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  "title": "ISKI Centralized SCADA Water Balancing Strategy",
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     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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     "operation": "add",
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      "text": "splits Istanbul's drinking-water network into district metering areas that can be watched and managed remotely",
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      "text": "fell from 22.31% in 2019 to 18.63% at the end of 2024",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: '5 yil once yuzde 22,31 olan su kayip ve kacak orani, yapilan yatirimlar ile 2024 yili sonunda yuzde 18,63'e dustu' - the loss and leakage rate, 22.31% five years earlier, fell to 18.63% at the end of 2024.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "hydraulic modelling of 18,500 kilometres of mains and the installation of 420 metering areas",
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      "text": "22.31% in 2019, 20.68% in 2020, 20.52% in 2021, 19.45% in 2022, 18.94% in 2023 and 18.63% at the end of 2024",
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      "supportNote": "Sozcu prints the annual series in full: '2019 yilinda yuzde 22,31 ... 2020: %20,68 2021: %20,52 2022: %19,45 2023: %18,94 2024: %18,63'.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The utility puts its spending on the programme at more than 1 billion lira",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'ISKI, su kayip ve kacak oranini azaltabilmek icin 1 milyar TL'nin uzerinde yatirim yapti' - ISKI invested over 1 billion lira to reduce the loss and leakage rate.",
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      "text": "the Istanbul branch of the Chamber of Environmental Engineers, which put the loss at 22.3% in its own 2020 study, says the level to aim for is 5%",
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      "supportNote": "Daily Sabah, December 2020: 'Almost 22.3% of the water supplied to Istanbul from various sources do not even reach the grid due to leaks, Medet Guney, the board secretary of the Istanbul branch of the Chamber of Environmental Engineers (CMO), told Demiroren News Agency', reporting a study by that body; and 'The leakage rate should urgently be brought down to acceptable levels of 5% through significant investments, he said.'",
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      "title": "ISKI (operator) - SCADA technology",
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      "title": "Sozcu (press)",
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       "publishedAt": "2025-02-22",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Reports the utility's full annual loss series 2019-2024, the investment total, and the modelling and metering-area counts behind it.",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The Chamber of Environmental Engineers' own measurement of Istanbul's losses and the level it says the city should be aiming for.",
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    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
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   "summary": "Every source on this entry now carries a date key: a publication date where the publisher states one, otherwise an explicit null with the reason on the record.",
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      "text": "fell from 22.31% in 2019 to 18.63% at the end of 2024",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: '5 yil once yuzde 22,31 olan su kayip ve kacak orani, yapilan yatirimlar ile 2024 yili sonunda yuzde 18,63'e dustu' - the loss and leakage rate, 22.31% five years earlier, fell to 18.63% at the end of 2024.",
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       "added": false,
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      "id": "clm-84c260a1d9980505",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "hydraulic modelling of 18,500 kilometres of mains and the installation of 420 metering areas",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'ISKI, 18.500 kilometre icme suyu hattinin hidrolik modellemesini yaparak ... 420 adet DMA (Izole Alt Bolge) montaji gerceklestirilerek'.",
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      "supportNote": "Sozcu prints the annual series in full: '2019 yilinda yuzde 22,31 ... 2020: %20,68 2021: %20,52 2022: %19,45 2023: %18,94 2024: %18,63'.",
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The utility puts its spending on the programme at more than 1 billion lira",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'ISKI, su kayip ve kacak oranini azaltabilmek icin 1 milyar TL'nin uzerinde yatirim yapti' - ISKI invested over 1 billion lira to reduce the loss and leakage rate.",
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      "text": "says the saving is worth about 50 days of Istanbul's water demand",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'Bu azalma, Istanbul'un 50 gunluk su ihtiyacina denk geliyor' - this reduction corresponds to 50 days of Istanbul's water need.",
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      "text": "the Istanbul branch of the Chamber of Environmental Engineers, which put the loss at 22.3% in its own 2020 study, says the level to aim for is 5%",
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      "supportNote": "Daily Sabah, December 2020: 'Almost 22.3% of the water supplied to Istanbul from various sources do not even reach the grid due to leaks, Medet Guney, the board secretary of the Istanbul branch of the Chamber of Environmental Engineers (CMO), told Demiroren News Agency', reporting a study by that body; and 'The leakage rate should urgently be brought down to acceptable levels of 5% through significant investments, he said.'",
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