{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "bergen-bossnett",
  "title": "Bossnett - Underground Vacuum Waste Collection",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/bergen-bossnett/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T21:01:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-19",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 11 claims and 4 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:8a93af9f6b069c052be1e45ca37c43304a2d19517e9cf78cd8cf2608422bab67",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-07-19",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:56f4808133608563d2e02a69b09b721cfbabc2660e9b97116f356e9c1e7303cf",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "BIR (Bergensområdets Interkommunale Renovasjonsselskap)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "utility",
     "fundingDescription": "BIR (inter-municipal waste utility, owned by Bergen + ~9 Vestland municipalities)",
     "cost": "≈NOK 1.05–1.5bn full build-out (2008/2013 estimates, not independently confirmed; a NOK 183.6M contract covered the 2023 Nygårdstangen terminal + BIR HQ alone)",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-d27338fcea264dcf",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Bergen's historic center runs waste through buried pipes",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf0565b96414e2eb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "BIR's own service page describes exactly this mechanism: each street inlet sits over a collection tank, and when the tank is full \"blir avfallet fraktet med luft gjennom et rørsystem under bakken til store containere i én av våre to terminaler\" (\"the waste is carried by air through a pipe system under the ground to large containers in one of our two terminals\").",
      "caveat": "BIR describes an underground pipe system but never says what the pipes are made of.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ebea2994f9c5d9fc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "instead of trucks",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-bf0565b96414e2eb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "BIR: \"Nedkastene erstatter de tradisjonelle bosspannene og frigjør plass i gater og på fortau. Samtidig reduseres tungtrafikken i sentrum.\" (\"The inlets replace the traditional waste bins and free up space in streets and on pavements. At the same time heavy traffic in the centre is reduced.\")",
      "caveat": "BIR says heavy traffic in the centre is reduced, not that collection vehicles are gone: lorries still move the containers on from the two terminals, and streets outside the network keep their bins.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-218baccb8a8e8daa",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Built by Envac for municipal utility BIR",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-67e94cfefffa1c12"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The contractor's release states: \"BIR launched the project in 2008, with Envac as the primary contractor.\" The same page describes the October 2023 terminal opening as launched jointly by \"the Bergen Municipality, BIR and Envac\", and names BIR Infrastruktur AS as the company that \"manages waste for over 383,000 inhabitants in ten municipalities\".",
      "caveat": "This is the contractor's own account of its role; BIR's service page does not name Envac.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-df26d9d0e96a6572",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "running since 2015",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0e863a992c9ae007"
      ],
      "supportNote": "BIR's on-record reply in the paper dates the service to 2015 — \"Siden 2015 har mer enn 10 000 kunder fått tilgang til bossnettet\" (\"Since 2015 more than 10,000 customers have gained access to the bossnett\") — and the article's photo caption shows construction under way that year: \"Anleggsabeid for bossug i Chr. Michelsensgate / Strandgaten i 2015.\"",
      "caveat": "The source gives the year 2015 and nothing narrower; no source listed on this entry names an opening month.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-d1b4effa711b6d22",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "still expanding neighbourhood by neighbourhood",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-67e94cfefffa1c12"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The October 2023 release announces a further stage: the system is \"now operational in the neighbourhoods of Marken, Nordre, Grønnevollen and Veversmauet\", after the new Nygårdstangen terminal of the green phase opened on 4 October.",
      "caveat": "The most recent expansion named by any source on this entry is that of October 2023, and it is the contractor who names it; the sources here do not say what has been connected since.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-721202b97b320b79",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "BIR said in late 2024 that more than 10,000 customers had gained access since 2015",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0e863a992c9ae007"
      ],
      "supportNote": "BIR's reply in the paper says: \"Siden 2015 har mer enn 10 000 kunder fått tilgang til bossnettet\" (\"Since 2015 more than 10,000 customers have gained access to the bossnett\").",
      "caveat": "Two things differ from the passage. BIR counts customers who have gained access, not properties; and the statement was published on 26 November 2024, so it sets no milestone in 2018 or 2019 — it is the figure the operator was still giving nine years after the launch.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-528a6785f0a92030",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the contractor puts the figure at more than 30,000 households on completion",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-67e94cfefffa1c12"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The contractor writes that the Bergen system will connect \"more than 30,000 households on completion\".",
      "caveat": "The figure is the contractor's, it counts households rather than properties, and neither it nor any other source on this entry names a completion date.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8faf2220b59ed264",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "BIR reported more than 10,000 customer properties connected since the 2015 launch",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0e863a992c9ae007"
      ],
      "supportNote": "BIR, replying on the record to a critical reader's letter: \"Siden 2015 har mer enn 10 000 kunder fått tilgang til bossnettet\" (\"Since 2015 more than 10,000 customers have gained access to the bossnett\").",
      "caveat": "The unit BIR uses is customers with access, not connected properties, and the count is the operator's own; no independent tally of connections is published.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-80e50269e4527b92",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "with close to 100% system availability",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0e863a992c9ae007"
      ],
      "supportNote": "In the same reply BIR writes: \"Siden oppstarten har bossnettet hatt nær 100 prosent tilgjengelighet, og vi har hatt få feil som påvirker brukerne i stor grad\" (\"Since start-up the bossnett has had close to 100 per cent availability, and we have had few faults that seriously affect users\").",
      "caveat": "This is the operator's own figure, offered in a debate about the network's cost and lifespan. BIR does not say how availability is measured or over what period, and no regulator or auditor publishes a check on it.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-954085366015a49b",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "(BIR statement to Bergens Avis, 26 November 2024)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0e863a992c9ae007"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The figures are indeed BIR's own words, printed under the signature \"Vennlig hilsen BIR\" as the operator's answer in the paper's Summetonen debate column.",
      "caveat": "The date is wrong: the column carrying BIR's statement was published on 26 November 2024 (\"Publisert: 26.11.24 09:00\"), not in 2018 or 2019.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5d6a263d8f5af30f",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "No independently verified emissions or truck-trip reduction figure exists for Bergen specifically.",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-0e863a992c9ae007"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The strongest environmental statement anywhere in this entry's sources is BIR's own, and it carries no number: the network \"bidrar til stor reduksjon i utslipp fra tunge renovasjonskjøretøy\" (\"contributes to a large reduction in emissions from heavy waste vehicles\"). BIR's service page likewise says only that heavy traffic in the centre is reduced.",
      "caveat": "An absence cannot be proved from four sources. What this records is that none of the sources on this entry offers a measured emissions or truck-trip figure, and that the only claim of a reduction is the operator's, unquantified.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-bf0565b96414e2eb",
      "title": "BIR (operator)",
      "url": "https://bir.no/bli-kvitt-boss/bossnettet-i-bergen-sentrum/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "bir.no",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-d27338fcea264dcf",
       "clm-ebea2994f9c5d9fc"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Official operator page describing the current network and drop-off points.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-418a11e7e7d47022",
      "title": "Bergen kommune (authority)",
      "url": "https://www.bergen.kommune.no/hvaskjer/bymiljo/na-er-hele-det-bla-bossnettet-ferdigstilt",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "bergen.kommune.no",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Municipal announcement confirming Blue network completion.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-67e94cfefffa1c12",
      "title": "Envac (vendor)",
      "url": "https://www.envacgroup.com/news/the-next-phase-of-advanced-automated-waste-collection-in-bergen-norway/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "envacgroup.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-218baccb8a8e8daa",
       "clm-d1b4effa711b6d22",
       "clm-528a6785f0a92030"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2023-10-06",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Vendor account of the 2023 Green network / Nygårdstangen terminal opening - used only for dates, not impact claims.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-0e863a992c9ae007",
      "title": "Bergens Avis (independent press)",
      "url": "https://www.ba.no/summetoner-om-bossug-bergen-nyheter-og-kallenavn/o/5-8-2828299",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ba.no",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-df26d9d0e96a6572",
       "clm-721202b97b320b79",
       "clm-8faf2220b59ed264",
       "clm-80e50269e4527b92",
       "clm-954085366015a49b",
       "clm-5d6a263d8f5af30f"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2024-11-26",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-19",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Independent debate piece with named critic and BIR's on-record response, source of the 10,000-customer/near-100%-availability figures.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 11,
     "claimsMapped": 11,
     "sourcesTotal": 4,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}