{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "dublin-flood-forecasting", "title": "Dublin Tidal Flood Forecasting: A Forecast That Tells the Council When to Shut the Gates", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dublin-flood-forecasting/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-09-25-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-09-25-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-09-25T10:02:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-09-25", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 13 claims and 4 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:a27170f3b47e27d8d5b9b8aaa9a2715998fd942463aab591eb3352d2f77ef3e9", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-09-25", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:d57501b5ec74faa16b0e07612b416ee0af6475933ead114ee50b7d9ecab755bb", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2005, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Dublin City Council, Environment and Transportation Department; Triton forecast system built by Royal Haskoning (2005)", "actorTypes": [ "city-government" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": "Dublin Coastal Flooding Protection Project, sponsored by Dublin City Council with Fingal County Council, the Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and the OPW, within the EU Interreg IIIB SAFER project", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-e28fc037c04efff5", "field": "snippet", "text": "After the tidal flood of 1 February 2002, Dublin City Council commissioned a coastal flood forecasting system, Triton, from the consultants Royal Haskoning", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-70e2bbfe61db4931" ], "supportNote": "The consultant's final report names Dublin City Council as primary sponsor, calibrates its models against the 1 February 2002 event and delivers the forecast system through the TRITON user interface.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9b2f6c7657a81299", "field": "snippet", "text": "whose final report is dated 29 April 2005", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-70e2bbfe61db4931" ], "supportNote": "Every page of the report carries 'Final Report 29 April 2005'.", "caveat": "The report describes the system as delivered to the council but still needing a trial period before going live; the date it first issued live warnings was not found.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0c7108991d22de54", "field": "snippet", "text": "takes surge, wave and wind forecasts from the UK Met Office, received twice daily, and converts them through pre-computed transfer functions into a 36-hour forecast of water levels and wave overtopping along the coast", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-70e2bbfe61db4931" ], "supportNote": "Chapter 10 states surge predictions are received twice daily from the UK Met Office; chapter 14 describes pre-developed transfer functions converting offshore to nearshore conditions and overtopping, and 'a 36 hour forecast is given with twelve three-hourly predictions'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b17165f17d0bde8f", "field": "snippet", "text": "compared against trigger levels for tiered flood warnings", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-70e2bbfe61db4931" ], "supportNote": "Section 14.1.3 bases the Triton warning trigger values on a four-tier system, with default trigger levels for water level and overtopping in Table 14.2.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5c0f689ac90bc85a", "field": "snippet", "text": "A second tidal system, Tidewatch, was also developed after 2002; the council says Tidewatch forecasts up to five days ahead and Triton two.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b470cf7f0889d598" ], "supportNote": "The council's case study: Triton and Tidewatch are two tidal flood forecasting and warning systems developed following the February 2002 flood, 'with Tidewatch providing forecasts up to five days in advance and Triton two days in advance'.", "caveat": "The 2005 design report describes Triton's forecast as 36 hours; the council's plan rounds it to two days. Neither source names who built Tidewatch.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-acc5a730e4da9e00", "field": "snippet", "text": "the council monitors river, rainfall, tidal and waste water levels through a network of level gauges, rain gauges, cameras and weather stations", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-63b6137bb61c4732" ], "supportNote": "The council page states it monitors river, rainfall, tidal and waste water levels with level gauges, rain gauges, cameras and weather stations, mostly in the city and some in Wicklow, Meath and Kildare.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fd29e9b9e3a0b120", "field": "snippet", "text": "flood gates and demountable defences along Spencer Dock, the South Campshires and the River Dodder have to be closed during an extreme event", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b470cf7f0889d598" ], "supportNote": "The plan: the defences along Spencer Dock, the South Campshires and the River Dodder contain flood gates and demountable defences 'which require closing during an extreme event'; the forecasts are used to implement emergency response procedures such as closing flood gates.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8876df8d350ae642", "field": "impact", "text": "No published evaluation of either system's forecast accuracy, or of flooding it helped avoid, was found.", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b470cf7f0889d598", "src-70e2bbfe61db4931" ], "supportNote": "Neither the council's plan nor the design report gives a measured accuracy or avoided-damage figure; the report itself calls for trial testing and later fine-tuning of trigger levels. No independent assessment turned up in our search.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fbcf381c3a95f63d", "field": "impact", "text": "in February 2026, tidal warnings led the council to keep coastal car parks at Sandymount and Clontarf closed against wave overtopping, to keep the flood gates along the River Dodder closed until further notice, and to put up flood barriers at the Eden Quay boardwalk", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f78bc406833a665b" ], "supportNote": "The live coverage relays council statements: 'Due to tidal warnings, carparks along coasts at Sandymount and Clontarf will be kept closed to protect against possible wave overtopping', the Dodder flood gates 'will remain closed until further notice', and flood barriers were put up at the Eden Quay boardwalk.", "caveat": "The coverage says 'tidal warnings' without naming which forecast system issued them.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-21e203e3057102ac", "field": "impact", "text": "lists monitoring of the flood forecasting and warning system as an ongoing action whose indicator is simply that the system is maintained", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b470cf7f0889d598" ], "supportNote": "The plan's action table: 'Monitoring of flood forecasting and warning system — Ongoing — Environment and Transportation — System maintained'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a6dbd93bdca7614b", "field": "lesson", "text": "The council calls the tide forecasts an integral element of its defences", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b470cf7f0889d598" ], "supportNote": "The plan: 'Thus, the tide forecasts form an important and integral element of the flood defences in these areas.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b219c8cdcd92ab28", "field": "lesson", "text": "the gates and demountable barriers on the Dodder and the quays provide their 1-in-200-year standard of protection only once they are closed", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b470cf7f0889d598" ], "supportNote": "The plan: the gates and demountable defences 'when closed, ensure that a 1-in-200-year standard of protection is provided by these defences'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-46d300d67329f7a5", "field": "lesson", "text": "the 2005 design told the council to set its warning triggers partly by the time needed to put demountable and temporary defences in place", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-70e2bbfe61db4931" ], "supportNote": "Section 14.1.4 lists, among the operations-related aspects on which each trigger level depends, 'The time needed to put demountable and temporary defences in place'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-b470cf7f0889d598", "title": "Dublin City Council Climate Change Action Plan 2019–2024, flood resilience chapter (operator)", "url": "https://dublinclimatechange.codema.ie/f/50477/x/5ea5f9eb31/2019-dcc-climate-change-action-plan-flood-resilience.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dublinclimatechange.codema.ie", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-5c0f689ac90bc85a", "clm-fd29e9b9e3a0b120", "clm-8876df8d350ae642", "clm-21e203e3057102ac", "clm-a6dbd93bdca7614b", "clm-b219c8cdcd92ab28" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Flood-resilience chapter of the council's Climate Change Action Plan 2019–2024. A case study says Triton and Tidewatch are two tidal flood forecasting and warning systems developed following the coastal flood of February 2002, using weather and/or surge forecasts in the Irish Sea to predict tide levels, Tidewatch up to five days ahead and Triton two. The forecasts are used to implement emergency responses such as closing flood gates: the defences along Spencer Dock, the South Campshires and the River Dodder contain flood gates and demountable defences that must be closed in an extreme event to give a 1-in-200-year standard of protection. The action table lists 'Monitoring of flood forecasting and warning system' as ongoing, indicator 'System maintained'. It also notes the SAFER project (2002–2008) that produced a tidal flood forecasting and warning system.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-70e2bbfe61db4931", "title": "Dublin Coastal Flooding Protection Project, final report by Royal Haskoning, 29 April 2005 (consultant)", "url": "https://www.fingal.ie/sites/default/files/2019-07/dublin_coastal_flooding_protection_project_report_royal_haskoning.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "fingal.ie", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e28fc037c04efff5", "clm-9b2f6c7657a81299", "clm-0c7108991d22de54", "clm-b17165f17d0bde8f", "clm-8876df8d350ae642", "clm-46d300d67329f7a5" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2005-04-29", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Final report of the Dublin Coastal Flooding Protection Project for Dublin City Council and Fingal County Council, primary sponsor Dublin City Council with Fingal, the Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and the OPW as co-sponsors, within the Interreg IIIB SAFER initiative. Chapter 14 describes the Triton forecast system: UK Met Office surge predictions received twice daily, transfer functions that convert offshore to nearshore conditions without running models in real time, a 36-hour forecast of twelve three-hourly predictions, default trigger levels for four warning tiers, and trigger levels to be set partly by the time needed to put demountable and temporary defences in place. It states the system needs formal trial testing before going live.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-63b6137bb61c4732", "title": "Dublin City Council, Flood Forecast and Warning page (operator)", "url": "https://www.dublincity.ie/environment-and-climate-action/protecting-against-floods/flood-forecast-and-warning", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dublincity.ie", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-acc5a730e4da9e00" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "For flood forecasting and warning the council monitors river, rainfall, tidal and waste water levels with a network of level gauges, rain gauges, cameras and weather stations, mostly in the city, with some instruments in Counties Wicklow, Meath and Kildare.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-f78bc406833a665b", "title": "The Irish Times, Dublin flood live coverage, 3 February 2026 (media)", "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/environment/2026/02/03/live-met-eireann-weather-warnings-rainfall-flooding-ireland/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "irishtimes.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-fbcf381c3a95f63d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-02-03", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Live coverage of the February 2026 floods, relaying Dublin City Council statements: tidal warnings prompted the council to close car parks along the coast at Sandymount and Clontarf against possible wave overtopping; the Eden Quay boardwalk floodgates were closed as a precaution and flood barriers put up; the flood gates along the River Dodder would remain closed until further notice; crews remained active across the city.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 13, "claimsMapped": 13, "sourcesTotal": 4, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }