{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "incheon-metro-line2-uto",
  "title": "Incheon Metro Line 2's Road to Fully Unattended Operation",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/incheon-metro-line2-uto/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-unsourced-text-correction",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T23:30:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-27",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 12 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:e90fcd76c213f7e6c18cd281bf9d4c32562b40b97b2d0a0d57aef8acfd55f6c0",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-27",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:6ba5d922ec288a70ec0b8911dd19ef3e159831c48a01daefee99b9518db169ea",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2016,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Incheon Transit Corporation",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": null,
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-7540e4e89cd70bfd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Incheon Metro Line 2 opened driverless-capable in July 2016",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650",
       "src-d90f717a97d22a53"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin Ilbo dates the opening exactly: \"인천2호선은 2016년 7월 30일 처음 개통했습니다\" (Line 2 first opened on 30 July 2016), and says it began in DTO mode, in which a safety officer rides along \"but performs no vehicle operation\" while the control centre runs the train. The Thales release independently dates \"the start of revenue service of Incheon L2 metro in July 2016\" and calls the rolling stock driverless trains.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-77d90bdb1dfb26cc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a derailment falsely reported as a drill",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Hankook Ilbo reports that Incheon Transit Corporation staged the derailment as a mock drill and filed a false report with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and with the City of Incheon, even submitting a written drill report: \"탈선사고를 모의훈련으로 조작해 국토교통부와 인천시에 허위 보고한\".",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3ddb7344031116fb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "other early faults",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "An Incheon Transit Corporation official quoted by Hankook Ilbo gives the tally that motivated the cover-up: six incidents including a service stoppage on the 30 July opening day, followed by more than ten incidents of varying size over ten days.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9d3db86873e9122d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "kept safety officers aboard for nearly eight years",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both Kyeongin articles describe the intervening period as DTO — \"인천2호선은 개통 초기 DTO로 운행했다\" (Line 2 ran as DTO in its early period) — and define DTO as the lower automation grade in which a safety officer rides along in case of trouble, in contrast to UTO, where nobody rides. Both frame the January 2024 switch as coming eight years after the opening.",
      "caveat": "Eight years is the round figure the Korean articles use for the gap between the July 2016 opening and the 1 January 2024 switch, which is closer to seven and a half; an 18-station stretch of the line had already run unattended since 2023.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a78353b4758c9230",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "On 1 January 2024, Incheon Transit Corporation switched the full 29.1km, 27-station line to fully unattended (UTO) operation",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin: \"지난 1월 1일부터 인천2호선 전체 구간인 검단오류역부터 운연역까지 27개역 29.1㎞ 구간을 완전무인열차운행(UTO)으로 전환했습니다\" — from 1 January the operator converted the entire line, Geomdan-Oryu to Unyeon, 27 stations and 29.1 km, to fully unattended train operation. Both articles were published in August 2024 and date the switch to 1 January of that year, after site inspections and trial running by the Korea Transportation Safety Authority and a ministerial approval of the amended rail safety management system on 18 December 2023.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8636de891d4866cd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a domestic first, the operator says",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both articles attribute the superlative to the operator rather than to an independent authority. An Incheon Transit Corporation official is quoted saying the move from staffed to unattended operation is \"국내 최초 사례\" — the first case in the country. The second article adds that a whole line carrying close to 200,000 riders a day being unattended is hard to find elsewhere in Korea, but states no verifying body.",
      "caveat": "The claim of a national first is the operator's own; neither article cites a regulator, an industry body or a register confirming it.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6665de618547cb58",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Manual driver interventions fell from 139 in 2017 to 1 in 2023",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The first article prints the whole series: \"2017년 139건에서 2018년 44건, 2019년 27건에서 지난해 1건으로 줄었다\" — 139 cases in 2017, 44 in 2018, 27 in 2019, 1 last year. The second names the endpoints as 2017 and 2023 and labels them 주요고장(수동운전), major faults requiring manual driving.",
      "caveat": "These are Incheon Transit Corporation counts relayed by the newspaper; no independent audit of them is published. In the operator's own vocabulary a manual intervention is by definition a fault or an accident, not routine driving.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-84cb348b3bd882ca",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the reliability record the operator cited ahead of the January 2024 unattended-operation switch",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin presents the falling fault count as the operator's justification for going unattended across the whole line: after listing the drop from 139 in 2017 to 1 in 2023 the article concludes \"전 구간 무인운행 전환이 가능한 수준에 도달해 전면 UTO를 도입한 것입니다\" — having reached a level at which whole-line unattended operation was possible, full UTO was introduced. The same passage lists the preparation behind it: in-house drills, revised fault manuals and 32 internal system developments and improvements.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6d022309a7ce84b8",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Line 2's CBTC signaling and cabinless trains were driverless-ready from day one in 2016",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d90f717a97d22a53",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Thales release establishes the signalling lineage — \"Thales has been working with Incheon City and Incheon Transit Corporation since 2009 on the Incheon Line 2\" — and describes the rolling stock as driverless, the depot contract being needed to park \"the six new driverless trains safely\". Kyeongin confirms the operating side: from the opening day the line ran in DTO mode, with the control centre, not a driver, running the trains.",
      "caveat": "The Thales release names CBTC and SelTrac in its introduction and its other project sections, not in the Incheon passage itself, and none of the entry's sources describes the trains as cabinless.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-860bbfa1040fe314",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "an opening-week wave of faults",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Incheon Transit Corporation official quoted by Hankook Ilbo counts six incidents including a service stoppage on the 30 July 2016 opening day, followed by more than ten incidents over the next ten days, and names the fear of censure for them as the reason the derailment was recast as a drill.",
      "caveat": "The source counts six incidents on opening day and more than ten across the following ten days, a stretch slightly longer than a week.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-40471d51d016333e",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "a cover-up of an August 2016 derailment as a fake drill",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Hankook Ilbo dates and locates the derailment — around 21:30 on 7 August 2016 on the depot track at Unyeon station, when a train being moved manually after maintenance lost its rear wheels from the rails, with nobody aboard. The next day the operator briefed the press that it had been an unannounced drill known only to a few executives, and claimed the train had been deliberately offset to look derailed. The account collapsed when a 21-second video of the derailment was published; the city said it was weighing the highest level of disciplinary action.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-839d060c6feabc9f",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "kept human safety officers aboard for nearly eight years before the operator trusted the system enough to remove them",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin describes a staged path rather than a single decision: DTO with safety officers aboard from the 2016 opening, then in 2023 a first unattended stage over 18 stations and 19 km from Seo-gu-cheong to Unyeon — \"서구청역에서 운연역까지 18개역(19㎞) 구간에서 UTO 방식을 도입했습니다\" — judged successful, and only then the whole line from 1 January 2024, after Korea Transportation Safety Authority inspections, trial running and the ministry's approval of the amended safety management system on 18 December 2023.",
      "caveat": "Under UTO the safety officers were relocated rather than abolished: the article states that each station is staffed by a licensed officer who can take control of a train if needed.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
      "title": "Kyeongin Ilbo — \"Running well on its own… fully unmanned operation succeeds 8 years after opening\"",
      "url": "https://www.kyeongin.com/article/1703504",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "kyeongin.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "clm-9d3db86873e9122d",
       "clm-a78353b4758c9230",
       "clm-8636de891d4866cd",
       "clm-6665de618547cb58",
       "clm-839d060c6feabc9f"
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Driverless launch 2016, staffed DTO period, manual-intervention counts, January 2024 UTO switch.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650",
      "title": "Kyeongin Ilbo — \"'National first' Incheon Line 2 unmanned operation rewrites rail history\"",
      "url": "https://www.kyeongin.com/article/1715774",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "kyeongin.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-7540e4e89cd70bfd",
       "clm-9d3db86873e9122d",
       "clm-a78353b4758c9230",
       "clm-8636de891d4866cd",
       "clm-6665de618547cb58",
       "clm-84cb348b3bd882ca",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Ridership figures, 'domestic first' framing (attributed to the operator).",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-5838ef11b4597807",
      "title": "Hankook Ilbo — derailment falsely reported as a drill",
      "url": "https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201610061634502310",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "hankookilbo.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "August 2016 derailment cover-up, exposed by leaked CCTV.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-d90f717a97d22a53",
      "title": "Thales / Businesswire — CBTC signaling contract",
      "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200611005010/en/China-South-Korea-Turkey-Select-Thales%E2%80%99-Technologies",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "businesswire.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Thales SelTrac CBTC signaling since 2009; ridership figures.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 12,
     "claimsMapped": 12,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 0,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-unsourced-text-correction",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T23:48:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-27",
   "changeType": "correction",
   "summary": "Removed or softened wording that no listed source carries, after reading every source while preparing the claim ledger. No source describes the trains as cabinless, the Incheon paragraph says only 'new signalling equipment', and under UTO the safety officers moved to the stations rather than disappearing.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
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    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/claims",
     "summary": "Updated claims to the current sourced project record."
    },
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:a0c3a039e2be78ae8f7047ad92e6f210da6b81652a83faffecdae7df50d29e6b",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-27",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:96486e7bf3d61a6b1d59726b02e3bc50982422096ce58210bbdbab944b20bc4f",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
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    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2016,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Incheon Transit Corporation",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": null,
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-7540e4e89cd70bfd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Incheon Metro Line 2 opened driverless-capable in July 2016",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-d90f717a97d22a53"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin Ilbo dates the opening exactly: \"인천2호선은 2016년 7월 30일 처음 개통했습니다\" (Line 2 first opened on 30 July 2016), and says it began in DTO mode, in which a safety officer rides along \"but performs no vehicle operation\" while the control centre runs the train. The Thales release independently dates \"the start of revenue service of Incheon L2 metro in July 2016\" and calls the rolling stock driverless trains.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-77d90bdb1dfb26cc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a derailment falsely reported as a drill",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Hankook Ilbo reports that Incheon Transit Corporation staged the derailment as a mock drill and filed a false report with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and with the City of Incheon, even submitting a written drill report: \"탈선사고를 모의훈련으로 조작해 국토교통부와 인천시에 허위 보고한\".",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3ddb7344031116fb",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "other early faults",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "An Incheon Transit Corporation official quoted by Hankook Ilbo gives the tally that motivated the cover-up: six incidents including a service stoppage on the 30 July opening day, followed by more than ten incidents of varying size over ten days.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9d3db86873e9122d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "kept safety officers aboard for nearly eight years",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both Kyeongin articles describe the intervening period as DTO — \"인천2호선은 개통 초기 DTO로 운행했다\" (Line 2 ran as DTO in its early period) — and define DTO as the lower automation grade in which a safety officer rides along in case of trouble, in contrast to UTO, where nobody rides. Both frame the January 2024 switch as coming eight years after the opening.",
      "caveat": "Eight years is the round figure the Korean articles use for the gap between the July 2016 opening and the 1 January 2024 switch, which is closer to seven and a half; an 18-station stretch of the line had already run unattended since 2023.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a78353b4758c9230",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "On 1 January 2024, Incheon Transit Corporation switched the full 29.1km, 27-station line to fully unattended (UTO) operation",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin: \"지난 1월 1일부터 인천2호선 전체 구간인 검단오류역부터 운연역까지 27개역 29.1㎞ 구간을 완전무인열차운행(UTO)으로 전환했습니다\" — from 1 January the operator converted the entire line, Geomdan-Oryu to Unyeon, 27 stations and 29.1 km, to fully unattended train operation. Both articles were published in August 2024 and date the switch to 1 January of that year, after site inspections and trial running by the Korea Transportation Safety Authority and a ministerial approval of the amended rail safety management system on 18 December 2023.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8636de891d4866cd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a domestic first, the operator says",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Both articles attribute the superlative to the operator rather than to an independent authority. An Incheon Transit Corporation official is quoted saying the move from staffed to unattended operation is \"국내 최초 사례\" — the first case in the country. The second article adds that a whole line carrying close to 200,000 riders a day being unattended is hard to find elsewhere in Korea, but states no verifying body.",
      "caveat": "The claim of a national first is the operator's own; neither article cites a regulator, an industry body or a register confirming it.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6665de618547cb58",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Manual driver interventions fell from 139 in 2017 to 1 in 2023",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The first article prints the whole series: \"2017년 139건에서 2018년 44건, 2019년 27건에서 지난해 1건으로 줄었다\" — 139 cases in 2017, 44 in 2018, 27 in 2019, 1 last year. The second names the endpoints as 2017 and 2023 and labels them 주요고장(수동운전), major faults requiring manual driving.",
      "caveat": "These are Incheon Transit Corporation counts relayed by the newspaper; no independent audit of them is published. In the operator's own vocabulary a manual intervention is by definition a fault or an accident, not routine driving.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-84cb348b3bd882ca",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the reliability record the operator cited ahead of the January 2024 unattended-operation switch",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin presents the falling fault count as the operator's justification for going unattended across the whole line: after listing the drop from 139 in 2017 to 1 in 2023 the article concludes \"전 구간 무인운행 전환이 가능한 수준에 도달해 전면 UTO를 도입한 것입니다\" — having reached a level at which whole-line unattended operation was possible, full UTO was introduced. The same passage lists the preparation behind it: in-house drills, revised fault manuals and 32 internal system developments and improvements.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-67b874ae3920a9c0",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Line 2's Thales signalling was driverless-ready from day one in 2016",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d90f717a97d22a53",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Thales release establishes the signalling lineage — \"Thales has been working with Incheon City and Incheon Transit Corporation since 2009 on the Incheon Line 2\" — and describes the rolling stock as driverless, the depot contract being needed to park \"the six new driverless trains safely\". Kyeongin confirms the operating side: from the opening day the line ran in DTO mode, with the control centre, not a driver, running the trains.",
      "caveat": "The Thales release names CBTC/SelTrac in its introduction and for other projects; the Incheon paragraph says only 'new signalling equipment'. No source describes the trains as cabinless.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-860bbfa1040fe314",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "an opening-week wave of faults",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Incheon Transit Corporation official quoted by Hankook Ilbo counts six incidents including a service stoppage on the 30 July 2016 opening day, followed by more than ten incidents over the next ten days, and names the fear of censure for them as the reason the derailment was recast as a drill.",
      "caveat": "The source counts six incidents on opening day and more than ten across the following ten days, a stretch slightly longer than a week.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-40471d51d016333e",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "a cover-up of an August 2016 derailment as a fake drill",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5838ef11b4597807"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Hankook Ilbo dates and locates the derailment — around 21:30 on 7 August 2016 on the depot track at Unyeon station, when a train being moved manually after maintenance lost its rear wheels from the rails, with nobody aboard. The next day the operator briefed the press that it had been an unannounced drill known only to a few executives, and claimed the train had been deliberately offset to look derailed. The account collapsed when a 21-second video of the derailment was published; the city said it was weighing the highest level of disciplinary action.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5323f6a488bf00aa",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "kept human safety officers aboard for nearly eight years before the operator trusted the system enough to move them off the trains",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
       "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Kyeongin describes a staged path rather than a single decision: DTO with safety officers aboard from the 2016 opening, then in 2023 a first unattended stage over 18 stations and 19 km from Seo-gu-cheong to Unyeon — \"서구청역에서 운연역까지 18개역(19㎞) 구간에서 UTO 방식을 도입했습니다\" — judged successful, and only then the whole line from 1 January 2024, after Korea Transportation Safety Authority inspections, trial running and the ministry's approval of the amended safety management system on 18 December 2023.",
      "caveat": "Under UTO the safety officers were moved to the stations rather than removed from the payroll.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-bf6e8c83dff19884",
      "title": "Kyeongin Ilbo — \"Running well on its own… fully unmanned operation succeeds 8 years after opening\"",
      "url": "https://www.kyeongin.com/article/1703504",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "kyeongin.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
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       "clm-5323f6a488bf00aa"
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       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Driverless launch 2016, staffed DTO period, manual-intervention counts, January 2024 UTO switch.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-4fb4427cdd2cf650",
      "title": "Kyeongin Ilbo — \"'National first' Incheon Line 2 unmanned operation rewrites rail history\"",
      "url": "https://www.kyeongin.com/article/1715774",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "kyeongin.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-7540e4e89cd70bfd",
       "clm-9d3db86873e9122d",
       "clm-a78353b4758c9230",
       "clm-8636de891d4866cd",
       "clm-6665de618547cb58",
       "clm-84cb348b3bd882ca",
       "clm-67b874ae3920a9c0",
       "clm-5323f6a488bf00aa"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Ridership figures, 'domestic first' framing (attributed to the operator).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5838ef11b4597807",
      "title": "Hankook Ilbo — derailment falsely reported as a drill",
      "url": "https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201610061634502310",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "hankookilbo.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "August 2016 derailment cover-up, exposed by leaked CCTV.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-d90f717a97d22a53",
      "title": "Thales / Businesswire — CBTC signaling contract",
      "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200611005010/en/China-South-Korea-Turkey-Select-Thales%E2%80%99-Technologies",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "businesswire.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Thales SelTrac CBTC signaling since 2009; ridership figures.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 12,
     "claimsMapped": 12,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 0,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}