{
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 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "dublin-dublinbikes",
  "title": "dublinbikes: Bike Share Paid for With Billboards",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dublin-dublinbikes/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-09-25-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-09-25-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-09-25T10:03:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-09-25",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 11 source dossiers.",
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   },
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    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:aeb726a5f034677f617b1f39ac82b6d50558af56878fae12e2ac2c8df6cf9a95",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-09-25",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:755abcacaad555ba3b6bf4b82439563dfc69d37252a28d163427f2035e3b766a",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
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     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2009,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "JCDecaux Ireland, under a concession from Dublin City Council",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government",
      "private",
      "national-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "ppp",
     "fundingDescription": "JCDecaux advertising concession, council maintenance fees, National Transport Authority capital grants, sponsorship, and subscriptions and hire fees",
     "cost": "Annual operating cost around €2.5 million, per the council",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-7af820ae935881b4",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "launched dublinbikes in September 2009 with 450 bikes at 40 stations",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-4db0e35553d9a08c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The 2019 report states the scheme was launched in September 2009 and began with 450 bicycles at 40 stations.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cdd47bd2487a5960",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "JCDecaux built and runs the scheme in return for advertising sites around the city",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Journal: JCDecaux operates the scheme on the council's behalf in return for public space for its billboards and digital displays; the Irish Times: JCDecaux funded the scheme in exchange for advertising panels.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-de8d3efa79663303",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "It has grown to about 1,600 bikes at 115 docking stations, largely inside the canals",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Both 2026 reports give around 1,600 bikes at 115 stations, within the canals.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-1e67b14a51847570",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "in March 2021 half the fleet — 800 bikes — became hybrid electric bikes, powered by a portable battery that subscribers carry",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-bc86198b144b06ea"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The joint announcement upgrades 50% of the 1,600-bike fleet to hybrid electric from 30 March 2021, powered by a personal portable battery delivered to subscribers; the launch notice gives 800 hybrid bikes in a fleet of 1,600.",
      "caveat": "The operator's figures describe the 2021 upgrade; no dated source gives the current electric share.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-7b1d8e3ae7710c02",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Every station reports its available bikes and free docks to a public feed in the General Bikeshare Feed Specification",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e1c46e4f62847d88",
       "src-40936f6e3a6d3657"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The live GBFS station_status feed lists, per station, bikes available (mechanical and electrical) and docks available; the council's dataset describes it as a GBFS API.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9091b50fcdffb544",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "with vehicle locations updated every minute and monthly historical station files",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-40936f6e3a6d3657"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The dataset text reads 'The current location of the vehicles is updated every minute' and lists monthly historical station files.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-97136656f350c053",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "JCDecaux, not the council, owns the bikes and the station equipment",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Irish Times: JCDecaux owns the 1,600 bikes and their stands; The Journal: a council report notes it does not own the bikes or the station equipment.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-54c48c932af5fdd7",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Riders had made more than 38 million journeys by November 2024, and 96 per cent of journeys fall within the free first half-hour",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The November 2024 report gives more than 38 million journeys since introduction and says 96 per cent of journeys are free.",
      "caveat": "A cumulative total since 2009, not an annual figure.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3794254b8930b20b",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "council data counts 3,816,652 trips in 2019 and 2,001,810 in 2022",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-67709ba10a941f4e"
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      "supportNote": "Data released by the council gives 2,001,810 trips in 2022 against 3,816,652 in 2019.",
      "caveat": "No later annual totals were found in a dated source.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-aa03bfa4f9c8cf5a",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "yearly subscribers fell about 6% in the year to November 2022",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "Yearly subscribers fell by around 6% between November 2021 and November 2022, while short-term subscribers rose.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "in November 2024 the council's chief executive put the deficit at 'probably north of half a million per annum' and said expansion was not under consideration",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Richard Shakespeare said expansion was 'currently not under consideration' and 'The current deficit is probably north of half a million per annum'.",
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     },
     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "In May 2026 the council said it will let the JCDecaux contract expire in September 2027 and procure a new scheme of around 4,000 classic and electric bikes in which it owns the stations and possibly the bikes",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The council plans its own scheme after the agreement expires in September 2027, owning the stations and possibly the bikes, with one operator and around 4,000 classic and e-bikes.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Trading billboards for bikes bought Dublin its first 450 bikes without a cash price",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "Under the first contract, for 40 stations and 450 bikes, JCDecaux got advertising space and in exchange ran the scheme.",
      "caveat": "Later expansions were paid for with National Transport Authority grants, sponsorship and council fees.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2ddfe5ca1644aa33",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "council managers say taking the scheme beyond the canals would require changing it",
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      "supportNote": "Expanding beyond the canals 'would require changes to the council's contract with JC Decaux, council managers said'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-b88a8163e6240386",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "a council report found the northside with 59 per cent of the advertising units and 35 per cent of the bike stations",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "A council report showed the northside with 59 percent of the advertising units and 35 percent of the stations, the southside 41 and 65.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6cfe71e595cc9171",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "with council-owned stations and an operations contract",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The council believes it should own the stations and potentially the bikes, with an operational, maintenance and upgrade contractor.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b6efae9f57c950c6",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the 82 billboards are due to come down when the concession ends",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The contract covers 82 advertising billboards, and the council says all advertising units in the contract must be removed after expiry, though no timeline is agreed.",
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    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-50cd983959ec85ee",
      "title": "The Irish Times, on the council ending the JCDecaux contract (media)",
      "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/dublin/2026/05/22/loss-making-since-day-one-dublinbikes-scheme-to-be-discontinued-after-17-years/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "irishtimes.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "language": "und",
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-05-22",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Irish Times report of 22 May 2026: 'JCDecaux owns the 1,600 bikes and their stands at 115 hire stations across the city. The company's agreement with the council expires in September 2027.' The council plans its own scheme in which 'it will own the stations and possibly also the bikes', with one operator, classic and e-bikes and 'a fleet or around 4,000 bikes'. Describes the scheme as loss-making and not expanded in eight years; records the sponsors (Just Eat 2017, Now TV 2020 at €2.25 million over three years, RedClick from late 2024) and notes that Bleeper and Moby run separate stationless schemes of about 900 bikes under council licence. A correction notes an earlier version wrongly said the scheme would end this year.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "contentHash": null,
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-d8ca5d5abb4d84b4",
      "title": "The Journal, on the scheme's end and the council's plan (media)",
      "url": "https://www.thejournal.ie/dublin-bikes-scheme-to-come-to-an-end-next-year-with-plans-for-council-to-launch-new-service-7048633-May2026/",
      "publisher": {
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       "clm-97136656f350c053",
       "clm-e0cb88398b7936dd",
       "clm-6cfe71e595cc9171"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-05-22",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The Journal, 22 May 2026: JCDecaux operates the scheme on the council's behalf 'in return for public space to erect its billboards and brightly lit digital displays'; around 1,600 bikes at 115 stations 'within the canals'; the contract finishes in September 2027; a council report 'will note that it doesn't own the bikes or the station equipment'; the council will run a procurement for a new city-wide scheme with an 'operational, maintenance and upgrade contractor'.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-d7a05b71aacb1598",
      "title": "Dublin Inquirer, on the billboards tied to the scheme (media)",
      "url": "https://www.dublininquirer.com/with-new-city-bikeshare-scheme-on-the-horizon-attention-turns-to-the-future-of-the-associated-big-billboards/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dublininquirer.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-09-18",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Dublin Inquirer, 18 September 2026: the 'bikes for billboards' contract gives JCDecaux 82 advertising billboards; under the first contract (2006) for 40 stations and 450 bikes JCDecaux got advertising space in exchange for running the scheme; later expansions were funded by National Transport Authority grants, sponsorship and council maintenance fees (a council report mentions €2.5 million a year), and the council takes about €350,000 a year of digital advertising income. A council report showed the northside with 59 per cent of the advertising units and 35 per cent of the bike stations. The council says the contract expires on 30 September 2027 and all advertising units under it must then be removed.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-02bd3488d6cb6526",
      "title": "Dublin Inquirer, on competing visions for the next contract (media)",
      "url": "https://www.dublininquirer.com/competing-visions-for-dublins-bikeshare-emerge-ahead-of-new-contract/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dublininquirer.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "clm-2ddfe5ca1644aa33"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-09-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Dublin Inquirer, 1 September 2026: citing a May council report, 1,600 bikes at 115 dedicated stations; the scheme has stayed largely inside the canals despite repeated requests to expand, which 'would require changes to the council's contract with JC Decaux, council managers said'; the next contract goes to tender next year, with JCDecaux, Lyft, Lime and Bleeper interested; the council licenses the stationless operators Bleeper (from 2018) and Moby (from 2020) separately.",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-67709ba10a941f4e",
      "title": "IrishCycle.com, on usage after the pandemic (media)",
      "url": "https://irishcycle.com/2023/02/22/dublinbikes-usage-only-started-recovering-last-year-after-being-hard-hit-by-pandemic/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "irishcycle.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2023-02-22",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-09-25",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "IrishCycle.com, 22 February 2023, on data released by Dublin City Council: '2,001,810 trips by users in 2022 compared to 3,816,652 in 2019'; yearly subscribers fell about 6% between November 2021 and November 2022 while short-term subscribers rose 270%; the upgraded app allows unlocking bikes by phone; the council puts the annual operating cost at around €2.5 million, offset by sponsorship, advertising, subscriptions and fees.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-4db0e35553d9a08c",
      "title": "The Irish Times, dublinbikes ten years on (media)",
      "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/dublinbikes-scheme-10-years-on-it-has-sort-of-reached-a-plateau-1.4001266",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
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}
