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      "text": "Bangkok's city government publishes readings from 523 monitoring points, 70 of them fixed stations",
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      "text": "colours every district against the national index tightened in June 2023: orange above 37.5 micrograms, red above 75.1",
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      "supportNote": "Thailand's revised air quality index, announced in the Royal Gazette, lowered the red band to 75.1 micrograms per cubic metre with effect from 1 June 2023.",
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      "text": "On 24 January 2025 the city closed 352 of its 437 schools",
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      "supportNote": "The agency report records 352 of 437 city schools closed on 24 January 2025 — the most in five years, with more than 250 closed the previous day — as PM2.5 reached 108 micrograms per cubic metre.",
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      "text": "trucks not on a pre-registered Green List were barred from nine inner districts",
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      "text": "the national government made trains and buses free for a week for 140 million baht",
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      "text": "a peer-reviewed model traces roughly 30% of the region's haze-season PM2.5 to burning outside Thailand",
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      "supportNote": "The chemical-transport source attribution for the Bangkok metropolitan region puts foreign biomass burning at about 30 per cent, with inflow across the model boundary rising from about 30 per cent in February to around 50 per cent in March and April.",
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      "text": "The city reported that its 23-24 January 2025 low-emission-zone pilot inside the Ratchadaphisek ring road kept 404 trucks a day out of the zone and left PM2.5 15.6% below surrounding areas. Enforcement was thin: 1,547 recorded violations produced 28 fines",
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      "supportNote": "The plan presented on 19 December 2025 for 50 districts carries the pilot results: 404 fewer trucks a day, 15.6 per cent lower PM2.5, 1,547 violations and 28 fines, alongside 57,936 Green List registrations and the trigger thresholds and ventilation-rate condition.",
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      "text": "Bangkok can close its own schools outright and, borrowing disaster-law powers, turn lorries back, but it can only ask employers to send staff home, and it cannot reach the burning upwind",
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       "value": "Chemical-transport source attribution for the Bangkok metropolitan region: foreign biomass burning contributes about 30%, and inflow across the model boundary rises from about 30% in February to around 50% in March and April. A separate study using the same model family finds domestic industry and transport dominant, so the figure is attributed to this model rather than asserted.",
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