{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "delhi-metro-driverless-lines", "title": "Delhi Metro's Driverless Lines: Magenta & Pink", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/delhi-metro-driverless-lines/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-28-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-28-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-27T01:08:46Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 11 claims and 6 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:8aaf0bc3c8315addbd1d484fc3caada50aed52fe730ee2f49a7353abcbb0886a", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-07-26", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:0e1e852e94a1a4e02b7d1dd7aca4a479d0947831a8cbb1e5c3735f9df8073639", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2020, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)", "actorTypes": [ "utility" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": null, "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-358e61448d1d9cfe", "field": "snippet", "text": "Delhi Metro launched what India's government called the country's first driverless train operations on the Magenta Line (Janakpuri West to Botanical Garden) on 28 December 2020", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a860e8d01b344ff3" ], "supportNote": "The Press Information Bureau, 26 December 2020: the Prime Minister will inaugurate India's first-ever driverless train operations on Delhi Metro's Magenta Line (Janakpuri West – Botanical Garden) on 28 December 2020.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-007681b48aebfdf3", "field": "snippet", "text": "and on the 59 km Pink Line on 25 November 2021, both running on communications-based train control", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ef056dd93fa0d88d", "src-193528c3e9338075" ], "supportNote": "The Press Information Bureau, 25 November 2021: driverless train operations launched on the 59 km Pink Line (Majlis Park to Shiv Vihar). Metro Rail Today reports Alstom's Urbalis Flo communications-based train control on the Pink and Magenta lines.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2340093b352a8b5b", "field": "snippet", "text": "Driverless did not mean unattended: DMRC kept train operators on board and removed them from the Magenta Line only in stages between May 2024 and May 2025, while the Pink Line was still working through the same stages during 2025", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-967d4cb8444483e0", "src-ef056dd93fa0d88d" ], "supportNote": "Construction World: Stage I began in May 2024 with removal of the cab partition doors and gradual phasing out of the driving console, though an operator remained in the cab; Stage II in August 2024 allowed operators to move freely within the train; Stage IIIA reduced their presence to every alternate service; Stage IIIB in May 2025 removed operators completely. The Pink Line's automation began in March 2025 and reached Stage II by June 2025. The 2021 ministry release states that in driverless train operation the train operator will initially be present in the train.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ea1c312b7f7a7d31", "field": "snippet", "text": "New Phase IV extensions of both lines entered service in 2026 equipped for GoA4, the highest grade of automation", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-193528c3e9338075" ], "supportNote": "Metro Rail Today, March 2026, reporting Alstom's announcement: the Majlis Park–Maujpur stretch of the Pink Line and the Majlis Park–Deepali Chowk stretch of the Magenta Line are in revenue service, and Line 7 is set to become the longest metro line in the country equipped for Unattended Train Operation at the highest automation level, GoA4.", "caveat": "This rests on the supplier's own announcement relayed by trade press; the phrase is 'equipped for', and no source states that these stretches run with nobody on board.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-023d155a4cbffd9f", "field": "impact", "text": "India's housing ministry put the fully automated network at 96.7 km when the Pink Line launched in November 2021, called it the fourth largest driverless network in the world and the only one in India", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ef056dd93fa0d88d" ], "supportNote": "The 25 November 2021 ministry release: with a driverless network of 96.7 kilometres the Delhi Metro has become the fourth largest network in the world to operate with driverless technology, and it is the only such network in India.", "caveat": "The length and the world ranking are the ministry's own claims; neither has been independently audited.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7532da8f8d78b222", "field": "impact", "text": "in driverless train operation the train operator will initially be present in the train, to instil a sense of confidence and assistance", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ef056dd93fa0d88d" ], "supportNote": "The same release, in its own words: 'In DTO, initially, the train operator will be present in the train to instil a sense of confidence and assistance.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fa9bfb60aaea4d33", "field": "impact", "text": "May 2024 removed the cab partition and phased out the driving console with an operator still in the cab, August 2024 let the operator move through the train, a further stage cut them to every alternate service, and a fourth removed them", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-967d4cb8444483e0" ], "supportNote": "Construction World sets out the four approved stages for the Magenta Line: Stage I May 2024, Stage II August 2024, Stage IIIA every alternate service, Stage IIIB May 2025.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0fa01e17c72946f5", "field": "impact", "text": "In July 2024, with 29 cab-less trains running, attendants still rode every three or four trains", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-7191143d01deae33" ], "supportNote": "Business Today, 3 July 2024: 29 trains now operate without driver cabins, and attendants will be phased out gradually but will be present on every 3-4 trains for now.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5643b9b67fddac91", "field": "lesson", "text": "The equipment was unattended-capable from the start — the trains have no driving cab, the pre-service checks and depot parking run themselves", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ef056dd93fa0d88d", "src-7191143d01deae33" ], "supportNote": "The 2021 ministry release: driverless trains eliminate the manual process of checking done before induction, and parking on the stabling line in depots is done automatically. Business Today reports the 29 trains running without driver cabins.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-aa09fed700dd789f", "field": "lesson", "text": "on the Magenta Line it ran from December 2020 to May 2025 in stages each approved by the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-967d4cb8444483e0", "src-a860e8d01b344ff3" ], "supportNote": "Construction World: Delhi Metro first initiated driverless operations in 2020 and implemented them in carefully phased stages approved by the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety, the last of which, in May 2025, removed operators completely. The 2020 ministry release dates the start to 28 December 2020.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d0052b6789aff3e3", "field": "lesson", "text": "the corridors that entered revenue service in 2026 are described as equipped for unattended operation at the highest grade of automation, which is a statement about the procurement, not about who is aboard", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-193528c3e9338075" ], "supportNote": "Metro Rail Today reports the Phase IV stretches in revenue service and describes Line 7 as equipped for Unattended Train Operation at GoA4 — a property of the delivered signalling and rolling stock; no source states who rides on them.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-a860e8d01b344ff3", "title": "PIB, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs — PM to inaugurate India's first driverless train operations on the Magenta Line (Dec 2020)", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1683791®=3&lang=2", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "pib.gov.in", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-358e61448d1d9cfe", "clm-aa09fed700dd789f" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2020-12-26", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Government primary source for the 28 December 2020 launch date, the Janakpuri West-Botanical Garden corridor and the 'India's first' framing. Stated the Pink Line would follow by mid-2021; it actually followed in November 2021.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ef056dd93fa0d88d", "title": "PIB, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs — Driverless Train Operations inaugurated on the Pink Line (25 Nov 2021)", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1774960", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "pib.gov.in", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-007681b48aebfdf3", "clm-2340093b352a8b5b", "clm-023d155a4cbffd9f", "clm-7532da8f8d78b222", "clm-5643b9b67fddac91" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2021-11-25", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Government primary source: 25 November 2021 launch, 59 km Majlis Park-Shiv Vihar, and the ~97 km / 'fourth largest in the world' claim. Decisive on the attendant question: 'In DTO, initially, the train operator will be present in the train to instil a sense of confidence and assistance.'", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-7191143d01deae33", "title": "Business Today — Magenta Line becomes driverless; 29 trains running with no manual intervention (3 July 2024)", "url": "https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/delhi-metro-magenta-line-becomes-driverless-29-trains-running-with-no-manual-intervention-435559-2024-07-03", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "businesstoday.in", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-0fa01e17c72946f5", "clm-5643b9b67fddac91" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-07-03", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Confirms 29 cab-less trains by mid-2024 but that attendants were still riding every 3-4 trains and would be phased out gradually — i.e. not yet unattended three and a half years after the launch.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-967d4cb8444483e0", "title": "Construction World — Delhi Metro's Magenta Line now fully driverless (2025)", "url": "https://www.constructionworld.in/transport-infrastructure/metro-rail-and-railways-infrastructure/delhi-metro---s-magenta-line-now-fully-driverless/77655", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "constructionworld.in", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2340093b352a8b5b", "clm-fa9bfb60aaea4d33", "clm-aa09fed700dd789f" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-08-14", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Trade press source for the staged transition: Stage I May 2024, Stage II August 2024, Stage IIIA, Stage IIIB May 2025 (operators removed entirely). Pink Line began the same sequence in March 2025.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-193528c3e9338075", "title": "Metro Rail Today — Alstom powers Delhi Metro's Pink and Magenta Line with driverless trains and CBTC (Mar 2026)", "url": "https://metrorailtoday.com/news/alstom-powers-delhi-metros-pink-and-magenta-line-with-driverless-trains-and-cbtc-signalling", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "metrorailtoday.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-007681b48aebfdf3", "clm-ea1c312b7f7a7d31", "clm-d0052b6789aff3e3" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-09", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Trade press reporting Alstom's own announcement: CBTC and 312 India-built cars for the Phase IV extensions, which entered revenue service in 2026 equipped for GoA4. Vendor-sourced; used only for the extension fact.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-83e013437450f142", "title": "Onmanorama — Driverless Delhi Metro train meets with accident during trials (19 Dec 2017)", "url": "https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2017/12/19/accident-on-delhi-metro-new-line-during-trials.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "onmanorama.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2017-12-19", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-28", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Counterweight, quoting DMRC: an empty train rolled back down a washing ramp and broke through a boundary wall six days before the line opened; DMRC blamed human error during maintenance. Notably a manual-handling failure, not an automation failure.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 11, "claimsMapped": 11, "sourcesTotal": 6, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }