{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "bangalore-namma-yatri",
  "title": "Namma Yatri Zero-Commission Ride Hailing",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/bangalore-namma-yatri/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-28-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-28-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-27T00:31:45Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-07-26",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 10 claims and 6 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
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    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
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    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:dee3618981919bdeb104cf82b2d527b5ce061b502fbc3b0258ee099cf9415a78",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
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      "publication-diff-contract",
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      "source-reference-resolution",
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     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2022,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Moving Tech Innovations (incubated by Juspay), with the Auto Rickshaw Drivers Union as launch partner",
     "actorTypes": [
      "private",
      "civil-society"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "private",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-13880ebc3fbb356b",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Launched in Bengaluru in November 2022 by fintech firm Juspay in consultation with the city's auto-rickshaw drivers' union, Namma Yatri takes no cut of the fare: riders pay drivers directly",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
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      "supportNote": "Rest of World confirms the November 2022 launch, Juspay as the builder, consultation with the Auto Rickshaw Drivers Union, and that riders pay drivers directly with no commission taken.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Since September 2023 drivers pay a flat subscription instead, 25 rupees a day or 3.50 rupees a ride",
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      "supportNote": "Inc42 dates the end of the fully free model to subscription charges from 1 September 2023; Rest of World describes the subscription model.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "text": "The code is open source under AGPL-3.0",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The operator reports 100 million rides and about 1,600 crore rupees paid directly to more than 600,000 drivers by June 2025, roughly 85 million of those rides in Bengaluru",
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      "supportNote": "Business Standard, 6 June 2025: over 100 million rides, over 1,600 crore rupees for more than 600,000 drivers, nearly 85 million trips in Bengaluru — operator-reported figures relayed by the press.",
      "caveat": "Operator-reported and relayed by the press; no independent audit of the ride or payout totals has been published.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "at 10 million registered users in January 2025, 86.78% of trips were still in this one city",
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      "supportNote": "Outlook Business, 18 January 2025: 10 million registered users, 74.9 million trips, and 86.78% of trips in Bengaluru.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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      "text": "The fully free model ended on 1 September 2023, when drivers began paying a flat subscription, and drivers who had backed it were wary of what a fee once introduced might become",
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      "supportNote": "Inc42 dates the subscription charges to 1 September 2023 and records mixed driver reaction despite the union's initial support; Rest of World records drivers wary of future fee rises.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The same reporting records drivers finding the company opaque about its own earnings, and a net loss between November 2023 and March 2024",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Rest of World reports drivers who find the company opaque about its own earnings and a net loss between November 2023 and March 2024.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Namma Yatri's flat subscription is still radically cheaper than a percentage cut, and the drivers' union was in the room when it was built",
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      "supportNote": "Rest of World records the union's involvement from the start and the flat subscription that replaced the free model; Inc42 records the union's initial support and the drivers' subsequent unease.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the code is published under a copyleft licence, and the app runs on an open network rather than a private one",
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      "supportNote": "The repository publishes the platform under AGPL-3.0, a copyleft licence; TechCrunch confirms it runs on the ONDC network.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "The incumbents copying the zero-commission label are not copying either of those",
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      "supportNote": "Rest of World's subject is precisely that the established platforms have adopted zero-commission or subscription pricing; neither has published its platform or moved onto an open network.",
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      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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    ],
    "sources": [
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      "id": "src-3b5416bbc29a4237",
      "title": "Rest of World — Uber and Ola are copying India's fast-growing ride-hailing app",
      "url": "https://restofworld.org/2025/uber-ola-copy-india-zero-commission-ride-hailing-app/",
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       "value": "Independent reporting, 2025. Confirms the November 2022 launch, Juspay as builder, consultation with the Auto Rickshaw Drivers Union, and the subscription model. Also the counterweight: drivers wary of future fee rises, drivers who find the company opaque about its own earnings, and a net loss between November 2023 and March 2024.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-0223ace54eccd184",
      "title": "Inc42 — Bengaluru auto drivers wary as Namma Yatri plays the subscription card",
      "url": "https://inc42.com/buzz/et-tu-brute-bengaluru-auto-drivers-wary-as-namma-yatri-app-does-an-ola-uber-rapido/",
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      "title": "Business Standard — Namma Yatri hits 100 million rides",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "6 June 2025. Source of the impact figure: over 100 million rides, over 1,600 crore rupees for more than 600,000 drivers, nearly 85 million trips in Bengaluru. Operator-reported numbers relayed by the press.",
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      },
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      "title": "Outlook Business — Namma Yatri tops 1 crore users amid tier 2 and 3 expansion",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
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      },
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     },
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      "title": "TechCrunch — Google backs Indian open source Uber rival Namma Yatri",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "15 July 2024. Pre-Series A round co-led by Blume Ventures and Antler with Google participating; confirms the platform is open source and runs on the ONDC network.",
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      },
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      "title": "nammayatri/nammayatri source code on GitHub",
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       "classification": "not-classified"
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       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Primary evidence for the open source claim: the driver-to-rider platform is published under AGPL-3.0 with active development. A living repository with no publication date.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
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     "claimsTotal": 10,
     "claimsMapped": 10,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 6,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 5,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}