{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "dubai-dewa-smart-grid",
  "title": "DEWA Smart Grid: Advanced Metering & Self-Healing Restoration",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dubai-dewa-smart-grid/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T02:33:50Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-27",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 6 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:7961f20ee8a8867d3d6a4c08ab654faee51744c68c388fb415f455615a268739",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-27",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:321ed2efa3efff363b39ba63513387a35c5712f8e00a7a2637b9bd82ea6cc0d4",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "utility",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-5fe55ebfcf8a6db0",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "DEWA replaced Dubai's electricity and water meters with over two million smart meters (2015-2020)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-3bfca7f7ada3a551",
       "src-e7cc0e7badb5bfa2"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Two DEWA releases: the 2021 one announcing more than two million smart electricity and water meters installed, the 2024 one describing the 2015-2020 replacement programme and full automated reading.",
      "caveat": "dewa.gov.ae returns HTTP 403 to every automated client, so no locator string could be recorded; the dates come from the publisher's own permalinks.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-50cf23e2fa150f74",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "reaching full smart-water-meter coverage by mid-2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b0fbb36260fe5bbc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The media office release of 23 July 2024 states that DEWA “has achieved 100% installation of smart water meters in Dubai” and that “by the start of June 2024, DEWA had installed over one million smart meters”.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9171635656511098",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Its Automatic Smart Grid Restoration System, launched June 2022 as the region's first, isolates faults and reroutes power within milliseconds",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0ad458797da241b8",
       "src-5b301ea1f82e5fba"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The June 2022 DEWA release announcing the system, and the 2026 Khaleej Times piece in which the DEWA chief executive calls it “first of its kind in the region” and describes systems that “automatically locate and isolate faults and restore service”.",
      "caveat": "The regional-first framing is DEWA's own; the newspaper quotes it rather than testing it.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-193c0d7093cc7a02",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "helping cut customer minutes lost to a record 0.82 minutes per year by 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5b301ea1f82e5fba"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Khaleej Times, 28 April 2026: DEWA “announced it has set a new world record for the lowest electricity customer minutes lost at just 49 seconds (0.82 minutes) per year”, and ties the smart grid programme to it.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-44015c90f1073662",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "DEWA reports water losses falling from 7.06% at the beginning of 2018 to 4.6% at the end of 2023",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b0fbb36260fe5bbc",
       "src-a00877d1fbb336cf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "“DEWA’s investment in the latest systems and innovative solutions in the water sector has contributed to reducing water losses from 7.06% at the beginning of 2018 to 4.6% at the end of 2023.”",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-03771ca9ec7654fe",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "saving 12.5 billion gallons of water, equivalent to AED 451.3 million",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-b0fbb36260fe5bbc",
       "src-a00877d1fbb336cf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "“This resulted in saving 12.5 billion gallons of water, equivalent to AED 451.3 million.”",
      "caveat": "An operator's own valuation of water it says it did not lose; no outside body checks the arithmetic.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0fdab0dfc232c7e5",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Customer Minutes Lost falling from 6.88 minutes a year in 2012 to 0.82 minutes (49 seconds) in 2025, announced in April 2026 as a world record beating the 0.94 minutes DEWA recorded in 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5b301ea1f82e5fba"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The paper carries all three figures: “bringing CML down from 6.88 minutes per year in 2012 to 0.82 minutes in 2025” and “Dewa previously set the world record at 0.94 minutes in 2024”.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3928e5b6d25bc5b5",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "supplies the European average of roughly 15 minutes that the result is measured against",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-5b301ea1f82e5fba"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The comparison in the article is DEWA's: the record is “significantly lower than the average of approximately 15 minutes recorded by leading utility companies in Europe”, with no European regulator or benchmarking scheme named.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-a00877d1fbb336cf",
      "title": "DEWA (operator) — Over a Million Smart Water Meters in Dubai with 100% Installation (Jul 2024)",
      "url": "https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/latest-news/2024/07/over-a-million-smart-water-meters-in-dubai-with-100",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dewa.gov.ae",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-44015c90f1073662",
       "clm-03771ca9ec7654fe"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "100% smart water meter completion, water-loss reduction 7.06%->4.6%, 12.5bn gallons / AED 451.3m saved. dewa.gov.ae answers every automated client with HTTP 403; the same release is readable in full on the Dubai government media office mirror listed below, and the date comes from the publisher permalink.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-3bfca7f7ada3a551",
      "title": "DEWA (operator) — DEWA Installs Over 2 Million Smart Meters (Jul 2021)",
      "url": "https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/latest-news/2021/07/dewa-installs-over-2-million",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dewa.gov.ae",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-5fe55ebfcf8a6db0"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Combined electricity+water smart meter count and 15-minute remote-read monitoring centre.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-0ad458797da241b8",
      "title": "DEWA (operator) — DEWA Launches Automatic Smart Grid Restoration System (Jun 2022)",
      "url": "https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/latest-news/2022/06/dewa-launches",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dewa.gov.ae",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9171635656511098"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "ASGR launch date, MENA-first claim, FLISR fault-isolation/restoration mechanism.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-e7cc0e7badb5bfa2",
      "title": "DEWA (operator) — DEWA Enhances Dubai's Smart Transformation Journey (Jul 2024)",
      "url": "https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/latest-news/2024/07/dewa-enhances-dubais-smart-transformation-journey-with-innovative-projects",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dewa.gov.ae",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-5fe55ebfcf8a6db0"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Confirms 2015-2020 full meter replacement window and 100% automated-reading coverage.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-5b301ea1f82e5fba",
      "title": "Khaleej Times (independent press) — 49 seconds: Dubai breaks own world record (Apr 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/49-seconds-dubai-breaks-own-world-record-of-least-time-without-electricity",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "khaleejtimes.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-9171635656511098",
       "clm-193c0d7093cc7a02",
       "clm-0fdab0dfc232c7e5",
       "clm-3928e5b6d25bc5b5"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-04-28",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Current Customer Minutes Lost record (0.82 min / 49 sec), 2012 baseline (6.88 min), the previous DEWA record of 0.94 minutes in 2024, Dh7bn Smart Grid investment, and the comparison DEWA offers: \"significantly lower than the average of approximately 15 minutes recorded by leading utility companies in Europe\". Every figure in the piece is attributed to DEWA; the paper names no regulator or benchmarking body.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-b0fbb36260fe5bbc",
      "title": "Government of Dubai Media Office — Over a million smart water meters in Dubai with 100% installation rate (23 Jul 2024)",
      "url": "https://www.mediaoffice.ae/en/news/2024/july/23-07/dewa-water-meters-in-dubai",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "mediaoffice.ae",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-50cf23e2fa150f74",
       "clm-44015c90f1073662",
       "clm-03771ca9ec7654fe"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-07-23",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Readable mirror of the DEWA release, published by the Government of Dubai Media Office. Carries the sentences the operator site will not serve to an automated client: \"DEWA has achieved 100% installation of smart water meters in Dubai\"; \"By the start of June 2024, DEWA had installed over one million smart meters\"; and the loss figures, which DEWA attributes to \"investment in the latest systems and innovative solutions in the water sector\" rather than to the meters alone.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 8,
     "claimsMapped": 8,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 6,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}