{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "doha-kahramaa-smart-meters", "title": "Kahramaa Smart Meters: Every Electricity Meter in Qatar Replaced", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/doha-kahramaa-smart-meters/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-10-04-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-10-04-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-10-04T08:03:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-10-04", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 11 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:8b80f89f67f5fe9e78ea6f7f36443e8b141714fb30f5a296995d3d2021335212", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-10-04", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:9165dd997b652cf09e2e6df9e42c3b75fe48cc7d6a32220854d6e0fa5ab99a20", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2020, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (Kahramaa); platform Siemens, connectivity Vodafone Qatar and Ooredoo", "actorTypes": [ "utility", "private" ], "fundingModel": "utility", "fundingDescription": "State utility budget (Kahramaa)", "cost": "QR30mn AMI platform (Siemens, 2020); QR 75,548,400 over ten years for the water-meter network (Ooredoo, 2023); total programme cost not public", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-179a3c6a8c8e344c", "field": "snippet", "text": "the state utility that supplies electricity and water to every consumer in Qatar", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-91bd206d5715cabf" ], "supportNote": "The report describes the project as replacing conventional meters 'for every consumer in Qatar'; Doha lies within that national service area.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bc3047b873d7df32", "field": "snippet", "text": "began building its advanced metering infrastructure in 2020: a QR30mn smart platform from Siemens, with Vodafone IoT SIMs carrying the readings", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a2bac3eb4fdd678f", "src-aa7c12b69e9e2d6d" ], "supportNote": "Gulf Times reports in April 2020 that Kahramaa started implementing the AMI project with Siemens as a QR30mn project, and in November 2020 that the meters would carry Vodafone IoT SIMs transmitting readings.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-39457a3274d73fec", "field": "snippet", "text": "The utility itself dates the project's launch to 2021.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6c74664341463bc6", "src-91bd206d5715cabf" ], "supportNote": "Two Kahramaa officials, in 2023 and 2025, both say the smart meter project was launched in 2021.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d2a634399ba9691d", "field": "snippet", "text": "The target grew from 600,000 meters to replacing every conventional meter in the country", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-aa7c12b69e9e2d6d", "src-91bd206d5715cabf" ], "supportNote": "The 2020 Vodafone agreement covered 600,000 smart meters; by 2025 the project aimed at replacing all conventional meters for every consumer in Qatar.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5f593d1463c0ded1", "field": "snippet", "text": "by July 2025 all electricity meters and half of the water meters had been replaced, with full water coverage planned for the end of 2027", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-91bd206d5715cabf" ], "supportNote": "A Kahramaa engineer says 100% of electricity meters have been replaced and 50% of water meter installations completed; water meters are targeted for the end of 2027.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-40499eec1f8c98b7", "field": "snippet", "text": "Readings flow automatically into billing, customers follow consumption in real time and can prepay, supply is restored remotely after payment, and control centres use the data to detect violations", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a2bac3eb4fdd678f", "src-6c74664341463bc6", "src-91bd206d5715cabf" ], "supportNote": "Gulf Times 2020 describes automatic transfer of readings for invoices and prepayment; Kahramaa officials describe remote restoration about five minutes after payment (2023), real-time consumption tracking and detection of violations by control centres (2025).", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a89a2c18ca373851", "field": "snippet", "text": "Kahramaa presents it as support for Tarsheed, its national conservation programme", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1692f7425b72eb6c" ], "supportNote": "Kahramaa says the meters let customers monitor consumption, 'which support the objectives of the National Programme for Conservation and Energy Efficiency (Tarsheed)'.", "caveat": "Tarsheed's awareness campaigns are a separate programme; no source quantifies a saving from the meters.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d58c491f9542d041", "field": "impact", "text": "over 300,000 meters by March 2023", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6c74664341463bc6" ], "supportNote": "A Kahramaa official says over 300,000 of 600,000 targeted smart meters had been installed.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1e882fefaa5f1848", "field": "impact", "text": "more than 988,000 by mid-2025 (over 528,000 electricity and 460,000 water)", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-5856f1d0bbe38bc8" ], "supportNote": "The magazine relays Kahramaa's social-media figures: more than 988,000 meters, including over 528,000 electricity and 460,000 water meters.", "caveat": "Kahramaa's own review of 2025 counts almost 298,000 residential water meters brought into the AMI system that year; the two counts are not reconciled in the sources.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0a8250e380d15b91", "field": "impact", "text": "a billing and meter-reading accuracy it put at 97 percent", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6c74664341463bc6" ], "supportNote": "A Kahramaa official says the meters take 'the accuracy rate of billing and meter reading to 97 percent'.", "caveat": "An operator statement; the measurement behind it is not described.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5a5b0742bcf914a8", "field": "impact", "text": "A ten-year contract with Ooredoo worth QR 75,548,400 added a separate network for the water meters, meant to feed billing and loss data.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-113960740b86e997" ], "supportNote": "The contract deploys a communications network for smart water meters, worth QR 75,548,400 over ten years, providing data on billing, network enhancement and loss collection.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a36f247052a67e16", "field": "impact", "text": "when Kahramaa reported real losses below 18 percent in 2023, it credited smart-ball and helium leak detection on the pipes", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-88d70c7342e892ea" ], "supportNote": "The head of the Water Control Center credits 'smart ball and helium gas for detecting underground invisible leakages' for real losses below 18 percent; the report does not mention meters.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c3e3d10db9fb5819", "field": "impact", "text": "No figure in these reports ties the meters to lower consumption or to water loss", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1692f7425b72eb6c", "src-88d70c7342e892ea", "src-91bd206d5715cabf", "src-50f9c0f22ec882b2" ], "supportNote": "None of the listed Kahramaa statements gives a consumption or water-loss figure attributed to the meters; their reported benefits are billing, tracking and service speed.", "caveat": "An absence across the sources listed here, not a proof that no such figure exists.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9acfbb1404980660", "field": "impact", "text": "Some bills rose when estimates gave way to actual readings", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2fe0800fc7a3c66b" ], "supportNote": "Kahramaa says the relative increase in some bills may be due to accurate actual readings replacing approximate estimates, not to a tariff change.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fd9f30b2ed9a175f", "field": "impact", "text": "in June 2026 Shura Council members still pressed for greater billing and meter-reading accuracy", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c34147b1cce5e71f" ], "supportNote": "At the session where the Kahramaa president reviewed the smart-meter rollout, members 'pressed for greater billing and meter-reading accuracy'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6e4c376a05a5b9dd", "field": "lesson", "text": "What Kahramaa reports from its meters is administrative — exact bills, remote reconnection, accounts opened and transferred online", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6c74664341463bc6", "src-91bd206d5715cabf" ], "supportNote": "Kahramaa's officials name billing accuracy, remote restoration after payment and fully online account initiation and transfer as the benefits.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-98e745fe68af9329", "field": "lesson", "text": "while the network gain it claims for water came from separate leak-hunting tools", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-88d70c7342e892ea" ], "supportNote": "The 2023 water-loss reduction is credited to smart ball and helium leak detection, not to the meters.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-a2bac3eb4fdd678f", "title": "Gulf Times, on the Siemens AMI project (12 April 2020) (media)", "url": "https://www.gulf-times.com/story/660637/smart-meter-project-makes-progress-says-kahramaa", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gulf-times.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-bc3047b873d7df32", "clm-40499eec1f8c98b7" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2020-04-12", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports that Kahramaa 'has started implementing the Advanced Metering Infrastructure project in co-operation with German company Siemens': a smart platform for electricity and water meters with remote monitoring and reading, a QR30mn project of nine months, a first phase of 50,000 to 60,000 meters, automatic billing, prepayment, identification of violations, integration with the Oracle customer and billing system, and support for the goals of the Tarsheed conservation programme.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-aa7c12b69e9e2d6d", "title": "Gulf Times, on the Kahramaa–Vodafone IoT agreement (2 November 2020) (media)", "url": "https://www.gulf-times.com/story/676895/Kahramaa-and-Vodafone-launch-IoT-mart-meters", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gulf-times.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-bc3047b873d7df32", "clm-d2a634399ba9691d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2020-11-02", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Following a pilot, Kahramaa and Vodafone Qatar agreed that 600,000 smart meters in homes and companies across the country would carry Vodafone IoT SIMs transmitting readings to Kahramaa's systems; named benefits are the end of manual readings, timelier bills and remote connection or disconnection.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2fe0800fc7a3c66b", "title": "Gulf Times, on bills and smart meters (22 November 2021) (media)", "url": "https://www.gulf-times.com/story/704971/high-charges-not-due-to-smart-meters-kahramaa-clarifies", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gulf-times.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9acfbb1404980660" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2021-11-22", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Kahramaa states the tariff has not changed and that a relative increase in some bills 'may be due to recording accurate actual readings of consumption and the absence of the need to rely on approximate estimates'; restates the 600,000-meter plan with Vodafone and Siemens.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-1692f7425b72eb6c", "title": "The Peninsula, on 280,000 smart meters (3 January 2023) (media)", "url": "https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/03/01/2023/kahramaa-installs-280000-smart-meters-with-iot", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thepeninsulaqatar.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a89a2c18ca373851", "clm-c3e3d10db9fb5819" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-01-03", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Kahramaa reports 280,000 smart electricity and water meters installed against a target of 600,000, and says the meters support the objectives of the National Programme for Conservation and Energy Efficiency (Tarsheed).", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-6c74664341463bc6", "title": "The Peninsula, on the 600,000-meter target (11 March 2023) (media)", "url": "https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/11/03/2023/kahramaa-to-install-600000-smart-meters-by-year-end", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thepeninsulaqatar.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-39457a3274d73fec", "clm-40499eec1f8c98b7", "clm-d58c491f9542d041", "clm-0a8250e380d15b91", "clm-6e4c376a05a5b9dd" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-03-11", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "A Kahramaa IT official says the project was launched in 2021, over 300,000 of a 600,000 target were installed, power is restored remotely about five minutes after payment, and billing and meter-reading accuracy reached 97 percent.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-113960740b86e997", "title": "Gulf Times, on the Kahramaa–Ooredoo water-meter network (2 October 2023) (media)", "url": "https://www.gulf-times.com/article/669369/qatar/kahramaa-ooredoo-to-establish-smart-water-network-infrastructure", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gulf-times.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-5a5b0742bcf914a8" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-10-02", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Kahramaa signs a QR 75,548,400, ten-year contract with Ooredoo to deploy a communications network for smart water meters, to supply data on billing, network enhancement and losses.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-88d70c7342e892ea", "title": "The Peninsula, on water losses in 2023 (31 December 2023) (media)", "url": "https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/31/12/2023/water-loss-in-supply-network-reduced-to-18-in-2023", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thepeninsulaqatar.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a36f247052a67e16", "clm-c3e3d10db9fb5819", "clm-98e745fe68af9329" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-12-31", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The head of Kahramaa's Water Control Center says real water losses fell below 18 percent in 2023, crediting technologies 'such as smart ball and helium gas for detecting underground invisible leakages'. Smart meters are not mentioned.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-5856f1d0bbe38bc8", "title": "Smart Water Magazine, on 988,000 meters (July 2025) (media)", "url": "https://smartwatermagazine.com/news/smart-water-magazine/kahramaa-installs-more-988000-smart-electricity-and-water-meters-across", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "smartwatermagazine.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1e882fefaa5f1848" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-07-07", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Relaying figures from Kahramaa's social media via Zawya: more than 988,000 smart meters by mid-2025, over 528,000 electricity and 460,000 water, full electricity deployment planned by end-2025 and water by end-2027.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-91bd206d5715cabf", "title": "The Peninsula, on completion of smart electricity meters (13 July 2025) (media)", "url": "https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/13/07/2025/kahramaa-completes-smart-electricity-meter-installation", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thepeninsulaqatar.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-179a3c6a8c8e344c", "clm-39457a3274d73fec", "clm-d2a634399ba9691d", "clm-5f593d1463c0ded1", "clm-40499eec1f8c98b7", "clm-c3e3d10db9fb5819", "clm-6e4c376a05a5b9dd" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-07-13", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-04", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-04", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "A Kahramaa smart-meter engineer says 100 percent of electricity meters have been replaced and 50 percent of water meters; 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