{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "delhi-tpddl-loss-reduction",
  "title": "Tata Power-DDL Metered Grid & Loss Reduction, North Delhi",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/delhi-tpddl-loss-reduction/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-claims-and-sources",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T02:45:42Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-27",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 7 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:9cf0ce0e93a6e00400fb71e4497eab60d2a3998be8c5d2eaa8f9b917247206bf",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-27",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:1132f467041bb817148ad61f18986ad724128f11d581c8e8c67a656b9b7487be",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "succeeded",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2002,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited (Tata Power-DDL), a joint venture of Tata Power and the Government of NCT of Delhi",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "ppp",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-1eb10523fca506b7",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since taking over the distribution network of north and north-west Delhi in July 2002, Tata Power-DDL has rebuilt it around metering, SCADA, GIS consumer indexing and outage management to attack electricity theft and unbilled supply",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-09eeff712da62cdf",
       "src-35cc344b2ea9e8d9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The World Bank case study describes the 2002 privatisation and the technologies adopted — SCADA, GIS, outage management, metering and billing systems — explicitly aimed at losses 'due to widespread electricity theft'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5c0fca9df7ce32e2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The utility reports aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses falling from 53% at handover to 5.9% by early 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-35cc344b2ea9e8d9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Tata Power's release of 10 February 2025: 'Today, AT&C losses stand at 5.9%, which is an unprecedented reduction from an opening loss level of 53% in July 2002.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-9737f7e04c396a11",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a World Bank case study, which puts the inherited loss level at 57%, credits the technology rollout together with a performance-management overhaul and a predictable regulator",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-09eeff712da62cdf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'AT&C losses were 57 percent due to widespread electricity theft.' The study's own summary credits the technology alongside a performance management system 'that aligned the utility's goals with individual staff members' performance targets and compensation' and 'the oversight of an independent regulator with clear, predictable rules concerning technology investments'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cf783af2f9a1058f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The licence area is one of Delhi's three distribution circles, covering roughly 9 million residents — not the whole city, and separate from the neighbouring BSES discoms",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-287fc597632b75ab"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Power Line's account covers all three Delhi distribution companies — Tata Power-DDL alongside BSES Rajdhani and BSES Yamuna — and reports the Delhi-wide fall from 55% in 2002 to about 7%, which is a different figure from Tata Power-DDL's own licence area.",
      "caveat": "The 9 million residents figure is the licence area's commonly cited population and is not carried by the sources listed here.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c3e36deff9311d1d",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "AT&C losses in Tata Power-DDL's licence area fell from 53% in July 2002 to 5.9% by February 2025 (utility figures)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-35cc344b2ea9e8d9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's release of 10 February 2025 carries both ends of the range in one sentence.",
      "caveat": "The reduction is the utility's own figure; the World Bank case study starts the same story at 57%.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3e3e69e6d93c58ab",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "its own chief executive, writing on a World Bank blog in 2015, said 53.1%",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bbfc28cf5bea1008"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'Investments of about $620 million from 2002 until today have led to a reduction in aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses from 53.1% in 2002 to below 10% today' — written by Praveer Sinha, identified at the foot of the post as CEO and Managing Director of TPDDL.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d64ac73e063c4824",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "internal processes to stop the utility's own staff facilitating theft, a state government that policed and punished theft",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-09eeff712da62cdf"
      ],
      "supportNote": "'the utility implemented internal processes to stop employees from facilitating power theft. The state government helped with the latter by promptly policing and punishing of power theft in Delhi.'",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-09eeff712da62cdf",
      "title": "World Bank — Governance and Culture: A Utility's Adoption of Technology to Improve its Performance and Efficiency (Tata Power-DDL)",
      "url": "https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099032924175531916",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "documents.worldbank.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-1eb10523fca506b7",
       "clm-9737f7e04c396a11",
       "clm-d64ac73e063c4824"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent World Bank case study, document date 1 July 2023. Puts the inherited position in detail: 'AT&C losses were 57 percent due to widespread electricity theft', a billing rate of 54 percent, a collection rate of 80 percent, SAIFI of 55, load shedding of 8 to 12 hours a day and an average of more than 53 days to fulfil a new connection. Attributes the turnaround to network upgrading plus a performance-management overhaul, internal processes to stop staff facilitating theft, state policing of theft, and an independent regulator with predictable rules. The landing page renders only as a JavaScript shell to an automated client; the text was read through the World Bank's own document text service.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-35cc344b2ea9e8d9",
      "title": "Tata Power — Delhi distribution arm ranked among top 10 utilities globally in Smart Grid Index (10 Feb 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.tatapower.com/news-and-media/media-releases/tata-power-s-delhi-distribution-arm-ranked-among-top-10-utilities-globally-in-smart-grid-index",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "tatapower.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-1eb10523fca506b7",
       "clm-5c0fca9df7ce32e2",
       "clm-c3e36deff9311d1d"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-02-10",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator source. Carries the sentence that AT&C losses stand at 5.9%, down from an initial 53% in July 2002, the ~9 million residents of north and north-west Delhi, and the SP Group Smart Grid Index 2024 placing.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-287fc597632b75ab",
      "title": "Power Line Magazine — A Success Story: how distribution privatisation turned the national capital into a global city (23 Sep 2021)",
      "url": "https://powerline.net.in/2021/09/23/a-success-story/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "powerline.net.in",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-cf783af2f9a1058f"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2021-09-23",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent trade press on the Delhi-wide outcome: losses from 55% in 2002 to 7%, against New York (9%) and London (8%). Covers all three Delhi distribution companies, not Tata Power-DDL alone — context only.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-bbfc28cf5bea1008",
      "title": "World Bank Blogs — The power of Public-Private Partnerships to turn around dysfunctional utilities: the case of Tata Power Delhi",
      "url": "https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/ppps/power-public-private-partnerships-turn-around-dysfunctional-utilities-case-tata-power-delhi",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "blogs.worldbank.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-3e3e69e6d93c58ab"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2015-11-10",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-29",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "CAUTION: hosted by the World Bank but authored by Praveer Sinha, then Tata Power-DDL's own CEO and Managing Director — an operator voice on an independent platform, not an independent assessment. Published 10 November 2015. Gives a third baseline and a capital figure: 'Investments of about $620 million from 2002 until today have led to a reduction in aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses from 53.1% in 2002 to below 10% today', with the Average System Availability Index rising from 70 to 99.55.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 7,
     "claimsMapped": 7,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}