{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
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  "id": "delhi-cctv-facial-recognition",
  "title": "Citywide CCTV Rollout and Delhi Police Facial Recognition",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/delhi-cctv-facial-recognition/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-26T22:14:17Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-27",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 8 claims and 8 source dossiers.",
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
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   },
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    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
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     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
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    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
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     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
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      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2018,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Delhi Public Works Department (camera network); Delhi Police (facial recognition)",
     "actorTypes": [
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      "national-government"
     ],
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     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
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      "text": "Delhi's Public Works Department has installed roughly 280,000 street CCTV cameras since 2018, sited largely where resident welfare and market associations asked for them",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "caveat": "Both hosts refuse automated retrieval — one with an edge Access Denied page, the other with a paywall — so no locating passage was read from either.",
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      "text": "in March 2025 the government ordered a physical audit after finding 263,000 recorded as installed, to check how many exist and still work",
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      "supportNote": "Business daily of 31 March 2025 reporting the ordered audit of more than 260,000 cameras installed on city roads.",
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      "text": "Delhi Police runs a facial recognition system procured in 2018 under a High Court order to trace missing children, later used to identify people after the 2020 north-east Delhi riots and at protest sites",
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      "text": "Police treat an 80 percent similarity score as a positive match, and no Indian law specifically governs the technology",
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      "text": "The Union Home Minister told Parliament in March 2020 that 1,922 faces had been identified with facial recognition after the north-east Delhi riots, matched against driving-licence and voter-ID data",
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      "caveat": "The host answers automated retrieval with an edge Access Denied page, so no locating passage was read from it.",
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      "text": "In court filings Delhi Police had earlier put the system's accuracy at 2 per cent (2018) and under 1 per cent (2019)",
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      "text": "Delhi Police decided that an 80 per cent similarity score counts as a match, on a system whose accuracy their own court filings put at 2 per cent and then under 1 per cent",
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      "text": "which is why the government had to order a physical audit to find out how many of the cameras on its books exist and still work",
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      "supportNote": "Business daily of 31 March 2025 on the ordered audit of the recorded cameras.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "title": "PTI via The Week — Delhi PWD street CCTV programme (14 May 2025)",
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       "value": "14 May 2025 wire report: since 2018 the department has installed approximately 2.8 lakh CCTV cameras in two phases; ~2,000 cameras per assembly constituency; implemented with support from resident welfare and market trader associations.",
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      "title": "Business Standard — Delhi govt to conduct audit of over 260,000 CCTV cameras",
      "url": "https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/delhi-govt-to-conduct-audit-of-over-260k-cctv-cameras-installed-officials-125033000822_1.html",
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       "value": "30 Mar 2025: 280,000-camera project, 263,000 shown installed in records; audit ordered to physically verify existence, function, image quality and data handling.",
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     {
      "id": "src-4382828c9fc470a3",
      "title": "Comparitech — The World's Most Surveilled Cities (research)",
      "url": "https://www.comparitech.com/vpn-privacy/the-worlds-most-surveilled-cities/",
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       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2019-08-15",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Research ranking of camera density. Its Delhi figure is cited only as a comparison and is not used to support a claim in this entry; the publisher has since revised the underlying methodology.",
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     {
      "id": "src-3a2f92f783812877",
      "title": "Outlook India — Delhi Police's 80 per cent match threshold raises concern, finds RTI",
      "url": "https://www.outlookindia.com/national/delhi-police-s-80-per-cent-match-of-facial-recognition-to-nab-accused-raises-concern-finds-rti-news-217182",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "August 2022, on Internet Freedom Foundation RTI replies: a match is treated as positive at 80 per cent accuracy, below which it is a false positive; sub-threshold matches still pursued via corroborative evidence; use in the 2020 riots and later cases.",
       "exact": false
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      "id": "src-778d2d87933e26fc",
      "title": "The Week — Facial recognition identified 1,900 Delhi rioters: how does the technology work",
      "url": "https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/03/13/amit-shah-said-facial-recognition-identified-1900-delhi-rioters-how-does-technology-work.html",
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       "domain": "theweek.in",
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2020-03-13",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "13 Mar 2020: the Home Minister said 1,922 faces had been identified; driving-licence and voter-ID data used, no Aadhaar; carries the court-record accuracy figures of 2 per cent (2018) and under 1 per cent (2019).",
       "exact": false
      },
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-a81a67923fa33800",
      "title": "Panoptic (Internet Freedom Foundation project)",
      "url": "https://panoptic.in/case-study/the-delhi-police-must-stop-its-facial-recognition-system",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "panoptic.in",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "clm-5182c696affbf174",
       "clm-5b596dddf0a9a4c8",
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Civil-society tracker of facial recognition deployments in India, including the Delhi Police system. Continuously maintained, so it states no publication date.",
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      "id": "src-5218213f0ef1853f",
      "title": "The News Minute — Explained: Delhi Police's AI surveillance network and why it's under scrutiny",
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       "publishedAt": "2026-07-23",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
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       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "2026 explainer: a Delhi Police order of 9 June 2022 as the sole authority for facial-recognition use; Safe City phase inaugurated February 2026 with 2,100 AI-enabled cameras live; notes India has no dedicated law and the broad state exemptions in the DPDP Act 2023.",
       "exact": false
      },
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-38cd825c491c0468",
      "title": "The Tribune — Facial recognition and AI surveillance vehicles deployed at Jantar Mantar protest site",
      "url": "https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/delhi/delhi-police-deploy-facial-recognition-system-ai-surveillance-vehicles-at-jantar-mantar-protest-site/",
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      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
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       "publishedAt": "2026-07-24",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "24 July 2026 currency check: facial recognition cameras and 360-degree surveillance vans deployed at a protest site; police describe it as routine practice also used on national holidays and at festivals.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
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     }
    ],
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     "claimsTotal": 8,
     "claimsMapped": 8,
     "sourcesTotal": 8,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 7,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}