{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "bristol-heat-network", "title": "Bristol Heat Network — District Heating the Council Built and Sold", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/bristol-heat-network/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-25-bristol-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-25-bristol-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-25T12:00:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-08-25", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 21 claims and 12 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:950ee35088e978924fc34eb247f688bf637b0c5042c00143593e73809d3e6ca9", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-08-25", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:d84c77c758a8325bbb1fb645ad1a7f04e6fb1cf079c8aa6819551c2ec88b4441", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "media", "timeline": { "started": 2016, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Bristol Heat Networks Limited (Vattenfall Heat UK); built and owned by Bristol City Council until January 2023", "actorTypes": [ "utility" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "Bristol City Council borrowing and connection fees plus UK government grants (Heat Network Investment Project, Green Heat Network Fund); expansion capital from Vattenfall under Bristol City Leap", "cost": "≈£53.3m of council capital at the point of transfer", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-71b1af9fe992cc29", "field": "snippet", "text": "Bristol City Council built district heating in Redcliffe, Old Market, Bedminster and Temple", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9ab2616110bfcb8", "src-0309a58a9fef45db" ], "supportNote": "Bristol City Leap names the areas: 'Vattenfall has nine heat network areas planned for Bristol and is currently serving customers in Redcliffe, Old Market, Bedminster and Temple.' Triple Point, the delivery body for the government's Heat Network Investment Project, names Bristol City Council as the funding beneficiary that built and extended the Redcliffe network.", "caveat": "The four areas are separate networks rather than one connected system; a 2026 Green Heat Network Fund award is intended to join Temple, Old Market and Redcliffe together.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ccffe7d34f36e3b2", "field": "snippet", "text": "completing the original Redcliffe network in 2016", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-0309a58a9fef45db" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'The original network was completed in 2016', on the HNIP delivery body's page describing the later £3.6m extension award to Bristol City Council.", "caveat": "This is the completion of the first network, not the date the council's wider heat network programme began; a contractor's site puts a first phase of 700 social housing properties on biomass boilers at the same date, which I did not corroborate independently.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-23a64cdd9ee49ce9", "field": "snippet", "text": "placed the assets in a company incorporated in October 2018 as Energy Service Bristol Limited", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-32334859c56d213d" ], "supportNote": "The statutory register gives incorporation as 31 October 2018 and the previous name 'ENERGY SERVICE BRISTOL LIMITED' held from 31 Oct 2018 to 18 Aug 2020, with SIC code 35300 'Steam and air conditioning supply'.", "caveat": "The register records the company's formation and renaming; it does not itself record the date on which the physical heat assets were transferred into it.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-740e6873c0833434", "field": "snippet", "text": "Its energy centres include a 3MW water source heat pump at Castle Park that draws heat from Bristol's Floating Harbour", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-52a7fb2f5c71fd3b", "src-d9ab2616110bfcb8" ], "supportNote": "The builder's case study describes a '3MW water source heat pump' taking water from the nearby floating harbour and lifting it to 70–80°C for the Bristol heat network; Bristol City Leap describes the same plant at Castle Park Energy Centre generating 3MW of low carbon heat.", "caveat": "The two sources disagree on how much it heats — the contractor says it 'contributes to heating 1,000 homes and businesses', Bristol City Leap says it provides heat to 2,500 homes — so no homes figure is stated here.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-7becb12caef83b2c", "field": "snippet", "text": "the company passed to Vattenfall Heat UK on 4 January 2023", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-21346713e1d50464" ], "supportNote": "The persons-with-significant-control record shows Vattenfall Heat Uk Limited notified on 4 January 2023 with 'Ownership of shares – 75% or more', 'Ownership of voting rights - 75% or more' and the 'Right to appoint or remove directors', and Bristol Holding Limited ceasing on the same day.", "caveat": "The register records the date control was notified, which is the date the beneficial ownership changed; the wider Bristol City Leap partnership was announced earlier.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5a0269c66bd3f82c", "field": "snippet", "text": "under the Bristol City Leap partnership", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-4e226a46f9f355e4" ], "supportNote": "The operator describes a 'twenty-year partnership between Bristol City Council, Ameresco and Vattenfall' that 'will enable the delivery of at least £1 billion of investment into Bristol's energy system', with the heat network as Vattenfall's part of it.", "caveat": "Bristol City Leap is a separate and much broader programme; only the heat network's ownership passing to Vattenfall is claimed here.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-64b087de7a9a7650", "field": "snippet", "text": "the reported buyer for the next sale is the London private equity firm Reinova Capital", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-02c8c58150fb1434" ], "supportNote": "City AM reports Vattenfall selling 'three of its heat network businesses to London-based Reinova Capital', naming Bristol Heat Networks among them. The word 'reported' is doing real work: Vattenfall itself would confirm only that its ownership assessment, begun in March 2025, 'is ongoing'.", "caveat": "Not confirmed by the seller, and the register still showed Vattenfall Heat UK in control when checked. Sources also disagree on when Reinova Capital was founded — City AM says 2024, the local reporting says 2025 — so no founding year is stated.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e09c00417a1f3eab", "field": "snippet", "text": "the council consented to the change of ownership on 30 July 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220" ], "supportNote": "The report states that Bristol City Council approved the sale on 30 July 2026, linking to the decision, and gives the call-in window verbatim: 'The decision can be called in until Thursday 6 August.' The council's power to consent is its special share, described as 'the council's right to approve a change of ownership'.", "caveat": "Single-sourced to self-published local journalism; the council's own decision paper could not be reached. The find string is the call-in sentence because the sentence carrying the approval date is not reproduced verbatim in a form I could copy.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-062e79f46b894dbe", "field": "impact", "text": "The network serves almost 6,000 customers across 35 buildings", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'The Bristol heat network serves almost 6,000 customers across 35 buildings in Redcliffe, Old Market, Bedminster and Temple'.", "caveat": "Single-sourced. Note the arithmetic tension the source itself carries: almost 6,000 customers in 35 buildings means the customers counted are dwellings and businesses inside the blocks, while the metered supply contract sits at the building.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4620a389250eab70", "field": "impact", "text": "heat is metered at each building's substation rather than inside the flat", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-17ef1a6cb720b05c" ], "supportNote": "The operator's Bristol FAQ describes the variable part of the charge as 'metered at the building's substation', with the substation located in the basement or on the ground floor of the connected building.", "caveat": "The operator's national customer pages describe a heat meter inside the home for direct customers; those apply where Vattenfall supplies households directly, which it says it does not do in Bristol.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-af45ce590a291075", "field": "impact", "text": "the building is the customer, the households behind the meter are not", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-17ef1a6cb720b05c", "src-d9ab2616110bfcb8" ], "supportNote": "The FAQ states that supply runs to the building boundary as a bulk supply connection and that the heat exchange 'marks the point of ownership for bulk supply connections'. Bristol City Leap states that Vattenfall does not currently have direct customers in Bristol, which is the same fact seen from the other end.", "caveat": "A description of the contractual boundary, not of who ultimately pays; residents pay through their landlord or managing agent, and neither source states how that onward charge is set.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bb8a1726ca510f20", "field": "impact", "text": "none of them can switch supplier", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'None of them can switch.' The report adds 'One pipe, one supplier, no alternative.' — a description of the physical monopoly rather than of a contractual restriction.", "caveat": "Single-sourced, though it follows from the network's construction: there is no competing heat main to move to.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3d5d75013dc48edf", "field": "impact", "text": "Bristol City Leap puts the network at the equivalent of over 13,000 homes", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9ab2616110bfcb8" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'The Bristol heat network currently supplies the equivalent of over 13,000 homes with heating and hot water.'", "caveat": "A homes-equivalent conversion of heat load, not a count of households. A separate operator page gives 11,500 homes-equivalent 'committed', which is a pipeline figure again different from both.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2cd81773b5241659", "field": "impact", "text": "a March 2026 policy paper from the University of Bath's Brunel Centre puts it at 6,500", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-1c37e567e93fe4c2" ], "supportNote": "The policy insight, published 19 March 2026, states the network 'currently supplies the equivalent of 6,500 homes, with goals to reach 12,000 by 2030'.", "caveat": "The paper draws on an interview with Vattenfall's own business development director, so this is not an independent measurement of the network — it is a second operator-derived figure that disagrees with the first.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6f959382e65daaa7", "field": "impact", "text": "puts 2024 heat sales at £3.1m", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'In 2024, it sold £3.1m of heat and spent £4.3m producing it.' The underlying accounts to 31 December 2024 are confirmed as filed on the Companies House register.", "caveat": "One journalist's reading of the filed accounts; I confirmed the accounts exist on the register but did not open them, which is why the entry attributes the figure rather than asserting it.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-14356fc183c0b51a", "field": "impact", "text": "production costs of £4.3m", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220" ], "supportNote": "Same sentence: 'In 2024, it sold £3.1m of heat and spent £4.3m producing it.'", "caveat": "Same single source and same limitation as the revenue figure.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-57a749b8b3a904ea", "field": "impact", "text": "losses since 2023 at £12.3m", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'losses since 2023 total £12.3m', reported alongside a loss for 2024 of £6.7m after a £2.2m tax credit.", "caveat": "Single-sourced. 2023 is also the year ownership changed, so the cumulative figure covers the network's life under Vattenfall rather than its whole life.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1e7dd443996e3919", "field": "lesson", "text": "Bristol's passed out of council ownership in January 2023 and is changing hands again", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-21346713e1d50464", "src-02c8c58150fb1434" ], "supportNote": "The register shows Bristol Holding Limited ceasing as controlling party and Vattenfall Heat Uk Limited being notified on 4 January 2023; City AM reports the onward sale of the same company to Reinova Capital.", "caveat": "'Changing hands again' describes an agreed and council-consented transaction, not a completed one — the register still showed Vattenfall Heat UK in control when checked.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bad4b9b0e645bd9e", "field": "lesson", "text": "the households it heats cannot switch", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'None of them can switch. One pipe, one supplier, no alternative.'", "caveat": "Single-sourced, but a statement about physical connection rather than contract terms.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f0fbd967daf31853", "field": "lesson", "text": "Vattenfall is not registered with Heat Trust in Bristol and gives the reason that registration requires direct customers, which it does not have here", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d9ab2616110bfcb8" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim: 'To formally register a heat network with Heat Trust requires direct customers, which Vattenfall doesn't currently have in Bristol.' The same page states that Vattenfall's service standards meet those of Heat Trust for bulk supply customers.", "caveat": "Heat Trust is a voluntary consumer-protection scheme, so non-registration is not a breach of anything; the point is that the voluntary protection and the bulk-supply structure are linked.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-49e3f2a4c8c481ad", "field": "lesson", "text": "A statutory regulator arrived only on 27 January 2026, when Ofgem's first consumer protection rules for heat networks took effect", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6986394f5bef77aa" ], "supportNote": "Ofgem's own notice states: 'On 27 January 2026, new consumer protection rules will be formally launched to allow Ofgem to begin regulating heat networks in Great Britain.'", "caveat": "Regulation is phased: the January 2026 date is when the first authorisation conditions took effect, not when the full framework is in force. Bristol City Leap's own page still said the regime was 'set to formally start in 2025' when read.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-32334859c56d213d", "title": "Companies House — BRISTOL HEAT NETWORKS LIMITED (11652156)", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11652156", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-23a64cdd9ee49ce9" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Statutory register. Incorporated 31 October 2018 under the previous name ENERGY SERVICE BRISTOL LIMITED, held until 18 Aug 2020; status Active; SIC 35300 \"Steam and air conditioning supply\"; registered office now 5th Floor 70 St. Mary Axe, London EC3A 8BE — Vattenfall's UK address, not a Bristol one. Last accounts made up to 31 December 2024.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-21346713e1d50464", "title": "Companies House — persons with significant control, Bristol Heat Networks Limited", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11652156/persons-with-significant-control", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-7becb12caef83b2c", "clm-1e7dd443996e3919" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The ownership chain in the primary register: Bristol City Council notified 31 October 2018, ceased 17 August 2020; Bristol Holding Limited notified 17 August 2020, ceased 4 January 2023; Vattenfall Heat Uk Limited notified 4 January 2023 with \"Ownership of shares – 75% or more\", \"Ownership of voting rights - 75% or more\" and \"Right to appoint or remove directors\". Still the active entry when read, so the onward sale is not shown as completed.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-0309a58a9fef45db", "title": "Triple Point Heat Networks — Bristol Redcliffe Network (HNIP delivery body)", "url": "https://tp-heatnetworks.org/bristol-redcliffe-network/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "tp-heatnetworks.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-71b1af9fe992cc29", "clm-ccffe7d34f36e3b2" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2020-05-27", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Delivery body for the UK government's Heat Network Investment Project. States \"The original network was completed in 2016\" and that Bristol City Council was awarded £3.6m to extend it and build an additional energy centre. Funder documentation of its own grant, so not an independent evaluation.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d9ab2616110bfcb8", "title": "Bristol City Leap — Heat Networks (partnership site)", "url": "https://www.bristolcityleap.co.uk/heat-networks/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "bristolcityleap.co.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-71b1af9fe992cc29", "clm-740e6873c0833434", "clm-af45ce590a291075", "clm-3d5d75013dc48edf", "clm-f0fbd967daf31853" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Names the four areas served and nine planned network areas; states \"The Bristol heat network currently supplies the equivalent of over 13,000 homes with heating and hot water\"; explains that \"To formally register a heat network with Heat Trust requires direct customers, which Vattenfall doesn't currently have in Bristol.\" Its regulation line — Ofgem \"is set to formally start in 2025\" — was already out of date when read; the rules started on 27 January 2026.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-17ef1a6cb720b05c", "title": "Vattenfall Heat UK — Bristol heat network connection FAQ (operator)", "url": "https://heat.vattenfall.co.uk/where-we-are/bristol/bristol-heat-network-connection-faq/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "heat.vattenfall.co.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4620a389250eab70", "clm-af45ce590a291075" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Sets the metering boundary: supply runs to the building boundary as a bulk supply connection, the heat exchange \"marks the point of ownership for bulk supply connections\", and the variable part of the charge is \"metered at the building's substation\". Heat Interface Units are described for direct customers, which the operator says it does not have in Bristol.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-4e226a46f9f355e4", "title": "Vattenfall Heat UK — Bristol (operator)", "url": "https://heat.vattenfall.co.uk/where-we-are/bristol/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "heat.vattenfall.co.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-5a0269c66bd3f82c" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Describes the \"twenty-year partnership between Bristol City Council, Ameresco and Vattenfall\", a pledge to \"invest £475 million by 2030 to expand the heat network and provide heating and hot water to the equivalent of 12,000 homes\", and the Castle Park heat pump serving 2,500 homes. A second operator page states 11,500 homes-equivalent \"committed\" — a pipeline figure, not a connection count.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-52a7fb2f5c71fd3b", "title": "Vital Energi — Castle Park Water Source Heat Pump Project (contractor)", "url": "https://www.vitalenergi.co.uk/case-studies/castle-park-heat-pump-project/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "vitalenergi.co.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-740e6873c0833434" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Builder's own case study: a \"3MW water source heat pump\" drawing from the floating harbour, lifting temperature to 70–80°C, with a thermal store and backup gas boilers, quoted at \"a COP of 3.18\" and delivering about 80% of the energy centre's heat. Contractor material, so media grade at best. It says the pump \"contributes to heating 1,000 homes and businesses\", against Bristol City Leap's 2,500 — an unreconciled conflict.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-02c8c58150fb1434", "title": "City AM — Vattenfall's UK energy assets poised to be snapped up by private equity firm", "url": "https://www.cityam.com/vattenfalls-uk-energy-assets-poised-to-be-snapped-up-by-private-equity-firm/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "cityam.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-64b087de7a9a7650", "clm-1e7dd443996e3919" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-05-20", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports Vattenfall selling \"three of its heat network businesses to London-based Reinova Capital\" — Bristol Heat Networks, Midlothian Energy and Vattenfall Brent Cross — at a price \"estimated at hundreds of millions\". Vattenfall itself would say only that it \"began an ownership assessment of its UK district heating business in March 2025, and that assessment is ongoing\", so the buyer is reported rather than confirmed by the seller.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d9acfdb0c1a7d220", "title": "Joanna Booth — local reporting on the council's decision papers", "url": "https://joannab.substack.com/p/nearly-6000-bristol-households-and", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "joannab.substack.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e09c00417a1f3eab", "clm-062e79f46b894dbe", "clm-bb8a1726ca510f20", "clm-6f959382e65daaa7", "clm-14356fc183c0b51a", "clm-57a749b8b3a904ea", "clm-bad4b9b0e645bd9e" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-07-31", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Self-published local journalism working from Bristol City Council's decision papers and the company's filed accounts. Carries \"The Bristol heat network serves almost 6,000 customers across 35 buildings in Redcliffe, Old Market, Bedminster and Temple\"; \"None of them can switch.\"; the council's £53.3m capital budget at transfer (£22.7m borrowed, £22.5m government grants, £8.2m connection fees); the 2024 accounts figures; the special share as \"the council's right to approve a change of ownership\"; a new £31m cap on what the council can recover under Ameresco's parent company guarantee; and a going-concern warning from the company's auditors. Single-sourced for the financial figures.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2fffa448333b0d45", "title": "BBC News — Bristol heat networks sale price 'undervalued' says councillor", "url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-62153832", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "bbc.co.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports the council valuing the networks at £20m on book value ahead of the transfer to Vattenfall, with the opposition finance spokesman Cllr Geoff Gollop arguing that book value is \"not a normal accounting metric\" and that \"The published figure almost certainly represents an undervaluation\". The page could not be read from here — the BBC blocks automated fetching on both bbc.co.uk and bbc.com — so its content was established through search results only and no date is recorded.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-1c37e567e93fe4c2", "title": "The Brunel Centre, University of Bath — Bringing decarbonisation home: Bristol's heat network", "url": "https://www.thebrunelcentre.co.uk/research/bringing-decarbonisation-home-bristols-heat-network", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thebrunelcentre.co.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2cd81773b5241659" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-19", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Policy insight by Finlay Perry drawing on an interview with Vattenfall's business development director. States the network \"currently supplies the equivalent of 6,500 homes, with goals to reach 12,000 by 2030\" — roughly half the figure the operator's own partnership site gives. Also gives the electricity-to-gas price ratio as 1:4.7 as of January 2026, the structural obstacle to electrifying heat.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-6986394f5bef77aa", "title": "Ofgem — Countdown to the launch of new regulatory rules for heat networks", "url": "https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/blog/countdown-launch-new-regulatory-rules-heat-networks", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "ofgem.gov.uk", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-49e3f2a4c8c481ad" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-01-06", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-25", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-25", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The regulator's own notice: \"On 27 January 2026, new consumer protection rules will be formally launched to allow Ofgem to begin regulating heat networks in Great Britain.\" Before that date heat network customers in Great Britain had no statutory energy regulator.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 21, "claimsMapped": 21, "sourcesTotal": 12, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 11, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 5, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }