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  "title": "Beijing Electronic Roadside Parking Charges",
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      "text": "using cameras mounted high on poles that read plates as a car arrives and leaves, backed by geomagnetic sensors and video posts",
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      "text": "a parking specialist's analysis identifies the mechanism — cash handed to attendants made it easy for attendants and companies to under-declare revenue",
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      "text": "498 roads and more than 50,000 spaces by the end of 2019, but signage posted on under half of some roads, faulty equipment left unmaintained, and attendants still taking cash on some roads",
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      "text": "a legible transaction could be moved from a private concessionaire's pocket into a district treasury as non-tax revenue",
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 12,
     "claimsMapped": 12,
     "sourcesTotal": 9,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 8,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 8,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
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  },
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   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T13:24:00Z",
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   "summary": "Record verbatim locators for the payment and arrears windows and separate what each source carries.",
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     "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record."
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     "operator": "Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport with district parking management departments",
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     {
      "id": "clm-d02af70baaab2b4d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Beijing's 2018 parking regulation ordered all on-street parking to be charged electronically, ending cash payments to kerbside attendants",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The district government's FAQ cites Article 39 of the Beijing Motor Vehicle Parking Regulation and states the aim of preventing arbitrary charging and haggling under manual collection.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b6cd55de0ebf23cd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The switch rolled out district by district from January 2019 — Dongcheng, Xicheng and Tongzhou first, the rest by December",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "China Daily, 2 July 2019, gives the phase dates and districts, with 13,800 spaces in the first phase and 24,000 in the second.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-b9a2920c4daeea07",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "using cameras mounted high on poles that read plates as a car arrives and leaves, backed by geomagnetic sensors and video posts",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "China City News, 24 June 2019, describes the high-position video equipment on poles four to six metres high covering eight to twelve spaces each, and reports early plate-recognition errors.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Drivers pay through the Beijing Traffic app or bank channels within 30 days, and the money now goes to district treasuries as government non-tax revenue rather than to private concession operators",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "Verbatim from the city's Q&A: '缴费期限为车辆驶离停车位之日起30日内。停车人通过“北京交通”APP或市交通主管部门授权开展道路停车费缴费服务的银行网点等线上、线下渠道缴纳道路停车费' - payment is due within 30 days of leaving the space, through the Beijing Traffic app or authorised bank channels. The ITDP review is the source for the receipts going to district treasuries as non-tax revenue.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-17e4ec1047c68446",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Reviewers have documented plate misreads, missing signage and unmaintained equipment",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "China City News reports early plate-recognition errors; The Paper's think-tank assessment documents signage posted on under half of some roads, faulty unmaintained equipment, and attendants still taking cash on some roads.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-ec9a9b91d76e1033",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "By December 2021 the city put 1,031 roads and 89,900 on-street spaces under electronic charging, from 13,800 spaces in the first phase and 24,000 in the second during 2019",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Beijing News, 21 December 2021, carries the coverage figure of 1,031 roads and 89,900 spaces; China Daily gives 13,800 spaces in the first 2019 phase and 24,000 in the second.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-b3f1b84657be0f9d",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Enforcement rests on a 45-day arrears window, a 100-yuan fine and 300 to 800 yuan for serious cases",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The city's Q&A states the arrears window verbatim: '缴费期满后45天为补缴期限，欠费停车人应在补缴期内足额补缴道路停车费' - 45 days after the payment deadline to settle arrears. The Beijing News report of 21 December 2021 is the source for the 100-yuan fine and the 300 to 800 yuan band for serious cases.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "an NGO review counts 84,000 paid on-street spaces on over 900 roads in central Beijing and notes that private entities had been running kerbside operations and pocketing the profits",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "ITDP's review, 21 January 2023: 84,000 paid on-street spaces on over 900 roads in central Beijing from 2019, and private entities previously running kerbside operations and pocketing the profits.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-9e9c00de5a6cb862",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "a parking specialist's analysis identifies the mechanism — cash handed to attendants made it easy for attendants and companies to under-declare revenue",
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      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Reinventing Parking, 25 April 2023: cash payments to attendants made it easy for attendants and companies to under-declare revenue, and the city took back the private on-street concessions.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-bb70392ea6d03c0f",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "498 roads and more than 50,000 spaces by the end of 2019, but signage posted on under half of some roads, faulty equipment left unmaintained, and attendants still taking cash on some roads",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-cdfa4dc0804955b1"
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      "supportNote": "The Paper's think-tank assessment: 498 roads and more than 50,000 spaces by the end of 2019, with signage posted on under half of some roads, faulty unmaintained equipment, and attendants still taking cash on some roads.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-94725d857ec56596",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "a legible transaction could be moved from a private concessionaire's pocket into a district treasury as non-tax revenue",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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       "src-77a4ef90e5fa96cd"
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      "supportNote": "ITDP records the previous private kerbside operators pocketing the profits; Reinventing Parking records the city taking back the private on-street concessions after cash collection had made under-declaration easy.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "signs that were never put up, equipment nobody maintained, and attendants who kept taking cash on the roads where nothing had visibly changed",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The Paper's assessment documents all three: signage on under half of some roads, faulty unmaintained equipment, and attendants still taking cash.",
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      "title": "Mentougou District Government — legal basis for electronic road parking charges",
      "url": "https://www.bjmtg.gov.cn/bjmtg/c104994/202502/0b28942a58ba4933b6e82a7d12fd67b8.shtml",
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       "value": "The city's standing question-and-answer page on road parking charges: payment through the Beijing Traffic app or authorised bank channels within 30 days of leaving the space, and a further 45-day window to settle arrears before enforcement. The page carries no publication date.",
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      "title": "China City News (People's Daily) — Beijing introduces electronic parking charges",
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       "value": "24 June 2019. Describes the high-position video equipment (poles 4-6 m high, 8-12 spaces each) and reports early plate-recognition errors.",
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      "title": "The Paper / Minsheng Think Tank — assessment of Beijing's electronic parking reform",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
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      "title": "Beijing News — 45-day arrears window from next year",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
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      },
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      "title": "Reinventing Parking (Paul Barter) — Beijing's escape from parking disaster",
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      "title": "Beijing Daily — Xicheng adds 40 electronically charged kerbside spaces",
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      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "news.bjd.com.cn",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2025-04-01",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-26",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-27",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "1 April 2025 currency check: the district reports its electronic collection equipment running normally since the 2019 reform.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 12,
     "claimsMapped": 12,
     "sourcesTotal": 9,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 8,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 8,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}