{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "dubai-shams-solar",
  "title": "Shams Dubai Rooftop Solar",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dubai-shams-solar/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T09:06:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 3 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:cfde03ca25b9f5335d8f6072d861e0228232b4128fcfd0c1e6a5c85e43773e91",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-26",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:1f7bd4a37035d9dad972764631bcb56671efeac8d850641c7923416e113c5249",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "private",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-126df2a609e4043f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "DEWA's Shams Dubai net-metering scheme",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-613cbab74c33f93c",
       "src-46b821219831cd9f"
      ],
      "supportNote": "DEWA's own programme page presents Shams Dubai as its initiative: \"Welcome to this page about DEWA's first smart initiative to connect solar energy to buildings, a part of the Distributed Renewable Resources Generation programme.\" The same page says the launch \"implements council resolution number 46 of 2014 ... to regulate the connection of solar energy to Dubai's power grid.\" The net-metering label comes from the supplier guide, which states that the \"Shams Dubai solar program is based on the principle of 'net metering'\" and that DEWA \"launched the Shams Dubai Net Metering program in early 2015.\"",
      "caveat": "DEWA's own page never uses the term net metering. It describes Shams Dubai as connecting solar energy to buildings under its Distributed Renewable Resources Generation programme; the net-metering wording comes from a solar equipment supplier's explainer.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9b8a3d894d735f3f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "lets homes and businesses install rooftop solar",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-613cbab74c33f93c",
       "src-41060fd3563a7c8b"
      ],
      "supportNote": "DEWA writes: \"The initiative encourages household and building owners to install PV panels to generate electricity, and connect them to DEWA's grid.\" The trade-press report describes the same scope, saying the initiative \"enables homeowners and commercial property owners to install solar PV systems and feed excess power into DEWA's grid.\"",
      "caveat": "DEWA's page speaks of PV panels on buildings without naming rooftops; the rooftop framing comes from the trade-press report, which calls Shams Dubai DEWA's \"flagship rooftop solar program.\"",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a80f11488eed5446",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "feed surplus power back to the grid",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-613cbab74c33f93c",
       "src-41060fd3563a7c8b"
      ],
      "supportNote": "DEWA states: \"The electricity is used on site and the surplus is exported to DEWA's network.\" The trade-press report says owners \"feed excess power into DEWA's grid.\"",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9b00bc94454e59cc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "at retail rates",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-46b821219831cd9f"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The supplier guide states: \"Any surplus electricity that cannot be used immediately will be credited by DEWA at the retail rate, further reducing the electricity bill in the next month,\" and elsewhere that surplus \"is sold back to the grid at the same price, and at the end of the month, only the net amount is billed to you.\" The same passage describes the benefit as kilowatt-hours that DEWA \"allows rolling over ... to the next month.\"",
      "caveat": "This pricing detail comes from a solar equipment supplier, not from DEWA, whose own page says only that surplus is exported to its network and does not describe how it is valued. The supplier also describes the benefit as a credit that offsets later bills rather than a payment, and its account dates from 2022.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c23be0c31f40bd16",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "this distributed program had grown to over 725 MW",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-41060fd3563a7c8b"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The report states that Shams Dubai \"has connected more than 725 megawatts (MW) of photovoltaic (PV) capacity across 8,430 buildings to the emirate's power distribution grid.\" It is a running programme total announced by DEWA, not an annual addition, and the report attributes it to the rooftop programme alone, making no reference to the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park.",
      "caveat": "The source counts capacity connected to DEWA's distribution grid, which is not necessarily the same as capacity installed. The figure is DEWA's own announcement relayed by trade press: DEWA's Shams Dubai page publishes no numbers, and none of the sources offers an independent check of the total.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-f1509d43a6bbc8c6",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "across 8,430 buildings",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-41060fd3563a7c8b"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The same sentence of the report gives the building count: the capacity is connected \"across 8,430 buildings.\"",
      "caveat": "The count is DEWA's own figure relayed by trade press; DEWA's Shams Dubai page publishes no numbers of its own. It counts buildings connected to the grid, a different unit from the number of installed systems that earlier accounts of the programme used.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6bf2c6559646f275",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "by mid-2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-41060fd3563a7c8b"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The article carrying the totals is dated 25 June 2025 and presents them in the present tense as DEWA's \"latest update,\" which places the figures at the middle of 2025.",
      "caveat": "The date rests on when the report was published. Neither the report nor DEWA states a cut-off date for the totals, so the underlying count may have been compiled somewhat earlier.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d0b43c4c30d28e81",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "supporting Dubai's push for solar panels on every rooftop by 2030",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-46b821219831cd9f"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The supplier guide states: \"In 2015, HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai has called for solar panels to be installed on every roof in Dubai by 2030, as part of the Emirates vision to produce 75% of its energy from clean sources by 2050,\" and names Shams Dubai as the programme launched to help reach it.",
      "caveat": "The 2030 rooftop target is a 2015 statement by Dubai's ruler as relayed by a solar equipment supplier, and it is a stated ambition rather than a binding requirement. Neither DEWA's own page nor the 2025 report mentions it; the 2025 report instead ties Shams Dubai to the Dubai Clean Energy Strategy 2050 and the Dubai Net Zero Carbon Emissions Strategy 2050.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-613cbab74c33f93c",
      "title": "DEWA — Shams Dubai (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/consumer/solar-community/shams-dubai",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dewa.gov.ae",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-126df2a609e4043f",
       "clm-9b8a3d894d735f3f",
       "clm-a80f11488eed5446"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": "2024-09-18",
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator/utility page describing the distributed rooftop program, authorized by Executive Council Resolution No. 46 of 2014.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-41060fd3563a7c8b",
      "title": "SolarQuarter/MESIA (trade press, June 2025)",
      "url": "https://solarquarter.com/2025/06/25/shams-dubai-rooftop-solar-initiative-connects-over-725-mw-to-grid-across-8430-buildings/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "solarquarter.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9b8a3d894d735f3f",
       "clm-a80f11488eed5446",
       "clm-c23be0c31f40bd16",
       "clm-f1509d43a6bbc8c6",
       "clm-6bf2c6559646f275"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-06-25",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Reports DEWA's own figures: 725+ MW across 8,430 buildings, 1,700+ connection requests in 2024 (+30% YoY).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-46b821219831cd9f",
      "title": "Powernsun (press)",
      "url": "https://powernsun.com/how-shams-dubai-net-metering-program-works/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "powernsun.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-126df2a609e4043f",
       "clm-9b00bc94454e59cc",
       "clm-d0b43c4c30d28e81"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2022-05-09",
       "updatedAt": "2026-02-11",
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Explains the net-metering billing mechanism and confirms early-2015 launch.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 8,
     "claimsMapped": 8,
     "sourcesTotal": 3,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}