{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "eindhoven-ivri-smart-traffic-lights",
  "title": "Intelligent Traffic Lights (iVRI) on the Eindhoven Ring",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/eindhoven-ivri-smart-traffic-lights/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T21:12:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-10",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 6 claims and 7 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:d793551a8224fb35569b51a495d2968941a18291b26dfe480d7f49a37db57529",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-10",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:146077bfd322c8c5cd29b57d8c1440dbd3d3d4fbd227ecb91925b67ce72c4345",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2018,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Gemeente Eindhoven (traffic signals), within the national Talking Traffic public-private partnership.",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government",
      "private"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "ppp",
     "fundingDescription": "Delivered through the national 'Partnership Talking Traffic' public-private programme (road authorities plus private data/app partners); the physical signal upgrades on Eindhoven's own roads are municipally commissioned.",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-47f47786757626ed",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Eindhoven began converting Ring-road traffic lights into intelligent installations (iVRI)",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4c258a409ccbb323",
       "src-b660cdf85080ae5b"
      ],
      "supportNote": "PONT carries the municipality's own announcement, bylined \"Gemeente Eindhoven\" and dated 14 December 2018: intelligent traffic control installations would be fitted \"in de eerste helft van 2019 op vier plekken op het noordelijke deel van de Eindhovense rondweg\" — in the first half of 2019 at four places on the northern part of Eindhoven's ring road. It names the stretches: \"Op het traject Kennedylaan – Evoluon\" and \"Ook op het traject Kennedylaan – Wolvendijk / N270 worden de verkeerslichten voorzien van slimme software.\" Studio 040 reports the same four conversions the next day.",
      "caveat": "Both accounts are announcements published in December 2018. Neither says the four installations were built, and no later source in this entry reports their completion.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d449dea36d91c096",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "under the Dutch national Talking Traffic partnership",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-136dde7df8b391e6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Dutch Wikipedia article describes Talking Traffic as a partnership between the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, decentralised authorities and industry, and dates the national rollout: \"De landelijke uitrol van het Talking Traffic-systeem begon in 2016 in Utrecht, Eindhoven, Helmond, Deventer en Groningen\" — the national rollout began in 2016 in Utrecht, Eindhoven, Helmond, Deventer and Groningen. Eindhoven is therefore named as one of the five cities where the programme started, from 2016.",
      "caveat": "This is an encyclopedia entry that is revised continuously, not a record of Eindhoven's own programme, and it is the only retrievable source in this entry that names Talking Traffic. The city's own traffic page describes its intelligent traffic lights without mentioning the programme at all.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4af5b8c23e1e12e3",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "eleven were already running on the east side of the ring road by December 2018",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b660cdf85080ae5b"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The local report of December 2018 states that eleven iVRIs were already in place on the eastern side of the ring road — \"al elf iVRI's aan de oostkant van de rondweg\" — which places the start of the conversion before that month.",
      "caveat": "The report gives no date for the first installation, so it fixes only a point by which eleven were running, not when the work began.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-e11b211a6970388b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Signal plans for 16 iVRIs have since been written",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a95cbe8c85eab284"
      ],
      "supportNote": "This figure could not be read at its source. The cited page is no longer published: the consultancy's website now resolves to dtv.nl, the article was not carried across the move, and the address in the source list returns a \"page not found\" response. Its title survives in search indexes as \"Verkeerslichtenregelingen voor 16 iVRI's gemeente Eindhoven\" — signal control plans for sixteen iVRIs — which counts installations rather than plans as a separate quantity, but a title is not the text of a source. No retrievable source in this entry gives a count of Eindhoven's intelligent traffic lights.",
      "caveat": "The number rests on a page that is no longer online, written by the engineering consultancy that carried out the work rather than by the city the passage credits. The city's own traffic page states no count of intelligent installations and does not say how many of them stand on the Ring.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0f084bcd3ad1dd54",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the lights talk to Flitsmeister-connected cars",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-68f9456485a97914"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's own traffic page states that an intelligent traffic light \"communiceert met voertuigen en met andere verkeerslichten\" — communicates with vehicles and with other traffic lights — and that this only works if the vehicle carries the communication technology. It then names the app and the place: \"Dit kan met de Flitsmeister app op de kruising J.F. Kennedylaan - Ring\", what the driver is shown being \"hoe lang het verkeerslicht nog op groen staat\", how long the light will still be green.",
      "caveat": "The city names one junction, J.F. Kennedylaan – Ring, not the ring road as a whole, and what the app shows the driver is the remaining green time.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-dec9773fa8207901",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "give behind-schedule buses priority",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-68f9456485a97914"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's traffic page explains that an approaching bus sends a message to the traffic light, and that \"Als de bus achter loopt op zijn rijschema of als het een HOV-bus is, mag deze meteen door\" — if the bus is running behind its timetable, or if it is a high-quality public transport bus, it may go straight through, with conflicting traffic brought to red within safe margins.",
      "caveat": "The same page gives immediate green to every high-quality public transport bus whether or not it is late, and gives a punctual ordinary bus no priority at all, so lateness is one of two triggers rather than the rule. The page describes Eindhoven's traffic lights in general and does not limit the behaviour to the intelligent installations.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-b660cdf85080ae5b",
      "title": "Studio 040 (local press, Dec 2018)",
      "url": "https://studio040.nl/nieuws/artikel/doorstroom-op-de-rondweg-moet-beter-met-slimme-verkeerslichten",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "studio040.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-47f47786757626ed",
       "clm-4af5b8c23e1e12e3"
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-12-15",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Announces 4 iVRI intersections on the northern Ring (Kennedylaan-Evoluon, Kennedylaan-Wolvendijk/N270) for first half of 2019; operator gemeente Eindhoven.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-4c258a409ccbb323",
      "title": "PONT Data & Privacy (trade press)",
      "url": "https://privacy-web.nl/nieuws/gemeente-eindhoven-intelligente-verkeerslichten-voor-betere-doorstroming-op-de-ring/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "privacy-web.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-12-14",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trade-press report on the iVRI conversion of the ring road; carries no measurement and does not mention emissions.",
       "exact": false
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     {
      "id": "src-68f9456485a97914",
      "title": "Gemeente Eindhoven (official)",
      "url": "https://www.eindhoven.nl/stad-en-wonen/verkeer/veilig-en-vlot-door-de-stad",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "eindhoven.nl",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "City's own traffic page: iVRIs communicate with vehicles, HOV buses get immediate green, late buses get priority, Flitsmeister works at J.F. Kennedylaan-Ring, loop detectors, 4 green-wave corridors.",
       "exact": false
      },
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      "title": "DTV Consultants (trade press / project engineer)",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "DTV programmed signal control plans for 16 iVRIs for gemeente Eindhoven so the intersections can publish real-time SPAT data.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-30375415e5fdd307",
      "title": "DTV Consultants — ITS corridor Eindhoven-Helmond (trade press / project engineer)",
      "url": "https://dtvconsultants.nl/de-klant-aan-het-woord/slimme-verkeerslichten-vormen-its-corridor-in-eindhoven-en-helmond/",
      "publisher": {
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      },
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
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       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Joint 'ITS corridor' of iVRIs at ten intersections across Eindhoven AND Helmond, built for the 2019 ITS European Congress (Evoluon to Automotive Campus).",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-79dcb65c1f2816f6",
      "title": "ERTICO / ITS European Congress Brainport 2019",
      "url": "https://ertico.com/eindhoven-helmond-are-hosting-the-2019-its-european-congress/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ertico.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independently confirms Eindhoven and Helmond jointly hosted the 2019 ITS European Congress.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-136dde7df8b391e6",
      "title": "Dutch Wikipedia: Talking Traffic",
      "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_Traffic",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "nl.wikipedia.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-10",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "National programme context: rollout began 2016 with Utrecht, Eindhoven, Helmond, Deventer and Groningen as the five pioneer cities.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 6,
     "claimsMapped": 6,
     "sourcesTotal": 7,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}