{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "dhaka-air-quality-monitoring", "title": "CAMS Air Monitoring and the Degraded Air Shed Rule", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dhaka-air-quality-monitoring/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-26-dhaka-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-26-dhaka-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-26T09:00:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-08-26", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 12 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:fd7221eb63918f37ba924a260f5af4597c2f77c6db4309b99eac601a1632ec73", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-08-26", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:eb87859609d0799dc934727390e70ef60e343ba91bb30d2ab87d5f28bcab5a89", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "independent", "timeline": { "started": 2002, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Department of Environment (DoE), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change", "actorTypes": [ "national-government" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "Stations installed under the government's World Bank-backed Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) project; the roadside expansion put to ECNEC in April 2025 is a Tk 68 crore JICA grant alongside government money", "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-f2d6860521300a34", "field": "snippet", "text": "The Department of Environment, a national agency, runs Dhaka's air monitoring", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a23d2066911db59e", "src-d8ee6428509ba8a8" ], "supportNote": "The Daily Star reports the department's own national footprint: 'Currently, the Department of Environment has 31 air quality monitoring stations, of which 16 function continuously. The department publishes real-time data based on readings from these stations.' The BSS report of the 1 July 2025 meeting places the department under a national ministry, naming Syeda Rizwana Hasan as 'Adviser to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change' presiding over a meeting at the Department of Environment in Agargaon. Neither Dhaka North nor Dhaka South City Corporation operates the monitoring.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-239df2d7d43a2d01", "field": "snippet", "text": "four of the country's sixteen continuous stations stand in the city", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-16c4ada012855864", "src-a23d2066911db59e" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim from the ICDDR,B and Bengal Institute report: 'the DoE installed 16 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAMS) in eleven cities: Dhaka has 4 stations, Chattagram has 2, and Gazipur, Narayangaj, Narsingdi, Khulna, Barishal, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Rangpur, Cumilla, and Mymensingh, each has one.' The Daily Star's April 2025 report gives the same continuous total from the other side: 31 stations of which 16 function continuously.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a98bba1e15fdcf7f", "field": "snippet", "text": "their readings become the daily Air Quality Index the department publishes", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-16c4ada012855864", "src-a23d2066911db59e", "src-fb3e97d7b8f9ef29" ], "supportNote": "The ICDDR,B and Bengal Institute report: the CAMS record PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO 'based on which daily Air Quality Index (AQI) data is provided'. The Daily Star adds that 'The department publishes real-time data based on readings from these stations.' The department's live feed, republished by the World Air Quality Index project, was carrying readings from four Dhaka locations when checked on 27 August 2026.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1ce3f93808257941", "field": "snippet", "text": "Bangladesh's first continuous station opened at Sangsad Bhaban in April 2002", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8844e38b7f4676fd" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim from the peer-reviewed paper: the DoE 'has set up the first ever in the country, the continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station (CAMS) at the Sangsad Bhaban premises located at the heart of capital Dhaka city, since April 2002'.", "caveat": "The paper dates the station's start, not its present state. This entry does not claim that the Sangsad Bhaban station is still among the four now reporting; the department's live feed labels its Dhaka locations differently.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-31f95ca3a305d88f", "field": "snippet", "text": "The Air Pollution (Control) Rules 2022 give the department's director general one lever, declaring a 'degraded air shed'", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1", "src-a9e3714eb4a42bc9" ], "supportNote": "The Business Standard: 'The designation of a \"degraded air shed\" is made under Rule 5 of the Air Pollution (Control) Rules, 2022.' BSS reports the instrument being exercised by the director general in person, through a signed circular.", "caveat": "'One lever' is this atlas's summary of what the rules attach to a measurement, not a phrase from the rules. The rules also provide penalties for emitters and an air quality improvement plan for a declared air shed; what they do not provide is an index threshold that acts by itself. The rules themselves are published in Bengali in a legacy font encoding that could not be machine-read for this review, so the legal reading rests on the two press accounts.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c8bca475aeca852f", "field": "snippet", "text": "he signed the first such declaration on 17 August 2025 for Savar upazila next door", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1" ], "supportNote": "BSS: 'Under Rule 5 of the Air Pollution (Control) Rules, 2022, the government has declared the entire Savar upazila under Dhaka district as a \"degraded air shed.\" The declaration was issued through a circular signed on August 17 by Dr Md. Kamruzzaman, Director General of the Department of Environment (DoE).' Global Voices, reporting the same declaration on 6 September 2025, calls it 'the first of its kind in Bangladesh'.", "caveat": "Savar is an upazila of Dhaka district, not part of Dhaka city: it lies outside both Dhaka North and Dhaka South City Corporation. The declaration is a national department acting next to the atlas city, not the city acting on itself.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-02a4eb80700c91d2", "field": "snippet", "text": "whose dry-season smoke the wind carries into the capital", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1" ], "supportNote": "BSS: 'During the dry season, for nearly five months, prevailing winds from the northwest and northeast carry pollution from Savar into Dhaka, further aggravating air quality and creating grave health hazards for the city's densely populated residents.' The government states this as its reason for the declaration.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-83c25faf3161d069", "field": "snippet", "text": "The country still has no school-closure guideline for an extreme pollution episode", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-879f571677eb96b1", "src-2d3473306d508d90" ], "supportNote": "The Daily Star editorial of 29 December 2025: 'But Bangladesh still lacks clear, systematic protocols, such as school protection measures or closure guidelines, during episodes of extreme pollution.' Corroborated from the government's side: the prime minister's twelve-point account of what is being done for Dhaka's air, given in parliament on 29 April 2026, lists mobile courts, tree planting, electric buses, kiln shutdowns and the Savar declaration, and nothing conditioned on a reading.", "caveat": "The editorial's statement is national in scope; this entry reads it as covering Dhaka, which is the city it is written about. It is an absence, established from two sources that would have had reason to mention such a protocol.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c23fd6c0314df0e3", "field": "impact", "text": "The first time a reading carried a legal consequence anywhere in Bangladesh was in Savar, in Dhaka district", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1", "src-a9e3714eb4a42bc9" ], "supportNote": "BSS names the area precisely - 'the entire Savar upazila under Dhaka district' - and states that the declaration rests on continuous-monitoring data. Global Voices, covering the same circular, records that 'This initiative is the first of its kind in Bangladesh.' The Business Standard confirms the same first use and the same CAMS basis.", "caveat": "'First of its kind' is sourced for the degraded air shed instrument. Bangladesh has taken other legal action on air before - brick kilns shut for operating without environmental clearance, for instance - but those follow from a missing licence, not from a measurement. The Global Voices article carrying the 'first of its kind' wording is not listed as a separate source because everything else it says is already covered by BSS and The Business Standard.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ca69bc4d48aed484", "field": "impact", "text": "the department's own stations put annual average pollutants at nearly three times the national standard", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1", "src-a9e3714eb4a42bc9" ], "supportNote": "BSS: 'Data from the DoE's continuous air monitoring stations show that the annual average concentration of ambient air pollutants in Savar is almost three times higher than the national standard, posing severe health risks to the population.' The Business Standard repeats the finding and lists the standards it is measured against (annual PM2.5 15 ug/m3, PM10 50 ug/m3, NOx 100 ug/m3, SO2 80 ug/m3).", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d000eb2149224f10", "field": "impact", "text": "from September 2025 every brick kiln except tunnel and hybrid Hoffman types was barred from firing, open burning of solid waste was banned, and clearances for new polluting industries were stopped", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1", "src-a9e3714eb4a42bc9" ], "supportNote": "BSS: 'from September 2025 onwards, all types of brick kilns in Savar - except Tunnel Kilns and Hybrid Hoffman Kilns - will be prohibited from operating, including brick burning and production activities. In addition, open burning of solid waste, issuance of location and environmental clearance for newly established industries with potential to cause air pollution, and other activities outlined in the action plan have also been banned.' The Business Standard reports the same three measures.", "caveat": "The number of kilns affected differs between accounts - The Daily Star writes 106, the departmental figure quoted by Global Voices is 107 - so this entry states the measure and not the count.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8ca6bd183e95c757", "field": "impact", "text": "By March 2026 a deputy director of the department said 30 to 40 kilns were running again on High Court permissions", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-27e110ff2dc7b767" ], "supportNote": "The Daily Star, 14 March 2026, quoting DoE deputy director Mohammad Abdul Motalib: 'Additionally, around 30 to 40 brick kilns reopened as owners obtained permission from the High Court and restarted their activities last month.' The reporter found a notice citing a High Court directive in Writ Petition No-15982/2025 posted at a kiln in Savar's Bhakurta area, and an operator who said the court granted six months of operation after a petition citing financial losses.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c91fba5df9917d78", "field": "impact", "text": "in June 2026 The Daily Star called enforcement lax", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-df923d4b2cde7ba5" ], "supportNote": "Editorial of 11 June 2026: 'Despite the government declaring Savar a degraded airshed in 2025 and restricting kiln activities, enforcement has been lax.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b4da51bb715331c9", "field": "impact", "text": "Bangladesh still has no roadside monitoring at all", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a23d2066911db59e" ], "supportNote": "The Daily Star, reporting the project proposal: 'According to the proposal, although motorised vehicles are a major source of air pollution, the country currently has no roadside monitoring system in place.' The statement is the environment ministry's own, made in the document asking for money to change it.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f06cbe3dba8856b6", "field": "impact", "text": "a Tk 103 crore project, with a Tk 68 crore Japanese grant, to install 24 roadside stations - 19 of them in Dhaka - went to the national economic council in April 2025", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a23d2066911db59e", "src-d7907eba2a249233" ], "supportNote": "The Daily Star, 19 April 2025: the environment ministry 'will today place a Tk 103 crore project proposal at a meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (Ecnec)'; 'the Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica) will provide a Tk 68 crore grant, with the remaining funds to be covered by the government'; 'Nineteen of the stations will be installed in Dhaka and five in Chattogram.' The Dhaka Tribune reports the same project as approved, at Tk 103.35 crore of which Tk 67.84 crore is the JICA grant.", "caveat": "This entry states only that the project went to the council, which is what the fetched source supports. The Dhaka Tribune reports approval, but that host returns 403 to every automated request tried, so its content was confirmed through search results and carries no verbatim locator. No station has been reported built.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6c682fa9fc3d37c2", "field": "lesson", "text": "The one legal lever the rules provide runs on an annual average", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1", "src-a9e3714eb4a42bc9" ], "supportNote": "The declaration rests on an annual figure, not a daily one: BSS reports the department's stations showing 'the annual average concentration of ambient air pollutants in Savar is almost three times higher than the national standard', and The Business Standard lists the annual national standards against which the designation is measured (PM2.5 15 ug/m3, PM10 50 ug/m3 annual; only carbon monoxide is given a one-hour limit).", "caveat": "That a designation resting on an annual average cannot answer a single hazardous day is this atlas's inference from the standards quoted, not a statement made by either source.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b62f8bb68d30f913", "field": "lesson", "text": "when it was finally pulled, dozens of the closed kilns came back on court orders", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-27e110ff2dc7b767", "src-df923d4b2cde7ba5" ], "supportNote": "The Daily Star's reporting of 14 March 2026 quotes the department's own deputy director on 30 to 40 kilns reopening on High Court permissions, and the reporter documents one such notice at a kiln in Savar. The editorial of 11 June 2026 adds the department's wider verdict that enforcement of the declaration 'has been lax'.", "caveat": "'Dozens' is the range 30 to 40 in plain words; the entry avoids expressing it as a share of the kilns closed, because the two available counts of those kilns (106 and 107) disagree.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-16c4ada012855864", "title": "The Daily Star / ICDDR,B and Bengal Institute - Dhaka's deadly air: what we know and what we can do", "url": "https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/focus/news/what-we-know-and-what-we-can-do-3850041", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thedailystar.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-239df2d7d43a2d01", "clm-a98bba1e15fdcf7f" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-03-16", "updatedAt": "2025-06-21", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Joint report by researchers at ICDDR,B and the Bengal Institute for Architecture, Landscapes and Settlements, published in The Daily Star's In Focus section. Carries the network's size and origin - the DoE installed 16 CAMS in eleven cities under the CASE project, of which Dhaka has 4 - the statement that the daily AQI is derived from those stations, the judgement that four stations cannot represent Dhaka, the NAQMP 2024-2030 targets, and the finding that the plan sets out suggestions without strict obligations. Fetched with a browser user agent; the site returns 403 to WebFetch.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d48c4fd17b0454e1", "title": "BSS - Govt declares Savar upazila as 'degraded air shed'", "url": "https://www.bssnews.net/news/302735", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "bssnews.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-31f95ca3a305d88f", "clm-c8bca475aeca852f", "clm-02a4eb80700c91d2", "clm-c23fd6c0314df0e3", "clm-ca69bc4d48aed484", "clm-d000eb2149224f10", "clm-6c682fa9fc3d37c2" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-08-18", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "State news agency report on the declaration. Supports Rule 5 of the Air Pollution (Control) Rules 2022 as the legal basis, the circular signed on 17 August by DoE director general Dr Md. Kamruzzaman, the September 2025 prohibitions (all brick kilns except tunnel and hybrid Hoffman kilns, open burning of solid waste, clearances for new polluting industry), the CAMS finding of annual average pollutants nearly three times the national standard, and the dry-season winds that carry Savar's pollution into Dhaka.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-a9e3714eb4a42bc9", "title": "The Business Standard - Explainer: Savar declared a 'Degraded Air Shed': what does it mean?", "url": "https://www.tbsnews.net/explainer/explainer-savar-declared-degraded-air-shed-what-does-it-mean-1215681", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "tbsnews.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-31f95ca3a305d88f", "clm-c23fd6c0314df0e3", "clm-ca69bc4d48aed484", "clm-d000eb2149224f10", "clm-6c682fa9fc3d37c2" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-08-19", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Explainer confirming the same measures independently and stating that the designation is made under Rule 5 of the Air Pollution (Control) Rules, 2022, that the action plan rests on CAMS data, and listing the national ambient standards the declaration is measured against (annual PM2.5 15 ug/m3, PM10 50 ug/m3).", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-27e110ff2dc7b767", "title": "The Daily Star - Smoke fills the air we breathe", "url": "https://www.thedailystar.net/environment/pollution/air-pollution/news/smoke-fills-the-air-we-breathe-4128191", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thedailystar.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-8ca6bd183e95c757", "clm-b62f8bb68d30f913" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-14", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reporting by Pinaki Roy. Supports the partial reversal: DoE deputy director Mohammad Abdul Motalib says around 30 to 40 brick kilns reopened on High Court permissions (Writ Petition No-15982/2025), and the open-burning ban is not holding at the Amin Bazar and Matuail landfills. Also recaps the Savar declaration and the September kiln halt. Its 'Switzerland-based Air Quality Index' rankings and the 90.35 ug/m3 annual figure are commercial-platform numbers and are deliberately not used in this entry.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-879f571677eb96b1", "title": "The Daily Star editorial - Govt must act now to curb air pollution", "url": "https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/editorial/news/govt-must-act-now-curb-air-pollution-4068121", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thedailystar.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-83c25faf3161d069" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-12-29", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Editorial. Carries the load-bearing negative: Bangladesh still lacks clear, systematic protocols such as school protection measures or closure guidelines during episodes of extreme pollution.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-df923d4b2cde7ba5", "title": "The Daily Star editorial - Failure to clean up Dhaka's air is costing lives", "url": "https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/editorial/news/failure-clean-dhakas-air-costing-lives-4195761", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thedailystar.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-c91fba5df9917d78", "clm-b62f8bb68d30f913" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-06-11", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Currency check and the enforcement verdict: despite the 2025 Savar declaration and the kiln restrictions, 'enforcement has been lax'. Also the model this entry follows for handling commercial rankings - the editorial attributes them to IQAir by name rather than asserting them.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-a23d2066911db59e", "title": "The Daily Star - Air pollution: Govt plans 24 roadside monitors in Dhaka and Ctg", "url": "https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/air-pollution-govt-plans-24-roadside-monitors-dhaka-and-ctg-3875426", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thedailystar.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-f2d6860521300a34", "clm-239df2d7d43a2d01", "clm-a98bba1e15fdcf7f", "clm-b4da51bb715331c9", "clm-f06cbe3dba8856b6" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-04-19", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Supports the network total (the DoE has 31 air quality monitoring stations, of which 16 function continuously, and publishes real-time data from them), the absence of any roadside monitoring in the country, and the Tk 103 crore proposal with a Tk 68 crore JICA grant for 24 roadside stations, 19 of them in Dhaka, put to the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d8ee6428509ba8a8", "title": "BSS - 'Degraded Airsheds' to be identified in Dhaka: Rizwana", "url": "https://www.bssnews.net/news/288259", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "bssnews.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-f2d6860521300a34" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-07-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Environment adviser Syeda Rizwana Hasan tells a meeting at the DoE in Agargaon that degraded airsheds 'will soon be declared to control air pollution in Dhaka city' and that a scientific expert committee will be formed. Establishes that a Dhaka-city declaration was announced as intended six weeks before Savar was declared instead, and that the DoE sits under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2d3473306d508d90", "title": "BSS - PM outlines 12-point plan to build a clean and green Dhaka", "url": "https://www.bssnews.net/js-session/382509", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "bssnews.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-83c25faf3161d069" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-04-29", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The government's own most recent account of what it does about Dhaka's air, given by the prime minister in parliament: mobile courts against smoking vehicles and construction dust, tree planting, 250 electric buses, brick-kiln shutdowns, and the Savar degraded airshed named as the measure aimed at the capital. Nothing in the twelve points is conditioned on an air-quality reading, which is the corroboration for this entry's central negative.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-8844e38b7f4676fd", "title": "Begum, Biswas & Nasiruddin - Trend and spatial distribution of air particulate matter pollution in Dhaka city, Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 34(1)", "url": "https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAS/article/download/5490/4300", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "banglajol.info", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1ce3f93808257941" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Peer-reviewed. Supports the origin date: the DoE set up the first continuous air quality monitoring station in the country at the Sangsad Bhaban premises in Dhaka in April 2002, plus five satellite stations from 2005. Used only for that fact.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-fb3e97d7b8f9ef29", "title": "World Air Quality Index project - Department of Environment Bangladesh station feed", "url": "https://aqicn.org/network/doebd/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "aqicn.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a98bba1e15fdcf7f" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The Department of Environment's own real-time feed as republished by the World Air Quality Index project, used here only to confirm that the Dhaka stations are reporting, not for any figure. Checked 27 August 2026: the DoE network page listed live readings from four Dhaka locations (National Institute of Mass Communication, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, the DoE's own Dhaka compound and BUET) alongside stations in Savar, Gazipur, Narayanganj and eight other towns. The page notes that Bangladesh's AQI breakpoints are the same as the USEPA's, per the National Air Quality Management Plan 2024-2030.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d7907eba2a249233", "title": "Dhaka Tribune - Govt to set up roadside air monitoring stations in Dhaka, Chittagong", "url": "https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/government-affairs/379688/govt-to-set-up-roadside-air-monitoring-stations-in", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "dhakatribune.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-f06cbe3dba8856b6" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-26", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Corroborates the roadside project and reports that ECNEC approved it, with Tk 35.51 crore from the government and Tk 67.84 crore as a JICA grant, 19 stations in Dhaka and five in Chattogram, covering DNCC, DSCC and Chittagong City Corporation. The host returns 403 to every automated request tried (WebFetch and curl with a browser user agent), so the outlet, headline and content were confirmed through search results only and no verbatim locator could be taken.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 17, "claimsMapped": 17, "sourcesTotal": 12, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 12, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 9, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }