{
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 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "istanbul-traffic-control",
  "title": "Istanbul Traffic Control Center & Adaptive Signals (İSBAK)",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/istanbul-traffic-control/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T14:08:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-25",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 7 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:fb71b208862dc22c239a33d11120e71cc3d8cae97cf86d4486af352bffe2280b",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-25",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:b324e3dd2cc36882d5d888374ccae60992a67f8b8d7c694be36535bdb464b57f",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2006,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "ISBAK / İBB",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-f09cf2e687cc7a82",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Istanbul's Metropolitan Municipality runs a citywide Traffic Control Center through İSBAK, its technology arm",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9019e7b009b1b282",
       "src-676f739d8a46d18a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The IMM Open Data organization page for İSBAK states: \"It was founded in 1986 by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ('IBB') to provide vehicle maintenance and repair and carry out traffic signaling services of Istanbul\" — confirming İSBAK is İBB's own subsidiary handling traffic engineering, not an outside firm. The ATAK announcement is itself published on uym.ibb.gov.tr, the domain of İBB's Ulaşım Yönetim Merkezi (Transportation/Traffic Management Center), the body that operates Istanbul's traffic-signal network and issues these news posts — this is the operating body the entry calls the 'Traffic Control Center.'",
      "caveat": "Neither cited page uses the exact phrase \"Traffic Control Center.\" The operating body's formal name is the Ulaşım Yönetim Merkezi (Transportation Management Center). Web search (outside the cited sources) found that İBB opened a physical Traffic Control Center in Taksim in 1997 and moved it to Merter in 2003, but neither date is confirmed by any of the four listed sources.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d013da913e41c2d0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "which has built the city's traffic signals and intelligent-transport systems since the 1980s",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-ffd0b91d0127bd08"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The cited İSBAK 'About Us' page (isbak.istanbul) returned HTTP 503 on every fetch attempt made during this review (the about-us page and the site root, on separate days) — its exact wording could not be verified. Cross-referencing other İBB/İSBAK material found elsewhere: the IMM Open Data organization page confirms İSBAK was founded in 1986 with a mandate that already named 'traffic signaling services' (supporting a 1980s start for signals specifically). But İBB's own signalization service page (uym.ibb.gov.tr/hizmetler/sinyalizasyon, not one of this entry's four listed sources) states 'İstanbul'daki sinyalizasyon sistemlerinin yaygınlaşması ise 90'lı yıllara rastlamaktadır' ('the spread/proliferation of signalization systems in Istanbul dates to the 1990s'), and secondary reporting (a Fortune Turkey profile of İSBAK; a Turkish-Wikipedia-derived search summary) describes İSBAK's shift toward professional intelligent-transport-systems work as beginning with an R&D department founded in 1995 or 1996, with a full ITS focus described as starting only in 2004.",
      "caveat": "The 'traffic signals ... since the 1980s' half is defensible (İSBAK's 1986 founding mandate already named signaling). The 'intelligent-transport systems ... since the 1980s' half is not well supported by the material this review could reach: several secondary sources put İSBAK's ITS specialization roughly a decade or more later than the 1980s — from the mid-1990s (R&D department) to as late as 2004 (stated full ITS focus). This entry's own source note for this citation (in the input file) separately says 'ITS since 1995,' which itself does not match '1980s' in the visible sentence.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-149ef2434ef39864",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a real-time Traffic Density Map fed by roadside cameras and sensors to help drivers reroute",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-54b8365d41d6b1b4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The cited URL (uym.ibb.gov.tr/yharita6/) is a live interactive map application with no extractable descriptive text — repeated fetches returned only the page title, no body content confirming 'real-time', 'cameras', or 'sensors' in the source's own words. A related İBB page on the same domain (uym.ibb.gov.tr/hizmetler/trafik-bilgilendirme, not one of this entry's four listed sources) does describe the underlying feed as 'anlık trafik yoğunluk verileri' (instantaneous/real-time traffic density data) drawn from field traffic-measurement systems plus automatic road-weather sensors — consistent in substance with 'real-time ... fed by ... sensors', though it names measurement systems and weather sensors rather than 'cameras' by name.",
      "caveat": "The cited source page itself is a JavaScript map application with no readable text, so none of this claim's specific wording (real-time, cameras, sensors, reroute) can be shown to come from that exact page. The word 'cameras' in particular is not confirmed by any source found in this review, cited or otherwise; the closest description (on an uncited İBB page) names field traffic-measurement systems and weather sensors, not cameras.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1bc6eb311bdc97bb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In 2018 it rolled out ATAK, a locally developed adaptive signal system that retimes green phases by measured vehicle density",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-676f739d8a46d18a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The ATAK announcement page is itself dated 09.07.2018, and describes the system's mechanism: 'magnetic sensors located at intersections detect the number of vehicles. This information collected from sensors is sent to traffic signal controller at the intersection,' after which 'green light periods for each direction of each intersection is determined' — i.e. green phases are retimed from measured vehicle density, matching the claim. On development, the same page states: 'The software of the Adaptive Traffic Management System was developed by Turkish engineers but the hardware of the system was imported from abroad' — supporting 'locally developed' for the software specifically.",
      "caveat": "'Locally developed' holds only for the software; the source explicitly says the hardware was imported from abroad, so the system as a whole is not entirely domestic. 'Turkish engineers' is a national-level attribution in the source, not a statement that development happened specifically in Istanbul or inside İSBAK. The page does not give an exact rollout day beyond its own 09.07.2018 publication date, which appears to coincide with the launch announcement.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-edc60e4dd4982cbf",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "İBB reports it cut junction delays by 15–30% and raised flow by roughly 35% at its first sites",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-676f739d8a46d18a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The same İBB UYM page states, presenting them as achieved results at the intersections where ATAK operates: 'The delay time is decreased by 15 to 30 percent' and 'Travel times decreased by 20 percent and traffic flow increased by 35 percent' — matching the delay-reduction range and the flow-increase figure in the claim. The page is İBB's own news post about its own subsidiary's system, so 'İBB reports' is an accurate attribution. 'At its first sites' matches the page's description of the initial 80-intersection deployment, ahead of the expansion it describes as planned.",
      "caveat": "The source states flow increased by a flat '35 percent', not a hedged 'roughly 35%' — the word 'roughly' is this entry's own rounding, not language from the source (the underlying number matches exactly, so this is a wording nuance, not a factual error). More substantively: these figures are entirely self-reported by İBB/İSBAK on a promotional-toned news post about its own newly built system; no independent measurement, audit, or academic evaluation of ATAK's performance was found among the listed sources or elsewhere in this review.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d54217ed25624dad",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "with expansion planned toward the city's ~2,250 signalized intersections",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-676f739d8a46d18a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The same page states the near-term plan ('increase the number of signalized intersections to 200 where ATAK operates in a short period of time and to deploy it at all intersections of Istanbul') and the stated ultimate target: 'a local and national Adaptive Traffic Management System will be established at around 2250 signalized intersections in Istanbul' — supporting the ~2,250 figure as ATAK's own stated expansion target.",
      "caveat": "It is not fully clear from this page whether 2,250 is meant as the total count of all signalized intersections citywide, or specifically ATAK's own rollout target. A separate İBB page (uym.ibb.gov.tr/hizmetler/sinyalizasyon, not among this entry's four listed sources) puts the citywide total at 'more than 2,500' signalization systems — a larger number. This entry's phrasing ('the city's ~2,250 signalized intersections') reads as though 2,250 were the confirmed citywide total, which the cited source does not quite establish on its own.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-14c439fa47c57597",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "İBB reports that ATAK cut junction delays by 15–30% and raised flow by roughly 35% at its first sites.",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-676f739d8a46d18a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Same source and quotes as the equivalent snippet claim: the İBB UYM ATAK page states 'The delay time is decreased by 15 to 30 percent' and 'traffic flow increased by 35 percent' as results at the intersections where ATAK operates, attributed to İBB's own reporting.",
      "caveat": "Same self-report/no-independent-verification limitation as the snippet claim, plus a timing note: the cited figures come from a 2018 launch announcement (page dated 09.07.2018) describing the initial 80-intersection deployment. The same page describes plans to expand ATAK toward ~2,250 intersections, but this entry's lastVerified date is 2026-07-25 — eight years later — and no source in the list or found elsewhere in this review gives updated, post-expansion performance figures. The 'first sites' figures may not describe today's larger rollout.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-ffd0b91d0127bd08",
      "title": "İSBAK — About Us",
      "url": "https://www.isbak.istanbul/en/company/about-us/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "isbak.istanbul",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-d013da913e41c2d0"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "İBB technology company; founded 1986, traffic signalling and ITS since 1995 — establishes operator.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-676f739d8a46d18a",
      "title": "İBB UYM — Adaptive Traffic Management System (ATAK)",
      "url": "https://uym.ibb.gov.tr/corporate/news-and-announcements/adapt%C4%B1ve-traff%C4%B1c-management-system-atak-%C4%B1n-istanbul",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "uym.ibb.gov.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-f09cf2e687cc7a82",
       "clm-1bc6eb311bdc97bb",
       "clm-edc60e4dd4982cbf",
       "clm-d54217ed25624dad",
       "clm-14c439fa47c57597"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-07-09",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "ATAK deployed 9 Jul 2018 at 80 intersections; İBB-reported delay −15-30%, travel time −20%, flow +35%; expansion toward ~2,250 signals.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-54b8365d41d6b1b4",
      "title": "İBB Traffic Density Map (Trafik Yoğunluk Haritası)",
      "url": "https://uym.ibb.gov.tr/yharita6/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "uym.ibb.gov.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-149ef2434ef39864"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Live real-time traffic map run by the İBB Transportation Management Center; web-published traffic data since 2006.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9019e7b009b1b282",
      "title": "İSBAK Inc. — IMM Open Data organization",
      "url": "https://data.ibb.gov.tr/en/organization/isbak-as",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "data.ibb.gov.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-f09cf2e687cc7a82"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent confirmation of İSBAK as İBB affiliate handling traffic/ITS.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 7,
     "claimsMapped": 7,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}