{
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 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "helsinki-whim-maas",
  "title": "Whim — Mobility-as-a-Service App",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/helsinki-whim-maas/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-correction-run",
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  {
   "id": "2026-08-26-p1-quality-uplift",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-26T11:00:00Z",
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     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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     "status": "unreviewed",
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     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2016,
      "ended": 2024
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "MaaS Global",
     "actorTypes": [
      "private"
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     "cost": null,
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     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-3ac6ce231ea1a879",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Whim, launched by MaaS Global in Helsinki in 2016/17, let subscribers pay one monthly fee covering public transit, taxis, bike-share and car rental",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Ramboll: 'Maas Global soft-launched its MaaS application \"Whim\" in Helsinki, Finland in late 2016, followed by a full commercial launch in November 2017' and 'the user is able to combine, plan, and pay for public transport, taxi, car rental, car sharing and city bike trips.'",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-644adc1098ef2c01",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "MaaS Global discontinued Whim and filed for bankruptcy in March 2024",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "CCAM-TAC's report of 21 March 2024 covers MaaS Global declaring bankruptcy and the end of the Whim app.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-40cf24407e352b6f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "acquirer umob has not relaunched the service in Helsinki",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The acquirer's own announcement describes buying MaaS Global out of bankruptcy and folding the capability into its own app; the later funding coverage describes umob's own platform, with no Helsinki relaunch of Whim.",
      "caveat": "An absence rather than a statement: no source read for this entry reports a Helsinki relaunch, and none reports that there will not be one.",
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       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-9c8cc6cc63e5af3c",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "A white paper Ramboll produced at MaaS Global's invitation, on the operator's own 2018 data",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Ramboll states it plainly: 'MaaS Global has invited Ramboll to study the 2018 Whim Data Set and share our findings in this white paper.'",
      "caveat": "The atlas previously described this as an independent evaluation. It is not: the operator commissioned it and supplied the data.",
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       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-0d3e82c3c9935ad5",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "a service with over 70,000 registered users",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Ramboll: 'In late 2018, the service had over 70 000 registered users.'",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-15625d161bba714e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Whim users making 73% of trips by public transport against about 48% for Helsinki residents of similar demographics",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'Approximately 48% of all trips by Helsinki residents with similar demographics are made by public transportation. Whim users ride public transportation significantly more, at 73% of all trips.'",
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     {
      "id": "clm-47b202b66ff0906e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "combining a taxi with a public transport trip three times as often as the typical resident",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-23f77d0673104829"
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'Typically in Helsinki, 3% of all taxi trips are made in combination with public transportation trips. With Whim, 9% of all taxi trips are made either 20 minutes before or within 30 minutes after a public transportation trip', summarised by Ramboll as 'Whim users combine taxis 3x more often with public transport compared to the typical Helsinki resident'.",
      "caveat": "The atlas previously carried a 42% bike-share combination figure for this study. It appears nowhere in the report and has been removed.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4f7a4322bfc9f657",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Ramboll states the limits itself: first-year data, high user growth, a sample skewed to early adopters",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'there are however a host of limitations to the available data set which restricts the framework of our analysis. Foremost among these is that the data reflect the first year of operations of the MaaS service. This means that the data are characterized by both a high growth-rate in users and being highly skewed towards early adopters.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-4f62b9da4efe6cf8",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "By 2022 MaaS Global was losing 9.3 million euros against 3.8 million of turnover, and its headcount had fallen from a peak of 120 to 38",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'In 2022 these were reported to be EUR9.3m against a turnover of EUR3.8m. At the time the company employed 38 individuals, though this was much reduced from its workforce peak of 120 at the start of 2020.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-0d2dac910166ef79",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "about 10,000 people were using Whim monthly in Helsinki when it folded",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'despite amassing approximately 10,000 active monthly users in Helsinki, MaaS Global has struggled with financial losses for some time.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3797deb14ce33ddc",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "whose authors say the questions people actually ask about MaaS are not answerable from it",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Ramboll lists the standing concerns - 'Will MaaS lead to a car-dependent city? Does MaaS steal ridership from public transport? Is MaaS only attractive to a niche group of urbanites?' - and adds 'none of which are identifiable in the first year of real-world MaaS user data.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "src-23f77d0673104829",
      "title": "Ramboll, Whimpact (white paper commissioned by MaaS Global)",
      "url": "https://kollektivtrafikk.no/app/uploads/2021/04/Ramboll_whimpact-2019.pdf",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
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       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The study behind every travel-behaviour figure quoted for Whim. Ramboll states in it that MaaS Global invited the work and supplied the data, and sets out the limitations of a first-year data set.",
       "exact": false
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-c728425ed6b1c40e",
      "title": "CCAM-TAC (independent)",
      "url": "https://www.ccam-tac.org/news/maas-global-declares-bankruptcy/",
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       "domain": "ccam-tac.org",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-03-21",
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       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The company's finances at the end: losses against turnover, headcount, and monthly active users in Helsinki.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-fa2004986aa5f2cb",
      "title": "Sifted (independent press)",
      "url": "https://sifted.eu/articles/maas-whim-bankrupt-news",
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       "name": null,
       "domain": "sifted.eu",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
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       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade coverage of the bankruptcy. The publisher blocks automated reading, so no date is recorded here.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-25cdc97682aa502e",
      "title": "umob (acquirer, operator)",
      "url": "https://umob.app/umob-acquires-maas-global-finnish-creator-of-mobility-app-whim/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "umob.app",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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      "title": "EU-Startups (independent press)",
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       "domain": "eu-startups.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "What the acquirer went on to do, for the question of whether Whim came back in Helsinki.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
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   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T13:31:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-26",
   "changeType": "correction",
   "summary": "Date the bankruptcy and acquisition reports from the publishers themselves.",
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    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
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   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
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    {
     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/sources",
     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
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   "snapshotHash": "sha256:f4a3584ebe3e55004534b696af6f79f266cc969e1c4ccf17bcb8af7cf4f54ce9",
   "snapshot": {
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    "projectState": {
     "status": "completed",
     "outcome": "failed",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
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    "governance": {
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    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-3ac6ce231ea1a879",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Whim, launched by MaaS Global in Helsinki in 2016/17, let subscribers pay one monthly fee covering public transit, taxis, bike-share and car rental",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-23f77d0673104829"
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      "supportNote": "Ramboll: 'Maas Global soft-launched its MaaS application \"Whim\" in Helsinki, Finland in late 2016, followed by a full commercial launch in November 2017' and 'the user is able to combine, plan, and pay for public transport, taxi, car rental, car sharing and city bike trips.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-644adc1098ef2c01",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "MaaS Global discontinued Whim and filed for bankruptcy in March 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "CCAM-TAC's report of 21 March 2024 covers MaaS Global declaring bankruptcy and the end of the Whim app.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-40cf24407e352b6f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "acquirer umob has not relaunched the service in Helsinki",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-25cdc97682aa502e",
       "src-d9c3928f41995c56"
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      "supportNote": "The acquirer's own announcement describes buying MaaS Global out of bankruptcy and folding the capability into its own app; the later funding coverage describes umob's own platform, with no Helsinki relaunch of Whim.",
      "caveat": "An absence rather than a statement: no source read for this entry reports a Helsinki relaunch, and none reports that there will not be one.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9c8cc6cc63e5af3c",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "A white paper Ramboll produced at MaaS Global's invitation, on the operator's own 2018 data",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-23f77d0673104829"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Ramboll states it plainly: 'MaaS Global has invited Ramboll to study the 2018 Whim Data Set and share our findings in this white paper.'",
      "caveat": "The atlas previously described this as an independent evaluation. It is not: the operator commissioned it and supplied the data.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0d3e82c3c9935ad5",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "a service with over 70,000 registered users",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-23f77d0673104829"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Ramboll: 'In late 2018, the service had over 70 000 registered users.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-15625d161bba714e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Whim users making 73% of trips by public transport against about 48% for Helsinki residents of similar demographics",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'Approximately 48% of all trips by Helsinki residents with similar demographics are made by public transportation. Whim users ride public transportation significantly more, at 73% of all trips.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-47b202b66ff0906e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "combining a taxi with a public transport trip three times as often as the typical resident",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-23f77d0673104829"
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'Typically in Helsinki, 3% of all taxi trips are made in combination with public transportation trips. With Whim, 9% of all taxi trips are made either 20 minutes before or within 30 minutes after a public transportation trip', summarised by Ramboll as 'Whim users combine taxis 3x more often with public transport compared to the typical Helsinki resident'.",
      "caveat": "The atlas previously carried a 42% bike-share combination figure for this study. It appears nowhere in the report and has been removed.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4f7a4322bfc9f657",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Ramboll states the limits itself: first-year data, high user growth, a sample skewed to early adopters",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-23f77d0673104829"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'there are however a host of limitations to the available data set which restricts the framework of our analysis. Foremost among these is that the data reflect the first year of operations of the MaaS service. This means that the data are characterized by both a high growth-rate in users and being highly skewed towards early adopters.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4f62b9da4efe6cf8",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "By 2022 MaaS Global was losing 9.3 million euros against 3.8 million of turnover, and its headcount had fallen from a peak of 120 to 38",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'In 2022 these were reported to be EUR9.3m against a turnover of EUR3.8m. At the time the company employed 38 individuals, though this was much reduced from its workforce peak of 120 at the start of 2020.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0d2dac910166ef79",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "about 10,000 people were using Whim monthly in Helsinki when it folded",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c728425ed6b1c40e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'despite amassing approximately 10,000 active monthly users in Helsinki, MaaS Global has struggled with financial losses for some time.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3797deb14ce33ddc",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "whose authors say the questions people actually ask about MaaS are not answerable from it",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-23f77d0673104829"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Ramboll lists the standing concerns - 'Will MaaS lead to a car-dependent city? Does MaaS steal ridership from public transport? Is MaaS only attractive to a niche group of urbanites?' - and adds 'none of which are identifiable in the first year of real-world MaaS user data.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
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     {
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      "title": "Ramboll, Whimpact (white paper commissioned by MaaS Global)",
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The study behind every travel-behaviour figure quoted for Whim. Ramboll states in it that MaaS Global invited the work and supplied the data, and sets out the limitations of a first-year data set.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-c728425ed6b1c40e",
      "title": "CCAM-TAC (independent)",
      "url": "https://www.ccam-tac.org/news/maas-global-declares-bankruptcy/",
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       "domain": "ccam-tac.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "value": "The company's finances at the end: losses against turnover, headcount, and monthly active users in Helsinki.",
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      },
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       "contentHash": null,
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     },
     {
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      "url": "https://sifted.eu/articles/maas-whim-bankrupt-news",
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       "name": null,
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       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
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      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent reporting of 14 March 2024 under the headline 'Mobility startup MaaS Global files for bankruptcy'.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-25cdc97682aa502e",
      "title": "umob (acquirer, operator)",
      "url": "https://umob.app/umob-acquires-maas-global-finnish-creator-of-mobility-app-whim/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "umob.app",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The acquirer's own announcement of 18 April 2024 that it had bought MaaS Global, the Finnish creator of Whim.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-d9c3928f41995c56",
      "title": "EU-Startups (independent press)",
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      "publisher": {
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       "domain": "eu-startups.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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      },
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "What the acquirer went on to do, for the question of whether Whim came back in Helsinki.",
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      },
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}