 ppb while sulphur dioxide peaked at around 52 ppb, advises residents to remain indoors during strong odours, and says the matter was escalated to the national Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment and the Gauteng Department of Environment.", "caveat": "Operator self-report; the City's statement says the levels remained close to background and below those usually linked to significant short-term health risk.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ce82e0e6d0c22280", "field": "impact", "text": "the national department cited Buccleuch alongside Secunda, Springs, Irene and Midstream as stations whose peaks exceeded the WHO nuisance-odour threshold of 5.02 ppb, and attributed the plume to Mpumalanga", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ce8e6f010647c3bf" ], "supportNote": "The department's statement says SAAQIS data showed elevated hydrogen sulphide peaks especially at the Secunda, Springs, Irene (Pretoria), Midstream and Buccleuch stations, all significantly above the WHO recommended threshold for ambient nuisance odour of 5.02 parts per billion, and that prevailing south-easterly winds transported pollution from Mpumalanga into Gauteng.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8a9804d1654feb12", "field": "impact", "text": "a 2024 national report records seven City stations operational over the past five years, with four to five reporting above 75% data recovery", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ee29ba30e7c6a9b1" ], "supportNote": "The Gauteng inputs slide of the national State of Air presentation (September 2024) states that 7 of the City of Johannesburg's stations have been operational over the past five years and that 4 to 5 stations report above 75% data recovery.", "caveat": "A slide of provincial inputs to a governance presentation, not an audit; it does not name the stations or define the five-year window.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-36c1114df4d64afb", "field": "lesson", "text": "Buccleuch and the Crown interchange were vandalised before 2019", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e2c539577043145b" ], "supportNote": "In June 2019 the MMC said two of the City's stations had been vandalised in the past, one at the Crown interchange and one in Buccleuch.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7d74cfb50d4fe40e", "field": "lesson", "text": "Davidsonville stood dark for over three years, Delta Park has been shut since 2015 and awaits relocation", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ec26fc90282ef77e", "src-32920269a9103596" ], "supportNote": "The City's 2022 statement says Davidsonville had been offline for more than three years after vandalism and theft; Daily Maverick (October 2025) reports that Delta Park has been shut since 2015 for security reasons and is awaiting relocation.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6f73da736f77861e", "field": "lesson", "text": "the City's plan dropped Ivory Park and Diepsloot from its 2004–2015 assessment for low data availability", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-65995158764a56c3" ], "supportNote": "Section 3.2 of the plan states that, due to the low data availability percentages for Ivory Park and Diepsloot, they were not included in the assessment of the 2004–2015 data.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f44010b3745ce0a7", "field": "lesson", "text": "Alexandra, was recorded as shut down since 2010 at the City's 2016 site visit", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-65995158764a56c3" ], "supportNote": "Table 4 of the plan gives the status of each station at the May–June 2016 site visits and records the Alexandra station as not operational, shut down since 2010.", "caveat": "The table cell is split across lines in the PDF; the locator is the second half of the phrase.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3dcc4305bf6ff440", "field": "lesson", "text": "it was the hydrogen sulphide monitoring the City added after the 2022 odour episode that let it speak", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ce8e6f010647c3bf" ], "supportNote": "The national department's statement says that since 2022 the City of Johannesburg has invested in two additional hydrogen sulphide monitoring stations in Alexandra and Buccleuch, listed among the steps taken after the February 2022 odour episode.", "caveat": "The department calls them additional stations; whether they are new analysers at the existing Alexandra and Buccleuch sites or separate installations is not stated.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ec144a4d634ebe7b", "field": "lesson", "text": "the regulatory answer to sulphur — a tighter national emission limit — followed a 2022 investigation, not a city threshold", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ce8e6f010647c3bf" ], "supportNote": "The statement says that following the 2022 incident two legislative improvements were identified, including tightening the hydrogen sulphide emission limit for coal gasification from 3500 to 600 mg per cubic metre, published for comment in August 2025, and that the 2022 investigation found Sasol Secunda operating within legal limits that were not enough to protect public health.", "caveat": "The tighter limit is a proposal published for comment, which the department expects to finalise during 2026; it is not yet in force.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-65995158764a56c3", "title": "City of Johannesburg — Air Quality Management Plan (October 2019)", "url": "https://joburg.org.za/documents_/Documents/AQMP%202019.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "joburg.org.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-41016919edee5c49", "clm-1e74c31a231a69bb", "clm-2f43bb61ec4995c5", "clm-dd6b5c222cf32f88", "clm-95120259c76aac51", "clm-508b91dc6baf866c", "clm-6f73da736f77861e", "clm-f44010b3745ce0a7" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The City's air quality management plan, dated October 2019. Section 3.1 states the network was first established in 2004 with six stations (Alexandra, Buccleuch, Delta Park, Jabavu, Newtown, Orange Farm), expanded in 2009 (Diepsloot, Ivory Park) and in 2015 (mobile station, Davidsonville), and now consists of nine stations; Table 4 records each station's status at the May–June 2016 site visits (Buccleuch not operational due to power problems, Alexandra shut down since 2010, Delta Park shut with all instruments removed, Newtown not operational, Orange Farm, Jabavu, Diepsloot, Ivory Park and Davidsonville operational); section 3.2 states that data availability per station per year was highly variable and decreased substantially over 2004–2015, and that Ivory Park and Diepsloot were excluded from the assessment for low data availability. Table 21 estimates approximately R2 862 500 per year over four years to expand all stations to all criteria pollutants.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-e2c539577043145b", "title": "City of Johannesburg — City unveils revamped air quality monitoring station (7 Jun 2019)", "url": "https://joburg.org.za/media_/Newsroom/Pages/2019%20Newsroom%20Articles/June%202019/City-unveils-revamped-air-quality-monitoring-station--.aspx", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "joburg.org.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2f43bb61ec4995c5", "clm-cf5e639503933dd1", "clm-36c1114df4d64afb" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-06-07", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "City newsroom item on the relaunch of the Orange Farm station. States that the city has nine monitoring stations across all regions, that since 2004 the City has spent over R5 million building and revamping them, that two stations (Crown interchange and Buccleuch) were vandalised in the past, and that the data is public on SAAQIS, hosted by the national environment department.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ec26fc90282ef77e", "title": "City of Johannesburg — City of Joburg commemorates International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies (8 Sep 2022)", "url": "https://joburg.org.za/media_/Pages/Media/Media%20Statements/2022%20Media%20Statements/September/International-Day-of-Clean-Air-for-Blue-Skies.aspx", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "joburg.org.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-41016919edee5c49", "clm-684fec7f267cad6c", "clm-95120259c76aac51", "clm-7d74cfb50d4fe40e" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2022-09-08", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "City media statement on the re-commissioning of the Davidsonville station. States the station had been offline for more than three years following vandalism and theft, that the City operates eight stations across all regions reporting to SAAQIS, that the Delta Park station is still derelict due to vandalism, that the City also uses low-cost sensors, and that the Air Quality Management Plan had recently been adopted.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ecd7941d583a2a02", "title": "City of Johannesburg — Joburg marks International Day for Clean Air for Blue Skies with week-long campaign (5 Sep 2025)", "url": "https://joburg.org.za/media_/Newsroom/Pages/2025-News-Articles/Joburg-marks-International-Day-for-Clean-Air-for-Blue-Skies-with-week-long-campaign.aspx", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "joburg.org.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-cf5e639503933dd1" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-09-05", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "City newsroom item on Clean Air Week 2025. States that the City operates eight air quality monitoring stations that provide real-time data, accessible to the public through the SAAQIS website and app.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d0b82685eb541581", "title": "City of Johannesburg — City of Johannesburg provides update on persistent sulphur-like odour (11 Mar 2026)", "url": "https://joburg.org.za/media_/Documents/2026-Media-Statements/Air-Quality-March-2026-V1.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "joburg.org.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-bf36d09f265bd1ee", "clm-508b91dc6baf866c", "clm-48ce508e6d50682b" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-11", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "City media statement on the sulphur-like odour of 9–10 March 2026. States that monitoring confirmed elevated hydrogen sulphide at the Buccleuch and Alexandra stations, that at the Alexandra station H2S peaked at approximately 36–37 ppb and sulphur dioxide at around 52 ppb, that the matter was escalated to the national and Gauteng environment departments, that residents were advised to remain indoors during strong odours, and that the City hosts no major heavy industrial operations.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ce8e6f010647c3bf", "title": "Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment — Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment on sulphurous odour across parts of Gauteng (12 Mar 2026)", "url": "https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/forestry-fisheries-and-environment-sulphurous-odour-across-parts-gauteng-12-mar-2026", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gov.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2f43bb61ec4995c5", "clm-ce82e0e6d0c22280", "clm-3dcc4305bf6ff440", "clm-ec144a4d634ebe7b" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-12", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "National department statement on the same episode. States that SAAQIS data showed hydrogen sulphide peaks at the Secunda, Springs, Irene, Midstream and Buccleuch stations above the WHO nuisance-odour threshold of 5.02 ppb, that south-easterly winds carried pollution from Mpumalanga into Gauteng, that since 2022 the City of Johannesburg has invested in two additional hydrogen sulphide monitoring stations in Alexandra and Buccleuch, and that after the 2022 investigation the department proposed tightening the hydrogen sulphide emission limit for coal gasification from 3500 to 600 mg per cubic metre.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ee29ba30e7c6a9b1", "title": "Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment — State of Air Report 2004–2024: Highlights of 20 Years of NEMAQA Implementation (Sep 2024)", "url": "https://saaqis.environment.gov.za/pagesfiles/2024%20State%20of%20Air%20Report%20and%20AQM%20Highlights.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "saaqis.environment.gov.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-8a9804d1654feb12" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Presentation by the National Air Quality Officer to the 18th Air Quality Governance Lekgotla, 2–4 September 2024. The Gauteng inputs slide states that 7 of the City of Johannesburg's stations have been operational over the past five years and that 4 to 5 stations report above 75% data recovery, and that the City secured technical support from C40, GIZ, the World Bank, the Clean Air Fund and Breathe Cities.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-1ef419da7b1af9ee", "title": "Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment — Introducing Low-Cost Sensor Technologies to Improve National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (29 Sep 2025)", "url": "https://saaqis.environment.gov.za/pagesfiles/Session%202.1%20%20Introducing%20Low-Cost%20Sensor%20Technologies%20to%20Improve%20National%20Ambient%20Air%20Quality%20Monitoring_Thabo%20Setshedi.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "saaqis.environment.gov.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-09-29", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Department presentation to the 2025 Air Quality Governance Lekgotla. Its provincial summary lists the City of Johannesburg with six low-cost sensors that are operational but not reporting to SAAQIS, and a plan to deploy 200 sensors in Gauteng across the City of Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni, Tshwane, Sedibeng and the West Rand.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-32920269a9103596", "title": "Daily Maverick — Gauteng's air quality monitoring choking with most stations offline in SA's most polluted province (16 Oct 2025)", "url": "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-10-16-gautengs-air-quality-monitoring-in-crisis-with-most-stations-offline-in-sas-most-polluted-province/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dailymaverick.co.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-95120259c76aac51", "clm-7d74cfb50d4fe40e" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-10-16", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports the Gauteng MEC's figures: of the province's 31 municipal-owned stations 12 are fully operational, three partially and 16 not at all; keeping one station running costs about R500,000 a year in maintenance; and Delta Park in Johannesburg has been shut since 2015 for security reasons and is awaiting relocation. The provincial counts are not Johannesburg's and are not used in the entry.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2f3fd550e33d468e", "title": "Daily Maverick — City of Joburg reopens vandalised air quality monitoring station to clean up 'the air we share' (12 Sep 2022)", "url": "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-09-11-city-of-joburg-reopens-vandalised-air-quality-monitoring-station-to-clean-up-the-air-we-share/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dailymaverick.co.za", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-684fec7f267cad6c" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2022-09-12", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-11", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-11", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report on the Davidsonville relaunch. States the station is one of nine across the city, that seven are operational, that Delta Park is down because of vandalism, that the station also measures solar radiation, wind and humidity, and that its data goes to a local and a national station and is shared on SAAQIS. Byline 12 September 2022, 01:42 SAST; the URL slug carries the UTC date of 11 September.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 18, "claimsMapped": 18, "sourcesTotal": 10, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 9, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 8, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }