{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "hangzhou-city-brain",
  "title": "City Brain",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/hangzhou-city-brain/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-reverification",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-reverification",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T21:20:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-21",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 11 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:b9a21cb67bd7ad3e08496374359682deb01aa76e57e92f9f4d735131059f5c9f",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-21",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:1e7282822ecebdc219c8debc7021d6e7a0656e22435c77db224f0dbd3b268e9e",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2016,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Hangzhou City Brain Technology & Services Co. (city–Alibaba joint venture)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "ppp",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-6f3b30d12b191742",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "City Brain automates traffic signals and prioritises emergency vehicles",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c7f82d82572c1261"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator describes exactly these two functions in Hangzhou: signal automation, and using the same system to give emergency vehicles priority.",
      "caveat": "Operator description; the passage documents this for Xiaoshan district, and the entry does not claim every signal in Hangzhou is automated.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-53265a0eca08e6d4",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "has grown from traffic control into a wider city-governance platform",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5b4cc2dc53a3c121",
       "src-26ab918bc53b166f"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The peer-reviewed paper analyses City Brain as a co-produced urban-governance platform involving the city administration, not merely a traffic product; the 2026 work report lists City Brain 3.0 under the city's planning and construction chapter.",
      "caveat": "The explicit generation-by-generation progression is described in Chinese coverage of the 31 March 2025 conference; no single fetched sentence states it verbatim.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-76d5069b10763fc4",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "now wired to DeepSeek and other large models",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-02ecc80fef5c2473"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article states the City Brain's intelligent hub connects DeepSeek and other mainstream large models.",
      "caveat": "Announced capability as of the 31 March 2025 conference; no independent measure of how much of the platform actually uses it.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-95b9a72e193f5d62",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Alibaba remains its main corporate stakeholder",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5b4cc2dc53a3c121",
       "src-9f3b197d1d104c1e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The peer-reviewed paper names Alibaba as City Brain's main corporate stakeholder alongside state actors; the operating company's own site still lists Alibaba as co-leader of the venture.",
      "caveat": "The paper dates from 2020; the present-tense reading rests on the operating company's own description. Alibaba held 49% at the JV's founding — the largest single stake, but a minority.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2e99d2b9fff887ac",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "since 2021 a joint venture with the city's data group has run it",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9f3b197d1d104c1e"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operating company states it was founded 25 February 2021 and delivers the City Brain under the joint leadership of Hangzhou Data Group and Alibaba — replacing the entry's earlier 'Alibaba Cloud' operator framing.",
      "caveat": "At founding the shareholders were Alibaba 49%, Hangzhou state capital 41% and Xihu Electronics 10% (city SOEs 51%, per trade press); the current split is not published on a readable source.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5ca513d065893d33",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Hangzhou launched construction of City Brain 3.0 in March 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-02ecc80fef5c2473"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Headline and body of the report on the 31 March 2025 conference: construction of 3.0 was launched (启动建设) — which is why the entry no longer says the system 'is' in its third generation.",
      "caveat": "The city's English-language page renders this as 'launched City Brain 3.0', which reads as operational; the Chinese primaries say construction.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9dc66823eeb3d97c",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the 2026 work report still lists it as under construction",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-26ab918bc53b166f"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 2026 work report's task list contains 'advance City Brain 3.0 construction', showing the build was unfinished in January 2026 — the currency anchor for this entry.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-7653fce6de110546",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "automating traffic signals in Hangzhou's Xiaoshan district raised travel speeds about 15%, shortened daily commutes by three minutes",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c7f82d82572c1261"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Sentence-level match to the only source that carries the number, with its true scope: one district, following signal automation.",
      "caveat": "Operator-reported, no baseline, no method, no measurement period given; the blog does not date the pilot itself.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cb1fe15692117712",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "halved ambulance arrival times",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c7f82d82572c1261"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The same Xiaoshan passage, attributed to prioritising emergency vehicles through signal control.",
      "caveat": "Operator-reported and district-scoped; the earlier entry generalised it to 'covered districts'.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3687727669c8617a",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Those are operator figures for one district, published in 2018 and never independently audited",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c7f82d82572c1261",
       "src-5b4cc2dc53a3c121"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The blog is the operator's own, dated 11 June 2018; the peer-reviewed paper on this exact project urges critical distance from the platform's advertised success claims, and no independent audit of these figures was found.",
      "caveat": "'Never independently audited' reflects our search — a negative finding, not proof that no audit exists.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-219c4109534628a5",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "The famous numbers come from one district and one company blog; the platform's reach is far better documented than its results.",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c7f82d82572c1261",
       "src-5b4cc2dc53a3c121"
      ],
      "supportNote": "An editorial reading of this audit: the only quantified outcomes trace to a single operator blog about one district, while the platform's scope and institutional arrangement are documented by government and academic sources.",
      "caveat": "Editorial judgement, not a source statement.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-c7f82d82572c1261",
      "title": "Alibaba Cloud — How ET City Brain Is Transforming the Way We Live (operator)",
      "url": "https://www.alibabacloud.com/blog/how-et-city-brain-is-transforming-the-way-we-live-%E2%80%93-one-city-at-a-time_593745",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "alibabacloud.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-6f3b30d12b191742",
       "clm-7653fce6de110546",
       "clm-cb1fe15692117712",
       "clm-3687727669c8617a",
       "clm-219c4109534628a5"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-06-11",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The actual origin of the 15% travel-speed and halved-ambulance figures — both stated for Xiaoshan district under automated traffic signals, not citywide. Operator marketing, not an independent evaluation.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9f3b197d1d104c1e",
      "title": "Digital Hangzhou — Hangzhou City Brain Technology & Services Co. (operator)",
      "url": "https://www.digital-hangzhou.com/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "digital-hangzhou.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-95b9a72e193f5d62",
       "clm-2e99d2b9fff887ac"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The company that builds and runs the City Brain, founded 25 Feb 2021 and working under the joint leadership of Hangzhou Data Group and Alibaba (在杭州市数据集团与阿里巴巴联合领导下). Continuously revised company site, so no publication date is stated.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-02ecc80fef5c2473",
      "title": "Hangzhou News — City Brain 3.0 construction launched (press)",
      "url": "https://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/chengshi/content/2025-04/01/content_8964439_0.htm",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "hznews.hangzhou.com.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-76d5069b10763fc4",
       "clm-5ca513d065893d33"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-04-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "City-portal report on the 31 March 2025 conference: 3.0 construction was launched (启动建设), not completed; also the DeepSeek/large-model integration. Names only municipal bureaux, no vendor.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-26ab918bc53b166f",
      "title": "Hangzhou News — 2026 government work report excerpt (official)",
      "url": "https://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/chengshi/content/2026-01/22/content_9165913.htm",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "hznews.hangzhou.com.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-53265a0eca08e6d4",
       "clm-9dc66823eeb3d97c"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-01-22",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Currency source: the 2026 work report lists advancing City Brain 3.0 construction (推进城市大脑3.0建设) among the year's tasks — 3.0 was still under construction in January 2026.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5b4cc2dc53a3c121",
      "title": "Platform urbanism and the Hangzhou City Brain, GeoJournal (peer-reviewed)",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7607375/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-53265a0eca08e6d4",
       "clm-95b9a72e193f5d62",
       "clm-3687727669c8617a",
       "clm-219c4109534628a5"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2020-11-03",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Caprotti & Liu; independent academic analysis of Alibaba's stakeholder role and of the governance arrangement, which explicitly cautions against the platform's advertised success claims. Journal issue dated 2022; first published online 3 Nov 2020.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}