{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "dublin-smart-bins", "title": "Dublin's Bigbelly Smart Bins: Fill-Level Alerts and a Smaller Bin Count", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dublin-smart-bins/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-09-25-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-09-25-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-09-25T10:07:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-09-25", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 12 claims and 5 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:165c67a9d1c286dde98278ef75cdd9554500bf8bb4c9f15ee71fce5cf0aa40b8", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-09-25", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:03333d65b4ce28e1dccbe61037387f0987eb9f02c0af8883c4a95e8cd9ec3505", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2018, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Dublin City Council (bins supplied by Kyron Street Ltd, Irish distributor of Bigbelly)", "actorTypes": [ "city-government", "private" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": "Dublin City Council; advertising on the Docklands bins offsets part of the leasing cost", "cost": "Contract worth €2 million excluding VAT (2018 tender award); about €1,000 per bin per year according to the council's smart city lead (2019)", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-54761dda431c2e04", "field": "snippet", "text": "awarded the Irish firm Kyron Street a contract worth €2 million, excluding VAT, for solar-powered Bigbelly compactor bins", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-19b3e69facc48da9" ], "supportNote": "The report: 'Irish firm Kyron Street was awarded the contract to provide the smart bins' and 'The contract is worth €2 million, excluding VAT, according to a tender award notice recently published by the local authority.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a3fe89b06fd6c5a8", "field": "snippet", "text": "crush the waste inside and report in real time when they need emptying", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-19b3e69facc48da9", "src-826bd41f4bd68b7e" ], "supportNote": "The Irish Times says the bins 'have real-time information to tell waste collectors when the bin is full'; the Dublin Inquirer quotes the council's smart city lead: 'Every one of those bins is communicating back in real time.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5e62754b4a57c7ce", "field": "snippet", "text": "the tender sought up to 800 of them", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-826bd41f4bd68b7e" ], "supportNote": "The Inquirer: 'In its tender last year, the council said it was looking for up to 800 solar-powered compactor litter bins.'", "caveat": "The Irish Times reported the contract as '800 solar-powered bins'; by 2019 the council's smart city lead put purchases at about 300.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d41ff5d355b2a336", "field": "snippet", "text": "installed 110 of the bins in the Docklands under a 30-month pilot, where staff see each bin's fill level on an online map", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-cc951c9894ee8747" ], "supportNote": "The project page: the council 'partnered with Big Belly Bins (supplied by Irish company Kyron Street) to install 110 smart bins across the Dublin Docklands area over a 30-month period', with the capacity of each bin shown on 'an online dashboard digital map'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fc44869769fd2442", "field": "snippet", "text": "Bigbelly configured the council's 350 bins to time-stamp each deposit as a measure of street activity, and small radar sensors went onto around 20 of them", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-17a17a2e78519539" ], "supportNote": "Cities Today: 'Bigbelly configured its system to include time stamps, triggered each time rubbish is deposited'; the programme manager: 'Our 350 bins are in parks, the city centre and the suburbs'; 'Small radar sensors have also been placed on around 20 of the bins'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7592d294a5253d19", "field": "snippet", "text": "lists 437 Bigbelly bins", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8fbb809db86bf971" ], "supportNote": "The register's CSV (Bin_Type column) records 437 entries as 'Bigbelly Bin' — a count of rows, so there is no sentence to quote; the dataset page shows 'Last updated 2026-05-01'.", "caveat": "The register records where a Bigbelly bin stands, not whether its sensor still reports.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-52d1a07d9c563835", "field": "impact", "text": "cut bin collection frequencies in the Docklands by as much as 85%", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-cc951c9894ee8747" ], "supportNote": "The project page lists among outcomes: 'Reduction of bin collection frequencies in the Docklands by as much as 85%.'", "caveat": "The figure is the programme's own; no baseline or measurement method is given.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ef9fae405c51ec08", "field": "impact", "text": "advertising revenue on the bins reduced their overall cost", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-cc951c9894ee8747" ], "supportNote": "The project page: 'Revenue received from local advertising on the bins reducing the overall cost of the bins'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4616d19cc38329fb", "field": "impact", "text": "would continue to be evaluated for operational and fiscal viability", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-cc951c9894ee8747" ], "supportNote": "The project page: 'The 30-month pilot would continue to be evaluated for operational and fiscal viability'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f83516af64680ee5", "field": "impact", "text": "put the cost at about €1,000 per bin per year, declining to break it down for reasons of commercial sensitivity", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-826bd41f4bd68b7e" ], "supportNote": "The Inquirer: 'Each bin costs about €1,000 per year, says Cudden. \"I can't break it down into different components because of commercial sensitivities,\" he said.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b5ffdd47a9865a40", "field": "lesson", "text": "The tender aimed to cut the number of on-street bins by about 20 per cent", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-19b3e69facc48da9", "src-826bd41f4bd68b7e" ], "supportNote": "The Irish Times: the bins 'could reduce the number of on-street rubbish bins by 20 per cent'; the Inquirer: the council 'said it was looking to cut the number of litter bins on the streets in its area by 20 percent'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b0c25de2e4cb0fa4", "field": "lesson", "text": "Councillors objected that parts of the city were already short of bins, the council's count having fallen from roughly 5,000 to 3,091 since its 2008–2011 litter plan", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-826bd41f4bd68b7e" ], "supportNote": "The Inquirer quotes councillors worried about a shortage of bins and states: 'There were roughly 5,000 bins in the Dublin City Council area when the Litter Management Plan 2008–2011 was drawn up. That had fallen to 3,500 bins by the time the 2016–2018 plan was written – and, more recently, to 3,091.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-19b3e69facc48da9", "title": "Irish Times, on the 800-bin contract (media)", "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/news/environment/dublin-city-centre-to-get-800-solar-powered-bins-1.3510543", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "irishtimes.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-54761dda431c2e04", "clm-a3fe89b06fd6c5a8", "clm-b5ffdd47a9865a40" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2018-05-28", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report of 28 May 2018: Dublin city centre is to get 800 solar-powered compactor bins that could reduce the number of on-street bins by 20 per cent; Kyron Street was awarded the contract, worth €2 million excluding VAT according to the council's tender award notice; the bins tell waste collectors in real time when they are full. It notes more than 3,500 bins across the council area.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-826bd41f4bd68b7e", "title": "Dublin Inquirer, on the Bigbelly roll-out and its costs (media)", "url": "https://www.dublininquirer.com/roll-out-of-new-bins-brings-dreams-of-high-tech-possibilities-fears-of-privatisation-and-costs/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dublininquirer.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a3fe89b06fd6c5a8", "clm-5e62754b4a57c7ce", "clm-f83516af64680ee5", "clm-b5ffdd47a9865a40", "clm-b0c25de2e4cb0fa4" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2019-09-18", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report of 18 September 2019: the council's smart city lead says every bin communicates in real time, 110 bins are installed in the Docklands in a partnership with Bigbelly and about 300 more were bought under the tender for up to 800, at about €1,000 per bin per year. Councillors question the aim of cutting bin numbers by 20 per cent; the article traces the council's bin count from roughly 5,000 under the 2008–2011 litter plan to 3,091.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-cc951c9894ee8747", "title": "Smart Docklands, Smart Bin Innovation Services project page (official)", "url": "https://smartdocklands.ie/projects/smart-bin-innovation/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "smartdocklands.ie", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-d41ff5d355b2a336", "clm-52d1a07d9c563835", "clm-ef9fae405c51ec08", "clm-4616d19cc38329fb" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Project page of Smart Docklands, the council's Docklands smart-city programme: 110 Bigbelly bins supplied by Kyron Street installed over a 30-month period, fill levels shown on an online dashboard map, collection frequencies in the Docklands reduced by as much as 85%, advertising revenue offsetting the leasing cost, and a statement that the pilot would continue to be evaluated. The page shows no date of its own.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-17a17a2e78519539", "title": "Cities Today, on the bins' pandemic repurposing (media)", "url": "https://cities-today.com/dublins-smart-bins-find-new-purpose-during-the-pandemic/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "cities-today.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-fc44869769fd2442" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2021-02-26", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report of 26 February 2021: in a pilot with the council, Bigbelly configured its system to time-stamp each deposit; the smart city programme manager describes 350 bins in parks, the city centre and suburbs; small radar sensors were placed on around 20 bins.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-8fbb809db86bf971", "title": "Dublin City Council, public bin locations dataset (official)", "url": "https://data.smartdublin.ie/dataset/dcc-public-bin-locations", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "data.smartdublin.ie", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-7592d294a5253d19" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2018-08-16", "updatedAt": "2026-05-01", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The council's open register of public bin locations (CC BY), updated monthly. The May 2026 file lists 3,434 bins by type, 437 of them recorded as 'Bigbelly Bin'.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 12, "claimsMapped": 12, "sourcesTotal": 5, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }