{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "barcelona-zbe-rondes", "title": "ZBE Rondes de Barcelona Low Emission Zone", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/barcelona-zbe-rondes/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-20-source-dates", "createdAt": "2026-08-20T19:29:52Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-07-18", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 1 claim and 3 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:9d799986abe4660234f5230c8c5bac4d52e16763062cd915154f528a64c83778", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-07-18", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:be6e02eb6f18ca9c88e59ef0243e61aa0a01c2afa833e64d48d1093f933168f4", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "succeeded", "evidenceGrade": "peer-reviewed", "timeline": { "started": 2020, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona", "actorTypes": [ "regional-government" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": null, "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-77d75adffc25c41d", "field": "impact", "text": "NO2 fell by up to 7.6 µg/m³ (15.8%) at traffic-monitoring stations inside the zone between 2020 and 2022", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2050256fbbaa4db7" ], "supportNote": "The study by ISGlobal, the Barcelona Public Health Agency and IDAEA-CSIC used a synthetic-control method against a modeled no-ZBE scenario.", "caveat": "Effects on PM10 and PM2.5 were small and not robust across analysis methods.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-5e8935e594457122", "title": "Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona / Ajuntament de Barcelona — ZBE Rondes de Barcelona (authority)", "url": "https://www.zbe.barcelona/en/zones-baixes-emissions/la-zbe.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "zbe.barcelona", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2020-01-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-18", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Operator page: launch date, coverage area, municipalities, phased vehicle restrictions, operating hours.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2050256fbbaa4db7", "title": "ISGlobal — press release on peer-reviewed NO2 impact study (research)", "url": "https://www.isglobal.org/-/la-zona-de-bajas-emisiones-de-barcelona-reduce-los-niveles-de-no2", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "isglobal.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-77d75adffc25c41d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2018-07-06", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-18", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Summarizes the Atmospheric Environment: X (2026) synthetic-control study on measured NO2/PM reductions.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d90d4d07568cc716", "title": "Metrópoli Abierta (El Español) — 2026 suspension and reactivation coverage (press)", "url": "https://metropoliabierta.elespanol.com/movilidad/20260315/collboni-reactiva-zona-bajas-emisiones-barcelona-lunes-caos-rodalies/1003742741556_0.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "metropoliabierta.elespanol.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-15", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-18", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-20", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports the March 16, 2026 reinstatement after the Rodalies-crisis suspension that began January 22, 2026.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 1, "claimsMapped": 1, "sourcesTotal": 3, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 1, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } }, { "id": "2026-08-27-p1-quality-uplift", "createdAt": "2026-08-26T23:52:42Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-07-18", "changeType": "update", "summary": "Full claim mapping over snippet, impact and lesson; sourced impact and lesson added; source dates and attributions corrected from the same reading.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "replace", "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint", "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record." }, { "operation": "replace", "path": "/snapshot/claims", "summary": "Updated claims to the current sourced project record." }, { "operation": "replace", "path": "/snapshot/sources", "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:7070868c1ed327ed2e8c0b4c21506ccd1f8fe118b5001acee0a70dee4a12d170", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-07-18", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:69c47b7f4a093e3dfc2b5eaac9892d71f4b59bb884ee1cb019f185050b37f1ae", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "succeeded", "evidenceGrade": "peer-reviewed", "timeline": { "started": 2020, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona", "actorTypes": [ "regional-government" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": null, "cost": null, "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-b7acc1e63aa57dce", "field": "snippet", "text": "across more than 95 km² covering Barcelona and four neighbouring municipalities, enforced since 2020 by automated number-plate cameras backed by a €200 fine", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-5e8935e594457122", "src-d90d4d07568cc716" ], "supportNote": "The authority page sets out the perimeter and the municipalities; Metrópoli Abierta records the decree 'para restablecer las sanciones de 200 euros a los vehículos que circulen por la ciudad sin el distintivo ambiental de la DGT' and lists Barcelona alongside l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Sant Adrià del Besòs and parts of Esplugues de Llobregat.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0a6de0a4fc7fc2ce", "field": "snippet", "text": "On 22 January 2026 the city switched enforcement off to ease travel while the Rodalies commuter railway recovered from a fatal derailment and landslides", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d90d4d07568cc716" ], "supportNote": "Metrópoli Abierta: 'El pasado 22 de enero, Barcelona desactivó la medida para facilitar los desplazamientos mientras se recuperaba progresivamente el servicio de Rodalies tras el descarrilamiento mortal de un tren en Gelida y los numerosos desprendimientos que se produjeron en distintos puntos de la red ferroviaria.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-29abb9864e50eee6", "field": "snippet", "text": "using an article of its own low-emission ordinance that allows the zone to be deactivated in justified cases of general interest", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d90d4d07568cc716" ], "supportNote": "Metrópoli Abierta: 'dando respuesta a la Ordenanza de Bajas Emisiones, que en su artículo 12 abre la puerta a poder desactivar la ZBE en casos de interés general debidamente justificados.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2b28966cc7395f76", "field": "snippet", "text": "restored it on 16 March 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d90d4d07568cc716" ], "supportNote": "Metrópoli Abierta: 'El alcalde Jaume Collboni ha firmado el decreto para reanudar las restricciones en la movilidad a partir del próximo lunes, 16 de marzo.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d6ac795b6ecf94a7", "field": "impact", "text": "associated the zone with a fall of up to 7.6 µg/m³ of NO2 at traffic-monitoring stations between 2020 and 2022 — a reduction of 15.8%", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2050256fbbaa4db7" ], "supportNote": "ISGlobal: 'En el estudio, la introducción de la ZBE se asoció con una disminución de hasta 7,6 µg/m³ de NO₂ en las estaciones de tráfico, lo que equivale a una reducción del 15,8%.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e8b6f52a7ebf54bd", "field": "impact", "text": "The method builds a simulated version of the area without the zone and controls for pandemic activity changes, international regulation and weather", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2050256fbbaa4db7" ], "supportNote": "ISGlobal quotes the first author: 'el método estadístico SC-PI, que permite construir una versión simulada de la zona sin la ZBE, para comparar qué habría pasado si la medida no se hubiera aplicado', and states the model controlled for 'los cambios de actividad durante la pandemia, nuevas regulaciones internacionales o la meteorología'.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-000e08be596a84cc", "field": "impact", "text": "Reductions attributable to the zone in PM10 and PM2.5 were small, around 1 µg/m³, and stopped being significant under some analysis methods, which the authors attribute to much of the particulate load forming in the atmosphere from sources other than the vehicles themselves", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2050256fbbaa4db7" ], "supportNote": "ISGlobal: 'las reducciones atribuibles a la ZBE en PM 10 y PM 2.5 fueron pequeñas (alrededor de 1 µg/m³), y dejaron de ser significativas con algunos métodos de análisis. Esto podría explicarse porque una parte importante de las partículas en suspensión no se emite directamente por los vehículos, sino que se forma en la atmósfera a partir de gases contaminantes procedentes de distintas fuentes.'", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b7cf4b342a905a68", "field": "lesson", "text": "the measured fall is nearly 16%; particulates largely form in the air from other sources, and the same method could not find a robust effect on them", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-2050256fbbaa4db7" ], "supportNote": "The study's NO2 figure is 15.8%; ISGlobal's own headline calls it 'un descenso de casi un 16%', and reports the particulate effects as small and not robust across methods.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-88c264872deac9a5", "field": "lesson", "text": "an article lets the city switch the zone off in a justified case of general interest, and in January 2026 it did, for almost two months, because the commuter railway had stopped working", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d90d4d07568cc716" ], "supportNote": "Metrópoli Abierta: the sanctions were suspended 'durante casi dos meses' under article 12 of the ordinance, after the Rodalies service collapsed.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-5e8935e594457122", "title": "Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona / Ajuntament de Barcelona — ZBE Rondes de Barcelona (authority)", "url": "https://www.zbe.barcelona/en/zones-baixes-emissions/la-zbe.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "zbe.barcelona", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-b7acc1e63aa57dce" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-18", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Operator page: coverage area, municipalities, phased vehicle restrictions and operating hours. Carries no publication date; the 2020 date on the record was the zone's launch, not a publication.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-2050256fbbaa4db7", "title": "ISGlobal — press release on peer-reviewed NO2 impact study (research)", "url": "https://www.isglobal.org/-/la-zona-de-bajas-emisiones-de-barcelona-reduce-los-niveles-de-no2", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "isglobal.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-d6ac795b6ecf94a7", "clm-e8b6f52a7ebf54bd", "clm-000e08be596a84cc", "clm-b7cf4b342a905a68" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-24", "updatedAt": "2026-03-25", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-18", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Research institute's summary of the Atmospheric Environment: X study, dated 24 March 2026: NO2 down by up to 7.6 µg/m³ (15.8%) at traffic stations between 2020 and 2022 under an SC-PI synthetic-control method; PM10 and PM2.5 reductions of around 1 µg/m³ that lose significance under some methods. First author Vanessa N. dos Santos (ISGlobal/UPF).", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d90d4d07568cc716", "title": "Metrópoli Abierta (El Español) — 2026 suspension and reactivation coverage (press)", "url": "https://metropoliabierta.elespanol.com/movilidad/20260315/collboni-reactiva-zona-bajas-emisiones-barcelona-lunes-caos-rodalies/1003742741556_0.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "metropoliabierta.elespanol.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-b7acc1e63aa57dce", "clm-0a6de0a4fc7fc2ce", "clm-29abb9864e50eee6", "clm-2b28966cc7395f76", "clm-88c264872deac9a5" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-15", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-07-18", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-27", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports the mayor's decree restoring the zone on Monday 16 March 2026 and the €200 fine, after enforcement was switched off on 22 January 2026 during the Rodalies collapse; cites article 12 of the low-emission ordinance, which allows deactivation in duly justified cases of general interest.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 9, "claimsMapped": 9, "sourcesTotal": 3, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 3, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }