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  "id": "auckland-watercare-smart-meters",
  "title": "Watercare Smart Water Meters: Half-Hourly Readings and Two Billing Faults",
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   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 10 source dossiers.",
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     "timeline": {
      "started": 2022,
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    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Watercare Services Ltd (owned by Auckland Council, a non-financial shareholder since July 2025; monitored by the Commerce Commission as Crown monitor); meters supplied by Landis+Gyr, EDMI and Itron",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "utility",
     "fundingDescription": "Funded in Auckland Council's 2021–2031 long-term plan (RNZ, April 2021); since 1 July 2025 Watercare is financially separate from the council and recovers costs through water charges and its own borrowing",
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    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-6a53f38faa80318d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Watercare, the water utility owned by Auckland Council, began replacing residential mechanical meters with smart meters in April 2022.",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Watercare's April 2022 release says residents would start to have their old mechanical meters replaced that week as the residential rollout began. The Commerce Commission's Crown monitor report records Auckland Council as Watercare's shareholder, a non-financial one since 1 July 2025.",
      "caveat": "Schools and some large customers already had smart meters a few months before the residential start, so April 2022 dates the household rollout, not the first meter.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-4c86acb37b14edfe",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The meters take a reading every half hour and send the data once a day",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Watercare states in 2022 that the meters take readings every half an hour and the data is sent daily; its current meter page repeats that readings are taken every thirty minutes and sent once daily.",
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     {
      "id": "clm-ddce5f585c157512",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "its meter page promises monthly bills on actual use, usage data in its app and notifications of possible leaks",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Watercare's smart meter page lists three benefits: monthly bills based on actual water use, live visibility of monthly, daily and half-hourly use in its app, and quick notification of possible leaks through the app.",
      "caveat": "These are the utility's stated benefits; no source reports how many customers receive leak notifications or monthly actual-use bills.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-cddf34ed43846362",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "In April 2021 a council committee adopted a pathway to smart meters on all homes by about 2034",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "RNZ reports that Auckland Council's Environment and Climate Change committee opted for a water-strategy pathway whose components included all residential properties having smart water meters by about 2034, alongside nearly 80,000 smart meters in the following four years.",
      "caveat": "A target in a strategy, not a commitment by Watercare's board; Watercare said in 2022 it would replace all meters 'over the next decade'.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-fd09fc494f1773c4",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "in June 2026 the supplier Itron announced 100,000 meters towards almost half a million",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Itron's release says Watercare is upgrading existing mechanical meters with 100,000 Itron Intelis wSource digital meters as part of its plan to connect almost half a million smart meters across the Auckland region.",
      "caveat": "Vendor press release; Watercare's own statement of the contract and its timetable was not located.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-2e19db10ddc3c33f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "in June 2025 Watercare told RNZ that around 70,000 of its roughly 500,000 meters were smart",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "RNZ's Checkpoint report states that Watercare has around 500,000 meters and that around 70,000 of them are smart meters.",
      "caveat": "The same report also speaks of 40,000 meters installed since 2022, and a later report gives 40,000 as the count of one model alone; the totals are not reconciled in any source.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-4abeaf98951cfebe",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "two meter models have each produced billing faults",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Newsroom reported in 2023 that Landis+Gyr meters were over-counting on customers' bills; RNZ reported in 2025 that a third of Watercare's 40,000 EDMI meters were faulty, EDMI being one of two smart meter models rolled out since 2022.",
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     {
      "id": "clm-1976990ef419a949",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "in April 2022 it said meter data had flagged a school losing more than 66,000 litres a day",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Watercare's 2022 release says smart meter data allowed it to alert an Auckland primary school to a possible leak, found under volcanic rock and losing more than 66,000 litres a day.",
      "caveat": "A single example reported by the utility, not a measured programme result.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-901e5b88f5ce1740",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "in March 2023 it described a school leak under volcanic rock as losing about 46 litres every minute",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "Watercare's 2023 release on commercial meter loggers describes a school whose use rose from about 6,000 to more than 70,000 litres a day, where a leak under volcanic rock was losing about 46 litres every minute.",
      "caveat": "Neither release says whether the two descriptions refer to the same school; both are the utility's own examples.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "In July 2023 Newsroom reported that 17,000 Landis+Gyr meters had added about six litres a day to customers' bills for nearly a year, $9.85 on average for households, to be refunded.",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "Newsroom reports that 17,000 Landis+Gyr smart meters wrongly added about six litres a day to each customer's bill, that the defect went unnoticed for nearly a year, that households overpaid $9.85 on average, and that Landis+Gyr would refund customers through Watercare credits.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "In 2025 a fault in EDMI meters stopped them sending data while they kept recording, producing zero-use bills followed by catch-up bills",
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      "supportNote": "Watercare's head of retail operations told RNZ the fault means the meter eventually stops sending data but keeps recording water use; affected customers received bills showing zero use, and returning meters to manual reading led to catch-up bills higher than previous months.",
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "by July 2025 Watercare said up to 16,000 of its 40,000 EDMI meters were faulty and 13,672 had been moved to manual reading",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "RNZ reports that Watercare admitted up to 16,000 of its 40,000 EDMI smart meters were faulty and that 13,672 of the faulty meters had been shifted to manual reading, with the rest scheduled to follow.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-d0f43185e43014f6",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The Commerce Commission, reporting as Crown monitor, put Watercare's leakage in the year to June 2025 at 119.2 litres per connection per day, inside the Charter limit of 140",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "supportNote": "The Crown monitor report states that Watercare's leakage in FY25 was 119.2 litres per connection per day and that it met the Charter target of no more than 140; it also notes Watercare did not meet the separate 98.2-litre economic-level-of-leakage target, which it treats as a management tool.",
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "lists water meter data among several leak-management tools without attributing the result to smart meters",
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      "supportNote": "The report says Watercare minimises water loss through its asset plan, by responding to leak notifications, with acoustic leak detection and by using water meter data to monitor and manage losses; it does not discuss the smart meter programme.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "text": "the over-count ran for nearly a year until the supplier disclosed it",
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      "supportNote": "Newsroom reports that the defect went unnoticed for nearly a year and that Landis+Gyr eventually disclosed it to Watercare on 26 June 2023.",
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      "text": "Watercare had known of the EDMI fault since October 2024 while customers kept receiving zero-use bills into 2025, some of whom told RNZ they had raised it themselves",
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      "supportNote": "RNZ reports Watercare said it had known about problems with one meter type since October 2024; customers described zero-use bills from May 2025, and one said Watercare made no effort to contact him and he raised the issue himself. Watercare then said it would start contacting customers proactively.",
      "caveat": "Customer accounts as reported by RNZ; the number of customers who raised the fault themselves is not stated.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "The utilities disputes commissioner could only say he expected water companies to be really proactive with communication, because they take part in his scheme voluntarily; he wants membership made mandatory, as it is for energy companies.",
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      "supportNote": "Utilities Disputes Commissioner Neil Mallon told RNZ he would expect a company with meter issues to be really proactive with communication, that water companies are voluntary participants in the scheme, and that he would like to see them become mandatory, like energy companies.",
      "caveat": "Whether Watercare is a member of the voluntary scheme is not stated in the report.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-8b28a91f630cc6d7",
      "title": "Watercare — Smart water meter rollout begins (7 Apr 2022)",
      "url": "https://www.watercare.co.nz/home/about-us/latest-news-and-media/smart-water-meter-rollout-begins",
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       "value": "Watercare's announcement of the residential rollout: old mechanical meters replaced from that week, a target of 44,000 smart meters by the end of 2022, and a commitment to replace all customers' meters over the next decade. States that the meters take readings every half an hour and send the data daily, that bills would move from two-monthly reads with estimates to monthly actual-use bills, that customers would be alerted to consumption spikes, and that schools and large customers already had smart meters; gives the example of a school leak under volcanic rock losing more than 66,000 litres a day.",
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      "title": "Watercare — Smart meters (customer information page)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Watercare's standing customer page on smart meters. Lists the promised benefits (monthly bills on actual use, half-hourly, daily and monthly usage in the Watercare app, notification of possible leaks), says readings are taken every thirty minutes and sent once daily, and gives reading instructions for three meter models: Landis+Gyr, EDMI and Itron. Shows no publication date.",
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      "title": "Watercare — Rolling out a digital water meter solution to better service commercial properties (21 Mar 2023)",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Watercare's announcement that it had started fitting smart loggers to commercial water meters on Spark's NB-IoT network: 3,300 meters logged and connected, 2,500 more to follow. Describes a school whose use rose from about 6,000 to more than 70,000 litres a day, with a leak under volcanic rock losing about 46 litres a minute.",
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      "title": "RNZ — Auckland smart water meter rollout aims for 80,000 in four years (15 Apr 2021)",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Report on Auckland Council's Environment and Climate Change committee adopting the water-strategy pathway: nearly 80,000 smart meters over four years, all residential properties on smart meters by about 2034, and per-capita use cut by at least 15 percent by 2050. States that about 13 percent of Auckland's water was lost in leaks, with a target of 11 percent or less by 2050, and records councillors' criticism that the targets were too weak or too ambitious.",
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      "id": "src-17fe5285563aed3a",
      "title": "Newsroom — 17,000 homes and businesses overcharged by defective 'smart' water meters (17 Jul 2023)",
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       "value": "Investigation (Jonathan Milne) reporting that 17,000 Landis+Gyr smart meters had added about six litres a day to customers' bills, unnoticed for nearly a year until the supplier disclosed it on 26 June 2023; average overcharge $9.85 for households and $19 for businesses, about $162,000 in total to be refunded; Watercare paused its Landis+Gyr rollout. The page also shows a later update date.",
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      "title": "RNZ — Problems with Auckland's Watercare bills after more than 13,000 smart meters not working (25 Jun 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/565150/problems-with-auckland-s-watercare-bills-after-more-than-13-000-smart-meters-not-working",
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       "value": "Checkpoint report on zero-use bills and catch-up bills: Watercare said more than 13,000 smart meters were not working, that it had known of a problem with one meter type since October 2024, that the fault affected around a third of 40,000 meters installed since 2022, and that it has around 500,000 meters of which around 70,000 are smart. Quotes Watercare on the fault (meters stop sending data but keep recording) and Utilities Disputes on what it expects.",
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      "title": "RNZ — Watercare to contact Auckland customers after 13,000 faulty meters spark billing chaos (27 Jun 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/565357/watercare-to-contact-auckland-customers-after-13-000-faulty-meters-spark-billing-chaos",
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       "value": "Follow-up report: Watercare said a third of its 40,000 EDMI smart meters were faulty, that EDMI was one of two smart meter models rolled out since 2022, that it would start contacting customers proactively, and that it could not yet confirm whether it would replace all EDMI meters. Quotes Utilities Disputes Commissioner Neil Mallon that water companies take part in the scheme voluntarily and that he would like membership to be mandatory as for energy companies.",
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      "id": "src-da2278d7774cd402",
      "title": "RNZ — Watercare charges Auckland woman $800 bill due to faulty meter (10 Jul 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/business/566577/watercare-charges-auckland-woman-800-bill-due-to-faulty-meter",
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       "value": "Report on an estimated bill of about $800 that Watercare withdrew with an apology; states that up to 16,000 of Watercare's 40,000 EDMI meters were faulty and that 13,672 had been moved to manual reading.",
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      "title": "Commerce Commission — Watercare's performance in 2025, Crown monitor report (28 Nov 2025)",
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       "name": null,
       "domain": "comcom.govt.nz",
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       "publishedAt": "2025-11-28",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The Commerce Commission's first annual report as Crown monitor on Watercare (financial year to 30 June 2025). States Watercare's FY25 leakage as 119.2 litres per connection per day, within the Charter limit of 140 but not meeting the 98.2-litre economic-level-of-leakage target, which Watercare treats as a management tool; says Watercare uses acoustic leak detection and water meter data to manage losses; records financial separation from Auckland Council on 1 July 2025 with the council as non-financial shareholder; serves 1.7 million people. Does not assess the smart meter programme itself.",
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      "id": "src-bc5c344c48bc2b68",
      "title": "Itron — Itron Collaborates with Watercare Services for New Zealand's Largest Smart Water Meter Upgrade (15 Jun 2026)",
      "url": "https://mfn.se/all/a/itron/itron-collaborates-with-watercare-services-for-new-zealands-largest-smart-water-meter-upgrade-167584d8",
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       "domain": "mfn.se",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Vendor press release (GlobeNewswire, carried on MFN): Itron says Watercare is replacing existing mechanical meters with 100,000 Itron Intelis wSource NB-IoT meters, as part of Watercare's plan to connect almost half a million smart meters across the Auckland region. Vendor material; the scale of the plan is stated by the supplier, not by Watercare.",
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