{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "dresden-mobipunkte", "title": "MOBIpunkte: Dresden's Mobility Hubs", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dresden-mobipunkte/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-06-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-11-06-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-11-06T06:45:56Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-11-06", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 13 claims and 8 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:4fa4e1020707a95cc68998a0fc795aaa87fbf19599fe77203b1edeea65c59c95", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-11-06", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:1d4aaec8e27b177d3034831b2f1a041e9279339ea2a80733f44dbb4e5903cfd8", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2018, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB) under the MOBI brand, with the City of Dresden; carsharing by teilAuto, charging by SachsenEnergie, bikes by nextbike", "actorTypes": [ "city-government", "utility", "private" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "Built by the City of Dresden with the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB) and SachsenEnergie; construction funded in part by the federal National Climate Protection Initiative and environment ministry, the EU lighthouse project MAtchUP and the federal research programme Daten Tanken. The 2016 concept required operation to be cost-neutral for the city.", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-d11b7ae181a36acb", "field": "snippet", "text": "placed close to a tram or bus stop so that riders can switch to a MOBIbike, a MOBIcar from the carsharing partner teilAuto, or a charging point", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-96341a93d746f22f" ], "supportNote": "The operator says MOBIpunkte are always close to a tram or bus stop and lists bike-share, MOBIcar carsharing with its partner teilAuto, and charging as the offers there.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-607a8f585694b93d", "field": "snippet", "text": "The city council decided on 23 March 2017 to build them", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-da011fd9eb59a311" ], "supportNote": "The city names the council resolution of 23 March 2017 (V1416/16) as the basis for the MOBIpunkte.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-63c2a83455f4d67a", "field": "snippet", "text": "the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe opened the first at Pirnaischer Platz on 21 September 2018", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-96341a93d746f22f" ], "supportNote": "The DVB says it opened the first mobility point on 21 September 2018 at Pirnaischer Platz, during European Mobility Week.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2356847b1bb06704", "field": "snippet", "text": "the stated aim is affordable mobility from one source without having to own a car", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-da011fd9eb59a311" ], "supportNote": "The city describes the aim as affordable and reliable mobility from one source, without having to own a car — Dresden's approach to mobility as a service.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c5d7beac5d6da4b0", "field": "snippet", "text": "The DVB's MOBIapp shows public transport and bike-share in one app and books teilAuto cars", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-39030ea7f33e151f" ], "supportNote": "The app's version history lists public transport, MOBIbike, e-parking and taxi in one app, and a later update that links to teilAuto so riders can find and book MOBIcar stations and cars on the map.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c32b5ea7e4bb91ba", "field": "snippet", "text": "The operator now lists 68 MOBIpunkte", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d0a1037c40ae333d" ], "supportNote": "The DVB's MOBI site says riders can switch between tram, bus, MOBIbike and MOBIcar at 68 MOBIpunkte.", "caveat": "The DVB's own company page says more than 60; neither page carries a date.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-927a3e8e90be80a7", "field": "snippet", "text": "a 2022 count put 54 in place against 76 planned by 2023", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e14485fa2addc679" ], "supportNote": "The thesis's table of hub numbers lists 54 MOBIpunkte built as of May 2022 and 76 planned by 2023.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c63ee6c8ab260d3b", "field": "lesson", "text": "the city's December 2023 progress report gives both 71 and 63", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-3380c67b97936f61" ], "supportNote": "Under measure M5 the report says 71 MOBIpunkte are currently in operation; under measure M13 the same report says there were 63 MOBIpunkte at the end of 2023.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5e0fc2251742e411", "field": "snippet", "text": "In the city's 2024 survey, 16% of residents had used MOBI and 64% had heard of it without using it", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-0f4c46005aad2aa4" ], "supportNote": "A chart sourced to the city's residents' survey shows, for 2024, 16% who had used MOBI, 64% who had heard of it but never used it and 20% who did not know it. The figures sit in a chart graphic, so there is no text passage to mark.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-11e65a2e7a40e02d", "field": "lesson", "text": "the city was to keep access to the user data for continuous monitoring", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-9e43733af4131a92" ], "supportNote": "The concept attached to the council proposal states that the city must be able to access user data for continuous monitoring.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5da5c67025a70427", "field": "lesson", "text": "running the hubs was to cost it nothing", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-9e43733af4131a92" ], "supportNote": "The concept states that operating the mobility points should be cost-neutral for the city, with running costs covered by an operator who refinances them through licences.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-876506dc1258c50b", "field": "lesson", "text": "Dresden judged its MOBIpunkte by user numbers", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e14485fa2addc679" ], "supportNote": "Based on its interviews, the thesis reports that the hubs' effects were assessed from user numbers; its table gives user numbers of the hubs as Dresden's basis of assessment.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-913d208a77c97f9d", "field": "lesson", "text": "an analysis of their effect on the modal split was still at the concept stage", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e14485fa2addc679" ], "supportNote": "For Dresden the thesis lists an analysis of changes in the modal split due to the MOBIpunkte, and of their municipal benefit, as planned and currently at the concept stage.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-da011fd9eb59a311", "title": "Landeshauptstadt Dresden — Multimobil & Sharing (city mobility page)", "url": "https://www.dresden.de/de/stadtraum/verkehr/sharing.php", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dresden.de", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-607a8f585694b93d", "clm-2356847b1bb06704" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The city's standing page on multimodal travel and sharing. It describes MOBIpunkte as places that make switching between modes easier, names the council resolution of 23 March 2017 (V1416/16) as their basis, says they are built with the DVB and SachsenEnergie, and states the aim of affordable, reliable mobility from one source without having to own a car.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-9e43733af4131a92", "title": "Landeshauptstadt Dresden — Vorlage V1416/16: Einrichtung intermodaler Mobilitätspunkte in Dresden (29 Nov 2016)", "url": "https://dresden.de/media/pdf/verkehr/V1416_16_V1416_16-4.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dresden.de", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-11e65a2e7a40e02d", "clm-5da5c67025a70427" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2016-11-29", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The mayor's proposal to the city council to build intermodal mobility points citywide, with the functional and location concept attached. It requires that operation be cost-neutral for the city and that the city keep access to user data for continuous monitoring.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-96341a93d746f22f", "title": "Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB) — MOBI: Fahr doch, was du willst!", "url": "https://www.dvb.de/de-de/die-dvb/mobi", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dvb.de", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-d11b7ae181a36acb", "clm-63c2a83455f4d67a" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The transit operator's page on its MOBI offer. It says the first mobility point opened on 21 September 2018 at Pirnaischer Platz, that there are now more than 60 MOBIpunkte, that nearly every MOBIpunkt is also a SachsenEnergie charging station, and that MOBIcar runs with the partner teilAuto.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d0a1037c40ae333d", "title": "MOBI Dresden (DVB) — MOBI homepage", "url": "https://www.mobi-dresden.de/de-de/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "mobi-dresden.de", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-c32b5ea7e4bb91ba" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The DVB's MOBI site. It says riders can switch between tram, bus, MOBIbike and MOBIcar at 68 MOBIpunkte.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-3380c67b97936f61", "title": "Landeshauptstadt Dresden — Erfüllungsstand Luftreinhalteplan 2017, Stand Dezember 2023", "url": "https://dresden.de/media/pdf/umwelt/Luftreinhalteplan_2017_Massnahmenumsetzung_Stand_2023-12.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dresden.de", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-c63ee6c8ab260d3b" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The city's progress report on the measures of its 2017 air quality plan. Under measure M5 it reports 71 MOBIpunkte in operation and 169 carsharing spaces at MOBIpunkte; under measure M13 the same report says there were 63 MOBIpunkte at the end of 2023.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-e14485fa2addc679", "title": "Adamek, Kristallisationspunkte der zukünftigen Mobilität? Mobilitätsstationen in ausgewählten deutschen Großstädten (Master's thesis, University of Bonn, July 2022)", "url": "https://elib.dlr.de/206545/1/Adamek_2022_MA_Mobilit%C3%A4tsstationen.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "elib.dlr.de", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-927a3e8e90be80a7", "clm-876506dc1258c50b", "clm-913d208a77c97f9d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "A master's thesis comparing mobility hubs in Berlin, Hamburg, Dresden, Nuremberg and Düsseldorf, based on interviews with the people responsible. For Dresden it counts 54 MOBIpunkte built in May 2022 against 76 planned by 2023, reports that effects were assessed from user numbers, and lists an analysis of the hubs' effect on the modal split as at the concept stage.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-0f4c46005aad2aa4", "title": "Landeshauptstadt Dresden, DVB and VVO — Mobilität in Dresden und Umgebung: Ergebnisse aus der Verkehrserhebung SrV 2023 (brochure, March 2026)", "url": "https://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/verkehr/SrV2023_Broschuere_final_Internet.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dresden.de", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-5e0fc2251742e411" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Joint brochure of the city, the DVB and the transport association VVO on the 2023 household travel survey carried out by TU Dresden. A chart sourced to the city's residents' survey shows that in 2024 16% of residents had used MOBI, 64% had heard of it but never used it and 20% did not know it.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-39030ea7f33e151f", "title": "Apple App Store — MOBIapp DVB (Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe AG)", "url": "https://apps.apple.com/de/app/mobiapp-dvb/id1620350768", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "apps.apple.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-c5d7beac5d6da4b0" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-06", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-06", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Store listing of the DVB's MOBIapp. Its version history lists public transport, MOBIbike, e-parking and taxi in one app, and a later update adding MOBIcar: linking to teilAuto and finding and booking stations and available cars on the map.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 13, "claimsMapped": 13, "sourcesTotal": 8, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 8, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }