{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "bucharest-stb-contactless-payment",
  "title": "STB Open-Loop Contactless Fare Payment",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/bucharest-stb-contactless-payment/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T09:01:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 11 claims and 3 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:635df4aac5256da4700bb78933f3e5c145a885618f58751b8721fd73be312a40",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-07",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:4ddec13d1f2652d370ab744155b6de91306b2d293de327efbad9e955321daa0c",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2020,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Societatea de Transport București (STB S.A.)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": null,
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-10e21de957397c59",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 2020 Bucharest's surface transit operator STB has accepted contactless bank cards, phones and smartwatches directly at on-board validators",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-865623b17687db20",
       "src-be3e893460f9ba2a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "BCR's release states the contactless bank-card system \"a fost deja implementat de BCR, incepand din 2020, in noile autobuze Otokar si Mercedes Hibrid ale STB\" (was already implemented by BCR, starting in 2020, on STB's new Otokar and Mercedes Hybrid buses), and that payment works \"cu un smartphone sau smartwatch asociat cu un card bancar\". STB's own payment page confirms the validators accept a bank card \"inclusiv a celui inrolat pe telefonul mobil sau pe ceasul cu wallet integrat\" (including one enrolled on a mobile phone or on a watch with an integrated wallet).",
      "caveat": "The 2020 start applied only to STB's new Otokar and Mercedes hybrid buses, not to the surface fleet as a whole; the operator's page describes today's availability without giving a start date.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-15c57eeedbab2de2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a solution built with bank BCR and S&T România",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-865623b17687db20"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The release describes the solution as \"dezvoltata de Banca Comerciala Romana, impreuna cu partenerul sau S&T\" and states that for the first contract \"BCR si S&T Romania au asigurat implementarea solutiei tehnice\" (BCR and S&T Romania delivered the technical implementation).",
      "caveat": "STB's current payment page names Kontron, not S&T, as the bank's partner on the same project — the supplier was renamed after the 2022 release was written.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-94316221c96e9cc8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "piloted on new Otokar and Mercedes hybrid buses",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-865623b17687db20"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The release says the first contract, signed at the end of 2019 after a tender, used \"validatoarele de noua generatie instalate pe noile vehiculele din parcul STB SA (Otokar si Mercedes Hybrid)\" — next-generation validators installed on the new vehicles in STB's fleet — and calls the introduction a success that led STB to extend it.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-98a4e763fd578659",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "contracted in February 2022 for extension to the whole fleet within six months",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-865623b17687db20"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The release, dated 2 February 2022, announces a contract under which the solution \"va fi implementata, in cel mult sase luni, pe toate mijloacele de transport in comun ale Societatii de Transport Bucuresti (STB) S.A.\" — to be implemented within at most six months on all of STB's vehicles, including older ones.",
      "caveat": "The release records a commitment, not a completed rollout: it ties the extension to replacing the old validators, and STB's current page describes card payment as available in the vehicles that display the Visa and Mastercard logos.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-856a9b6900c93731",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "at the same fare as a transport card and with no commission",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-be3e893460f9ba2a",
       "src-865623b17687db20"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STB's page states \"Tariful unei calatorii este cel prevazut in oferta tarifara a STB SA, fara comision sau alte taxe, indiferent de tipul de card utilizat\" (the fare is the one in STB's tariff offer, with no commission or other charges, whatever card is used). BCR's release says paying with a bank card or smart device \"nu este comisionata, iar tariful ramane acelasi ca cel perceput de STB\", and that the same validator takes both the Mifare transport card and the bank card.",
      "caveat": "Both sources phrase this as STB's standard tariff rather than as an explicit comparison with the transport-card fare.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-3429bbf379f079ba",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Bucharest's surface fleet was a latecomer by its own bank's account",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-865623b17687db20"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The bank presents the Bucharest surface rollout as following work done elsewhere: \"In ultimii patru ani, BCR a introdus solutia de plata contactless in transportul public din cele mai mari 16 orase din tara, inclusiv la metroul din Bucuresti\" — over the previous four years, and only now is the contract signed to cover STB's whole fleet.",
      "caveat": "This is the atlas reading the bank's framing; the release itself does not call the surface fleet late.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-fc233874f36aa527",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "BCR had already deployed the system in 16 Romanian cities, including the capital's metro",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-865623b17687db20"
      ],
      "supportNote": "A summary bullet of the release reads \"BCR a introdus solutia de plata contactless in transportul public din cele mai mari 16 orase din tara, inclusiv la metroul din Bucuresti\" (BCR has introduced contactless payment in public transport in the country's 16 largest cities, including the Bucharest metro).",
      "caveat": "The body of the same release counts differently: it names fifteen other cities alongside Bucharest, and describes the metro as a separate system set up with Metrorex rather than as one of the sixteen.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-fa3639df6e908e27",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "ticketing remains spread across several parallel apps (24Pay, Bilet TB, LETZ PAY) plus SMS",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-be3e893460f9ba2a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STB's payment page lists the purchase channels side by side as separate sections: \"Puncte de vanzare\", \"Automate\", \"Card contactless\", \"24 Pay\", \"Bilet TB\", \"Statiile De Plata SelfPay\", \"PayPoint\", \"LETZ PAY\", \"Online\" and \"SMS\" (SMS ticketing on number 7458), each with its own ticket range.",
      "caveat": "The page lists still more channels than the passage names — sales points, vending machines, SelfPay stations, PayPoint and online top-up.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-44bde1dae27632dd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "on 26 May 2026 a fibre incident at a third-party provider knocked out both card payment at validators and the INFO TB app for several hours",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c664d33adbfb4703"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The report, dated 26 May 2026, quotes STB: \"astazi, 26.05.2026, din cauza unor considerente tehnice de comunicatie cu un operator tert, au fost afectate functionarea aplicatiei INFO TB si plata calatoriei direct cu cardul bancar la validator (contactless)\", and identifies the cause as \"un incident de infrastructura pe segmentul de fibra optica\" whose repair was being handled by the third-party operator's technical teams. A 15:50 update says the fault was still unfixed; a 17:00 update says both the InfoTB app and contactless card payment at validators were working again.",
      "caveat": "The article gives no start time for the outage, so its length has to be read from the timestamps: it was already reported that morning, still unresolved at 15:50 and restored at 17:00.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-dc9a86ae08bd785f",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the municipal surface operator and the national metro operator procured separate bank-card schemes",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-865623b17687db20"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The release keeps the two apart. For the surface fleet it says \"STB SA a semnat la finalul anului 2019 un prim contract cu Banca Comerciala Romana, in urma unei licitatii\" — STB signed its own first contract after a tender — and then the February 2022 contract to extend it. The metro appears as a separate deployment: \"BCR a pus in functiune, in parteneriat cu Metrorex, un sistem similar in toate statiile de metrou din Bucuresti\" (a similar system, set up in partnership with Metrorex).",
      "caveat": "The same bank supplied both, and the release describes only STB's procurement; it says nothing about how Metrorex procured its side.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ee6bb8b9be10a812",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "a single fibre incident at a third party stopped card payment across the entire surface fleet for an afternoon",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c664d33adbfb4703"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STB, quoted in the report, told passengers to fall back on SMS on 7458, the BiletTB and 24pay apps or an STB travel card until the fault was fixed, which places card payment at validators out of service system-wide rather than at single vehicles; the cause given is one fibre-infrastructure incident at a third-party operator, and service returned at 17:00.",
      "caveat": "Neither STB nor the report says how many vehicles were affected, so \"the entire surface fleet\" is inferred from the operator telling all passengers to use other payment channels.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-be3e893460f9ba2a",
      "title": "STB — Modalități de plată (operator)",
      "url": "https://www.stb.ro/modplata",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "stb.ro",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-10e21de957397c59",
       "clm-856a9b6900c93731",
       "clm-fa3639df6e908e27"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Current official payment page: contactless bank card at validators fleet-wide, same fare without commission, parallel apps 24Pay/Bilet TB/LETZ PAY and SMS",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-865623b17687db20",
      "title": "BCR press release — contract pentru extinderea soluției de plată în tot parcul de vehicule (2 Feb 2022)",
      "url": "https://www.bcr.ro/ro/presa/informatii-de-presa/2022/02/02/Banca-Comerciala-Romana-si-Societatea-de-Transport-Bucuresti-au-semnat-contractul-pentru-extinderea-solutiei-de-plata-cu-orice-card-bancar-telefon-ceas-inteligent-in-toate-mijloacele-de-transport-public-din-Capitala",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "bcr.ro",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-10e21de957397c59",
       "clm-15c57eeedbab2de2",
       "clm-94316221c96e9cc8",
       "clm-98a4e763fd578659",
       "clm-856a9b6900c93731",
       "clm-3429bbf379f079ba",
       "clm-fc233874f36aa527",
       "clm-dc9a86ae08bd785f"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2022-02-02",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Fleet-wide extension contract (max. six months from Feb 2022), pilot since 2020 on Otokar/Mercedes hybrids, S&T România as technology builder, BCR deployment in 16 cities incl. the Bucharest metro",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-c664d33adbfb4703",
      "title": "B365 — De ce au crăpat aplicația INFO TB și plata cu cardul (26 May 2026)",
      "url": "https://b365.ro/de-ce-au-crapat-azi-aplicatia-info-tb-si-plata-cu-cardul-la-validatoarele-din-mijloacele-de-transport-in-comun-din-bucuresti-stb-considerente-tehnice-606786/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "b365.ro",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-44bde1dae27632dd",
       "clm-ee6bb8b9be10a812"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-05-26",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "26 May 2026 outage: third-party fibre incident took down card payment at validators and the INFO TB app for several hours; resolved same day — confirms the system is live and in daily use",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 3,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}