{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "brussels-stib-contactless",
  "title": "STIB/MIVB Open-Loop Contactless Fare Payment",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/brussels-stib-contactless/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-04-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-11-04-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-11-04T04:51:52Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-11-03",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 15 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:848ca2d3aafcd3c847f3e40f486fdfa7d81efa2d3d7c0748b21d6b4d38cbaffd",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-11-03",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:f4b8f60bcf64e584d9bd2ac26ecd83b5cf871b14c606c118b86aaaabe660ae11",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2020,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "STIB-MIVB (Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Bruxelles)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "STIB-MIVB (regional public operator)",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-d606ae100c23b5c2",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since 1 July 2020",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a12ec3bea13979e4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STIB's release dates the network-wide launch.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d6e9f3ee79b13786",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "riders on Brussels' metro, trams and buses can pay by tapping a contactless bank card, smartphone or watch on the validator",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-179b3643607a10b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's page lists bank cards, smartphones and connected watches as accepted at metro gates and on buses and trams.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-4b82daae8c8e8ea9",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "STIB followed London, Paris and Milan rather than pioneering",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a12ec3bea13979e4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STIB itself says it launched 'in the wake of' London, Paris and Milan.",
      "caveat": "This is STIB's own framing of its place in the sequence; the release gives no launch dates for the other cities.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-6560a7401d9b74a6",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A tap debits the €2.40 single fare",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-179b3643607a10b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's current page gives the single-journey price for contactless.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-0bb0a2ad0cf050af",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "transfers within 60 minutes are free",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-179b3643607a10b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The page states that connections within 60 minutes of the first validation are free.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1f7926f44a50f705",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a daily cap stops the meter at €8.50: after four journeys the rest of the day rides free",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-179b3643607a10b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The page sets a daily maximum and says every trip after the fourth of the day is free.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-01aacdb615e01eab",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "35% of single tickets in 2021, 57% by May 2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-a12ec3bea13979e4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STIB's release gives the contactless share of single-journey tickets by year.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-1d36a3b78b3596be",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "64% by mid-2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9a0fa8b258307b53"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The July 2025 report gives the current share of single-journey tickets paid contactless.",
      "caveat": "Operator figures reported in the local press; no independent count.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d0b5d205dc6bd93f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "with 65% of taps from physical bank cards and the rest from phones and watches",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9a0fa8b258307b53"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The report says 65% of contactless validations use a bank card and the others a smartphone or smartwatch.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ff61a180410e7dad",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The channel sells only the standard adult fare",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69184c1565bc2dc1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STIB's ticket list names bank-card payment as a medium only for the single journey (all users), the daily maximum and the Airport2City trip.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-097f4470b9be5e06",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "reduced fares, season tickets and multi-operator Brupass tickets are not sold through it",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69184c1565bc2dc1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "In the same list, season tickets, reduced-fare products and Brupass tickets are issued on MOBIB cards or other media, never on a bank card.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5a24dae05e0f7e72",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "each passenger needs their own card or device",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-179b3643607a10b1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The page says one card or device cannot validate for several people.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b7f141236b3079c3",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "a tap can only sell the full single fare",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69184c1565bc2dc1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "STIB's ticket list ties bank-card payment to the standard single journey and its daily maximum.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-add9bc1473bd8ea1",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "64% of one-way tickets moved contactless",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9a0fa8b258307b53"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The report gives the contactless share of single-journey tickets.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-752d480b599dc2f6",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "while pass holders stayed on MOBIB",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-69184c1565bc2dc1"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Season tickets are listed on MOBIB cards, so a pass cannot move to a bank card.",
      "caveat": "The ticket rules make the split inevitable; STIB publishes no figure for how many pass holders also tap a bank card.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-a12ec3bea13979e4",
      "title": "STIB press release (11 Jul 2024) — 'Près de 60% des voyageurs paient sans contact'",
      "url": "https://stib.prezly.com/pres-de-60-des-voyageurs-de-la-stib-paient-leur-ticket-dun-voyage-sans-contact",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "stib.prezly.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-d606ae100c23b5c2",
       "clm-4b82daae8c8e8ea9",
       "clm-01aacdb615e01eab"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-07-11",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-03",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "STIB press release: contactless launched on 1 July 2020, 'in the wake of' London, Paris and Milan (STIB's own framing); share of single-journey tickets sold contactless rose from 35% in 2021 to 47% in 2022 and 57% in May 2024; 9.9 million contactless transactions in 2023. Fare figures in this release (EUR 2.10 / EUR 7.50 daily) are the 2024 tariff.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-179b3643607a10b1",
      "title": "STIB-MIVB — official contactless payment page",
      "url": "https://www.stib-mivb.be/article.html?l=fr&_guid=a0faf6a3-4e98-3810-4da8-80cff5834093",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "stib-mivb.be",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-d6e9f3ee79b13786",
       "clm-6560a7401d9b74a6",
       "clm-0bb0a2ad0cf050af",
       "clm-1f7926f44a50f705",
       "clm-5a24dae05e0f7e72"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-06-10",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-03",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Operator page: a single journey costs EUR 2.40, transfers within 60 minutes of the first validation are free, the daily maximum is EUR 8.50 and every trip after the fourth of the day is free; one card or device per passenger; daily and regular riders are pointed to the MOBIB card.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9a0fa8b258307b53",
      "title": "Bruxelles City News (23 Jul 2025) — 40 million contactless journeys",
      "url": "https://bruxelles-city-news.be/mobilite-la-stib-enregistre-40-millions-de-trajets-payes-sans-ticket/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "bruxelles-city-news.be",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-1d36a3b78b3596be",
       "clm-d0b5d205dc6bd93f",
       "clm-add9bc1473bd8ea1"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-07-23",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-03",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Local news report of STIB's figures: 40 million journeys paid contactless since 2020, 3 million validations in the first year and 13 million in the last twelve months, 64% of single-journey tickets paid this way, 65% of contactless validations made with a physical bank card, satisfaction score 8.4/10.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-69184c1565bc2dc1",
      "title": "STIB-MIVB — Annex 'Transport tickets issued by the STIB'",
      "url": "https://www.stib-mivb.be/files/live/sites/STIBMIVB/files/Legal/Transport-Tickets-STIB-MIVB.pdf",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "stib-mivb.be",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "pdf",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-ff61a180410e7dad",
       "clm-097f4470b9be5e06",
       "clm-b7f141236b3079c3",
       "clm-752d480b599dc2f6"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-03",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-04",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "STIB's legal list of the tickets it currently sells. Payment by contactless bank card is listed as a medium only for the single journey, the maximum daily fare and the Airport2City trip; season tickets, reduced-fare products (65+, PRRB, school, social fare) and the multi-operator Brupass tickets are issued on MOBIB cards or other media.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 15,
     "claimsMapped": 15,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}