{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "eindhoven-zero-emission-zone",
  "title": "Zero-Emission Freight Zone with ANPR Enforcement",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/eindhoven-zero-emission-zone/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T00:03:04Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-10",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 11 claims and 7 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:508a2a4ef60cec4578979a97e6a9db10e4c9a78c8942c583465786daaa874ef3",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-10",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:b6af34259dfe6d6928357b45293e924ef12e4ad3a82d3beb142f0796ae3f3b8c",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2025,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Gemeente Eindhoven, within the national zero-emission-zone framework coordinated with RDW (vehicle registration/exemptions).",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-1ce1128660065af4",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "ANPR cameras at every entry to Eindhoven's city-ring zero-emission zone read licence plates and check them against the national RDW vehicle register",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-146939e6afad444a",
       "src-68567e664f673aff"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's own zone page sets out the boundary within the ring and camera enforcement; its page for vans states that vehicle status is checked through the national RDW register.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6e5c1a7c9ae945d5",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Exemptions are applied for only through the national RDW contact point, not the city",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-68567e664f673aff"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's page for vans directs all exemption requests to the national RDW central point of contact.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3ce6ce8932d93999",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the city postponed it across the whole zone pending an inquiry into privacy risks in its own handling of the plate data",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-906113ca184bf83c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "evofenedex: 'de gemeente Eindhoven onlangs bekendgemaakt dat de handhaving van de gehele zero-emissiezone in Eindhoven wordt uitgesteld. De reden is een interne fout die samenhangt met een lopend onderzoek naar mogelijke privacyrisico's bij het gebruik van persoonsgegevens.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b2dfe51b9a43d044",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the fine start also waited on an approved inspection of the zone's traffic signs",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-beb8ad4e91cd66f4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The August 2026 analysis: 'liep de boetestart in steden als Den Bosch en Eindhoven vertraging op door het wachten op een goedgekeurde bordenschouw.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-e2ee2068b6a960de",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "In June 2025 the Brabant court partly annulled the traffic decision, finding the De Kade business park wrongly included",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-906113ca184bf83c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "evofenedex, 5 June 2025: 'De rechtbank in Brabant heeft geoordeeld dat bedrijventerrein De Kade onterecht is opgenomen in de zero-emissiezone (ZE-zone) van de gemeente Eindhoven. Het verkeersbesluit dat hiervoor was genomen, is deels vernietigd.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ada00aa6995a97b7",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "years of non-enforcement had given the impression it lay outside the earlier environmental zone, and the city had not examined what the ban would do to the firms established there",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-906113ca184bf83c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "evofenedex: 'Het langdurig niet handhaven op het bedrijventerrein wekt volgens de rechtbank ten minste de indruk dat De Kade buiten de milieuzone viel', and 'de gemeente bij het nemen van het verkeersbesluit onvoldoende heeft onderzocht wat de gevolgen zouden zijn voor de gevestigde bedrijven op De Kade'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-19d8639a10b92de2",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "In April 2026 the Council of State rejected the same argument from the Hallenweg business park, holding that the city was entitled to take the decision to improve air quality and cut CO2",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-2421b97c6b6311cb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Transport Online, 1 April 2026: 'De Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State heeft geoordeeld dat de zero-emissiezone in Eindhoven ook van toepassing mag zijn op het bedrijventerrein aan de Hallenweg', and 'mocht de gemeente het verkeersbesluit nemen om de luchtkwaliteit te verbeteren en CO₂-uitstoot te verminderen'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8e4c3efc1055c25c",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "its camera-based checking did not yet meet data-protection requirements — the responsible alderman called the administrative slip something he was 'enormously fed up' about",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-906113ca184bf83c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "evofenedex: 'Uit interne toetsing blijkt dat deze controle op dit moment nog niet voldoet aan de gestelde eisen', and 'Wethouder Robert Strijk (D66) gaf aan ‘enorm te balen’ van de administratieve vergissing.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0bd15312f09a016e",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "by August 2026 reporting still listed the city among those where camera problems disrupt enforcement",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-beb8ad4e91cd66f4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The August 2026 analysis: 'Zo kampen Haarlem en Eindhoven met cameraproblemen die de handhaving verstoren'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cf94d3cf4aa18fed",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Eindhoven won at the Council of State on the substance — vans and trucks are a large enough share of emissions to justify the ban — and lost in a lower court on process",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-2421b97c6b6311cb",
       "src-906113ca184bf83c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Transport Online records the Council of State accepting the city's evidence that vans and trucks account for a considerable share of emissions; evofenedex records the lower court annulling the decision for De Kade on the ground that the consequences for established firms had not been examined.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-25fde346628eaa79",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "it switched its own cameras off, not for a legal challenge but because an internal check found the plate-reading did not meet data-protection requirements",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-906113ca184bf83c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "evofenedex reports the zone-wide postponement as separate from the ruling: an internal error connected to an ongoing inquiry into privacy risks in the use of personal data, since checking is done with plate-reading cameras.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-146939e6afad444a",
      "title": "Zero-emissiezone en milieuzone (Gemeente Eindhoven, authority)",
      "url": "https://www.eindhoven.nl/stad-en-wonen/verkeer/zero-emissiezone-en-milieuzone",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "eindhoven.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-1ce1128660065af4"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Zone start date, boundary within the ring, ANPR enforcement, fine amounts and the phased timeline to 2030/2038. No publication date shown.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-68567e664f673aff",
      "title": "Wat betekent dit voor bestelauto's? (Gemeente Eindhoven, authority)",
      "url": "https://www.eindhoven.nl/stad-en-wonen/verkeer/zero-emissiezone-en-milieuzone/wat-betekent-dit-voor-bestelautos",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "eindhoven.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-1ce1128660065af4",
       "clm-6e5c1a7c9ae945d5"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Exemptions are requested only via the national RDW central point of contact; vehicle status checked via OpWegNaarZES.nl and ovi.rdw.nl. No publication date shown.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-760fed12684ffdcf",
      "title": "Wat betekent dit voor vrachtwagens? (Gemeente Eindhoven, authority)",
      "url": "https://www.eindhoven.nl/stad-en-wonen/verkeer/zero-emissiezone-en-milieuzone/wat-betekent-dit-voor-vrachtwagens",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "eindhoven.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Truck transition deadline (end of 2029) and exemption categories. No publication date shown.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9c3b3edb4be42f53",
      "title": "Verkeersbesluit zero-emissiezone aangepast na reacties (Gemeente Eindhoven notice)",
      "url": "https://www.eindhoven.nl/nieuws/verkeersbesluit-zero-emissiezone-aangepast-na-reacties",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "eindhoven.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "After a six-week objection period on the draft traffic decision the city loosened the rules: extra years for older rigid trucks and relaxed exemption criteria. No publication date shown.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-906113ca184bf83c",
      "title": "Eindhovense rechter zet streep door zero-emissiezone bedrijventerrein De Kade (evofenedex, trade press)",
      "url": "https://www.evofenedex.nl/actualiteiten/eindhovense-rechter-zet-streep-door-zero-emissiezone-bedrijventerrein-de-kade",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "evofenedex.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-3ce6ce8932d93999",
       "clm-e2ee2068b6a960de",
       "clm-ada00aa6995a97b7",
       "clm-8e4c3efc1055c25c",
       "clm-cf94d3cf4aa18fed",
       "clm-25fde346628eaa79"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-06-05",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "5 June 2025: the Brabant court partly annulled the traffic decision for the De Kade business park, holding that long non-enforcement had given the impression the area lay outside the environmental zone and that the city had not examined the consequences for the firms established there; the same piece reports the city postponing enforcement across the whole zone pending an inquiry into privacy risks in the handling of personal data, since checking is done by plate-reading cameras.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-2421b97c6b6311cb",
      "title": "Raad van State: zero-emissiezone Eindhoven mag ook gelden voor bedrijventerrein Hallenweg (Transport Online, trade press)",
      "url": "https://www.transport-online.nl/122684/raad-van-state-zero-emissiezone-eindhoven-mag-ook-gelden-voor-bedrijventerrein-hallenweg/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "transport-online.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-19d8639a10b92de2",
       "clm-cf94d3cf4aa18fed"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-04-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "1 April 2026: the Council of State's administrative jurisdiction division held that the zone may also apply to the Hallenweg business park and that the city was entitled to take the traffic decision to improve air quality and reduce CO2 emissions.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-beb8ad4e91cd66f4",
      "title": "Ruim 56.000 boetes uitgedeeld sinds invoering zero-emissiezones (regional news aggregator)",
      "url": "https://halderberge.nieuws.nl/nieuws/ruim-56000-boetes-uitgedeeld-sinds-invoering-zero-emissiezones",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "halderberge.nieuws.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-b2dfe51b9a43d044",
       "clm-0bd15312f09a016e"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "6 August 2026: an analysis of government figures counting 103,886 warning letters and 56,637 fines across the Dutch zero-emission zones between January 2025 and May 2026; lists Eindhoven among the cities where camera problems disrupt enforcement and where the fine start was delayed pending an approved traffic-sign inspection, and describes several municipalities reverting to warnings in 2026 over sign changes, additional data-protection signage and legal proceedings.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 7,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}