{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "dakar-brt-electric", "title": "Dakar Bus Rapid Transit (electric BRT)", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/dakar-brt-electric/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-22T09:03:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-07-19", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 9 claims and 4 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:4c18d1bcfb8e2d8913c7b2bab38f6be713615cd18c7aad9611838795c75c5aeb", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-07-19", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:4f8a51b3d343081cb54d8433054f595601e00732ef52ac1e7cba394510431863", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2024, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Dakar Mobilité (Meridiam / FONSIS)", "actorTypes": [ "private" ], "fundingModel": "ppp", "fundingDescription": "Meridiam / FONSIS (Dakar Mobilité), World Bank / MIGA", "cost": "$144M private investment (+ $22M MIGA guarantee)", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-9ec786ff7a5af09c", "field": "snippet", "text": "Dakar Mobilité's Bus Rapid Transit is billed as sub-Saharan Africa's first fully electric BRT", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e846c4674dd1837a", "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "src-8812ce7b9c7426af" ], "supportNote": "All three sources make the claim, and each qualifies it differently. Meridiam, the majority shareholder of the concession company, writes that the corridor will be worked \"thanks to a 121-bus fleet, powered 100% by electricity. A first in sub-Saharan Africa!\" The World Bank presentation lists among the project's features \"1st fully electric BRT in Africa\". Systrans, the fleet-management supplier, is the most guarded: \"the first fully electric BRT deployed at this scale in sub-Saharan Africa\". Dakar Mobilité is named as the operator by Systrans (\"Operated by Dakar Mobilité\") and described by Meridiam as \"a Senegalese company owned by Meridiam and the Fonds souverain d'Investissements stratégiques du Sénégal (FONSIS)\", to which the transport authority CETUD \"has delegated - for a period of 15 years - the acquisition and maintenance of the vehicles and associated systems, as well as the operation of the BRT\".", "caveat": "The wording \"billed as\" is the right one: this is a claim made by the concessionaire, its supplier and the project's principal funder, and no source in the entry establishes it against a register of African BRT systems. Systrans narrows it to systems \"at this scale\", and the World Bank drops the qualifier \"sub-Saharan\" and says Africa.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d61d24985c956f32", "field": "snippet", "text": "an 18.3km segregated corridor with 23 stations", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e846c4674dd1837a", "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "src-61779a018e2cf136" ], "supportNote": "Meridiam gives both figures in one sentence: \"It will cover 18.3 km of Dakar, connecting 23 stations and 14 of the city's most densely populated districts from north to south, via four lines (one 'omnibus' line and three express or semi-express lines).\" The World Bank presentation repeats them on its summary slide as \"18.3 kms\" and \"23 stations\". ITDP gives the length as \"its much anticipated 18.3-kilometer, fully electric BRT\" and describes the segregation elsewhere as \"fully dedicated right-of-way\" and \"dedicated median lanes\".", "caveat": "Systrans, the fleet-management supplier, rounds the corridor to \"the 18-km BRT corridor\" and gives no station count. Note that the number 14, which appears in Meridiam's sentence, counts districts crossed, not stations.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-27f6aaeadb113a3c", "field": "snippet", "text": "linking the suburb of Guediawaye to central Dakar", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-e846c4674dd1837a", "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d" ], "supportNote": "Meridiam names both ends: \"the system will link the Petersen bus station at Dakar Plateau (in the city center) to the prefecture of Guédiawaye in the northern suburbs\". The World Bank presentation gives the same pair on its accessibility slide: \"Travel time : from 95min to 45 min to travel from Dakar to Guediawaye (18.3 kms)\".", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-40630df6d973a990", "field": "snippet", "text": "worked by a fleet of electric articulated buses", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "src-8812ce7b9c7426af", "src-e846c4674dd1837a" ], "supportNote": "The World Bank presentation lists \"121 electric articulated buses\" among the concession's key figures and \"121 electric buses\" on its project summary slide. Systrans describes the operating fleet in the present tense: \"The fleet includes 121 articulated 18-meter buses offering high capacity and peak-hour frequencies of around two minutes at major stations\". Meridiam gives the same number before service began: \"a 121-bus fleet, powered 100% by electricity\".", "caveat": "The entry deliberately gives no fleet number, because the sources do not agree on one. Three of them say 121; ITDP says the system \"is set to operate a robust fleet of 144 articulated e-buses\" and elsewhere \"a fleet of over 140 electric buses\". The 121 figure is the one carried by the operator's own shareholder and by the concession's key-figures slide.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9176c170d42f21dd", "field": "snippet", "text": "Operations run on a NAVINEO fleet-management system", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8812ce7b9c7426af" ], "supportNote": "The supplier describes its own product in the operating system: \"Operated by Dakar Mobilité, the network is built on a suite of integrated intelligent systems, with the NAVINEO CAD/AVL system, developed by Systrans, an Equans company, at its core.\" It sets out what the system does - \"real-time supervision: bus tracking, headway management, decision support for controllers at the control center, passenger information\" - and that it reaches into the charging side, giving the control centre \"real-time vehicle state-of-charge\" and the ability to \"Determine whether a bus has enough autonomy to complete its trip or requires charging\". Deployment \"began in 2022\", accelerated \"From October 2023 onward\", and included \"Support during the commercial launch in May 2024\".", "caveat": "Systrans supplies NAVINEO, so this is the vendor's account of its own installation. No source in the entry is written by the operator or the transport authority about how the system performs in service.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-eba285d8b02e4c55", "field": "snippet", "text": "Partial commercial service opened in May 2024.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "src-8812ce7b9c7426af" ], "supportNote": "The World Bank presentation states in its description of the public-private structure that \"Commercial Operations started in May 2024\", and its project timeline separates the stages: \"Jan 14, 2024 Inauguration\", \"Jan - March, 2024 Operating Tests\", \"Apr 2024 1st phase of commercial operations\" and \"March 2025 Full commercial operations\". Systrans records the same month from the supplier's side: \"Support during the commercial launch in May 2024\".", "caveat": "Neither source uses the word \"partial\". The reading rests on the World Bank timeline, which labels the 2024 opening a first phase and places full commercial operations in March 2025. The World Bank slide dates that first phase to April rather than May.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b99ae8114b930566", "field": "impact", "text": "Designed to cut the Guediawaye-to-centre trip from 95 to 45 minutes", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "src-61779a018e2cf136" ], "supportNote": "The World Bank presentation gives the pair as a designed accessibility gain: \"Travel time : from 95min to 45 min to travel from Dakar to Guediawaye (18.3 kms)\", and its technical-characteristics table lists the modelled running times of the full BRT proposal against a baseline of \"95 min average today\". ITDP states it as a forecast: \"The BRT system is expected to carry 300,000 passengers a day and reduce travel journey time from 95 to 45 minutes for a wide variety of riders.\"", "caveat": "Both figures are design values, not measurements - the passage says \"designed to\" for that reason. The sources also disagree on the baseline: Meridiam says buses will run the line \"in 45 minutes, instead of 90 minutes today\", and Systrans says the trip \"could take up to an hour and a half\". The World Bank's own table models the end-to-end run at 41.89 to 50.39 minutes rather than a flat 45.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-91b75fb2fe669a32", "field": "lesson", "text": "Africa's first electric BRT shows a full zero-emission fleet is deliverable at scale", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "src-e846c4674dd1837a" ], "supportNote": "The World Bank presentation is titled \"Implementing the first electric BRT in Africa\" and lists among the project's demonstration fronts the \"Electrification of fleet\" and \"Private sector engagement\", noting that \"Private sector operators are ready to invest in this technology\" while \"decision-makers need still to be convinced given the initial upfront additional CAPEX compared to diesel buses\". Meridiam describes the delivered arrangement: a private company financing, procuring, operating and maintaining \"a 121-bus fleet, powered 100% by electricity\" for fifteen years, with €135 million raised for the fleet and its systems.", "caveat": "\"Deliverable at scale\" is the entry's reading, not a phrase used by any source. The World Bank presentation adds the condition under which it was delivered: an IDA capital subsidy of about US$17 million, and a net-cost contract carrying a Minimum Revenue Guarantee - the traffic risk sits with the authority, not the operator.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7e3cafcdae389185", "field": "lesson", "text": "but ramp-up is gradual", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "src-8812ce7b9c7426af" ], "supportNote": "The World Bank timeline sets out the stages one after another: \"Jan 14, 2024 Inauguration\", \"Jan - March, 2024 Operating Tests\", \"Apr 2024 1st phase of commercial operations\", \"Feb 28, 2025 Works completion\" and \"March 2025 Full commercial operations\". Systrans describes the same period from the depot: deployment ran \"in a context marked by a variability in the infrastructure delivery schedule and the progressive ramp-up of the bus fleet, delivered in successive batches\", with onboard equipment installed \"as buses were delivered\".", "caveat": "The World Bank presentation dates from December 2024 and gives March 2025 as a plan, not a record. No source in the entry states when full commercial operation actually began.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-61779a018e2cf136", "title": "ITDP — Dakar's Electric BRT Leads the Way", "url": "https://itdp.org/2024/03/22/dakar-senegals-electric-brt-leads-the-way-for-african-cities/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "itdp.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-d61d24985c956f32", "clm-b99ae8114b930566" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-03-22", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Independent research NGO: corridor length, fleet, travel time, operator.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-1a6382f92b9dac5d", "title": "World Bank — Implementing the first electric BRT in Africa (Dakar BRT project)", "url": "https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/7cf9e47d61ee696deed007dc8613e110-0360012024/original/Senegal-Dakar-BRT-pilot-project-121124-jp.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thedocs.worldbank.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9ec786ff7a5af09c", "clm-d61d24985c956f32", "clm-27f6aaeadb113a3c", "clm-40630df6d973a990", "clm-eba285d8b02e4c55", "clm-b99ae8114b930566", "clm-91b75fb2fe669a32", "clm-7e3cafcdae389185" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-12-11", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Funder/authority: commissioning timeline, 121 buses, GHG projection, 2024 ridership.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-e846c4674dd1837a", "title": "Meridiam — Dakar Mobilité secures financing for the first 100% electric BRT in sub-Saharan Africa", "url": "https://www.meridiam.com/news/dakar-mobilite-secures-financing-for-the-first-ever-100-electric-brt-bus-system-in-sub-saharan-africa/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "meridiam.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9ec786ff7a5af09c", "clm-d61d24985c956f32", "clm-27f6aaeadb113a3c", "clm-40630df6d973a990", "clm-91b75fb2fe669a32" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-11-30", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Concessionaire structure and financing amounts.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-8812ce7b9c7426af", "title": "Systrans (Equans) — NAVINEO CAD/AVL for the Dakar electric BRT", "url": "https://systrans.com/dakar-launches-sub-saharan-africas-first-fully-electric-brt-system/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "systrans.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-9ec786ff7a5af09c", "clm-40630df6d973a990", "clm-9176c170d42f21dd", "clm-eba285d8b02e4c55", "clm-7e3cafcdae389185" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-12-25", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Intelligent transport system supplier.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 9, "claimsMapped": 9, "sourcesTotal": 4, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 4, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }